考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷14（共190题）

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷14（共9套）（共190题）考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、阅读（常规阅读理解）(本题共25题，每题1.0分，共25分。)FortyyearsagoSingapore,nowhometotheworld'sbusiestport,wasaforlornoutpoststillgarrisonedbytheBritish.In1961SouthKoreawaslessindustrializedthantheNorthanddependentonAmericanaid.Thesecountries,andmanyoftheirneighbours,havesincetradedtheirwayoutofpoverty.Giventheirsuccess,itiseasytoforgetthatsomedevelopmenteconomistswereoncepreyto"exportfatalism".Poorcountries,theybelieved,hadlittletogainfromventuringintotheworldmarket.Iftheytriedtoexpandtheirexports,theywouldthwarteachother,drivingdownthepriceoftheircommodities.Thefinancialcrisisofthepastninemonthsisstirringanewexportfatalisminthemindsofsomeeconomists.Evenaftertheglobaleconomyrecovers,developingcountriesmayfindithardertopursueapolicyof"export-ledgrowth",whichservedcountrieslikeSouthKoreasowell.Underthisstrategy,sometimescalled"exportfetishism",countriesspursalesabroad,oftenbykeepingtheircurrenciescheap.Somesavetheproceedsinforeign-currencyreserves,ratherthanspendingthemonimports.Thisstrategyisonereasonwhythedevelopingworld'scurrent-accountsurplusexceeded$700billionin2008,asmeasuredbytheIMF.Inthepast,thesesurpluseswereoffsetbyAmericandeficits.ButAmericamaynowrethinkthebargain.Thisimbalance,wherebyforeignersselltheirgoodstoAmericainexchangeforitsassets,wasonepotentialcauseofthecountry'sfinancialcrisis.Ifthisglobalbargaindoescomeunstuck,howshoulddevelopingcountriesrespond?Inanewpaper,DaniRodrikofHarvardUniversityoffersanovelsuggestion.Hearguesthatdevelopingcountriesshouldcontinuetopromoteexportables,butnolongerpromoteexports.What'sthedifference?Anexportableisagoodthatcouldbetradedacrossborders,butneednotbe.MrRodrik'srecommendedpolicieswouldhelpcountriesmakemoreoftheseexportables,withoutsellingquitesomanyabroad.Countriesgrowbyshiftinglabourandinvestmentfromtraditionalactivities,whereproductivityisstagnant,tonewindustries,whichaboundineconomiesofscaleoropportunitiestoassimilatebettertechniques.Thesenewindustriesusuallymakeexportablegoods,suchascottontextilesortoys.Butwhateverthefetishistsbelieve,thereisnothingspecialabouttheactofexportingitself,Mr.Rodrikargues.Forexample,companiesdonotneedtoventureabroadtofeelthebracingstingofinternationalcompetition.Iftheirproductscanbetradedacrossborders,thenforeignrivalscancompetewiththemathome.Ascountriesindustrializeanddiversify,theirexportsgrow,whichsometimesresultsinatradesurplus.Thesethreethingstendtogotogether.Butinastatistical"horserace"betweenthethree—industrialization,exportsandexportsminusimports—Mr.Rodrikfindsthatitisthegrowthoftradable,industrialgoods,asashareofGDP,thatdoesmostofthework.1、Accordingtothepassage,somedevelopmenteconomistsholdtheideathatA、foreignaidisthekeyfactortopoorcountries’economy.B、worldmarketisnotfittothepoorcountries.C、poorcountries’goodscansellagoodpricethroughworldmarket.D、SingaporeandSouthKorea’ssuccesshasprovedtheirideas.标准答案：B知识点解析：事实细节题。由题干关键词somedevelopmenteconomistsholdtheidea定位至第一段。由该段倒数第二句可知，这些发展经济学家坚持的“出口宿命论”认为：进人世界市场后，贫穷的国家很难有所得，[B]与之相符，故为正确答案。第一段第二句虽然提及韩国依赖美国的援助，但是并不能说明国外援助是贫穷国家经济发展的关键因素，故排除[A]；这些发展经济学家认为扩大进出口贸易会压低商品价格，故排除[C]；由第一段第三、四句可知，新加坡和韩国的成功是这些经济学家理论的反例，故排除[D]。2、Duetothefinancialcrisis,developingcountriesA、foundexportfatalismmorefittothem.B、arehavingproblemsinexport.C、begantokeeptheircurrenciesexpensive.D、becamethecertaincauseofAmerica’sfinancialcrisis.标准答案：B知识点解析：事实细节题。根据题干关键词thefinancialcrisis和developingcountries定位至第二段开头。该段提及“发展中国家也许会发现，继续实行出口带动经济增长的模式变得困难了”，意味着发展中国家在出口上出现了问题，[B]与之相符，故为正确答案。由该段第二句可知，出口宿命论由一些经济学家提及，并对发展中国家的出口带来了麻烦，并不是说发展中国家认为出口宿命论是适合自己的，故排除[A]；由该段第三句“让本国货币汇率保持在低水平上”排除[C]；该段末句只是提及发展中国家成为美国经济危机的一个“潜在原因”，[D]的说法过于绝对，故排除。3、ItcanbeinferredfromDaniRodrik’snewsuggestionthatdevelopingcountriesshouldA、promotetheirtradeacrossborders.B、stimulatetheirdomesticneeds.C、improvetheirproductionofexportablegoods.D、advancetheirsellingabroad.标准答案：C知识点解析：推理判断题。由题干关键词DaniRodrik’snewsuggestion和developingcountries定位至第三段。该段提到，丹尼·罗德里克认为发展中国家应当继续鼓励生产“可出口商品”，[C]与之相符，故为正确答案。由该段第三句“无需继续鼓励出口”排除[A]；该段末句只是提及鼓励生产“可出口商品”，但并未明确提及刺激国内需求和境外销售，故排除[B]和[D]。4、ItcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthatA、cottontextilesandtoysarelessexportablegoods.B、traditionalactivitiesarefullofeconomiesofscale.C、traditionalindustriesusuallymakeexportablegoods.D、newindustrieshavemorechancestoacceptbettertechniques.标准答案：D知识点解析：推理判断题。由题干关键词定位至第四段。该段第一句提及新兴产业拥有更多技术改进的机会，[D]与之相符，故为正确答案。由该段第二句可知，棉纺织品和玩具为可出口商品，故排除[A]；该段首句指的是新兴产业容易形成规模经济，而传统产业很不景气，故排除[B]；由该段第二句可知，新兴产业经常生产如棉纺织品或玩具等出口商品，故排除[C]。5、Accordingtothelastparagraph,"astatisticalhorserace"mostprobablymeansA、acomparisoninstatistics.B、ahorsecompetition.C、anindexofsportsindustry.D、araceofmathematics.标准答案：A知识点解析：语义理解题。由题干关键词定位至第五段。解答此题的关键在于对horserace的理解。由原文可推知，此处并非指真正的赛马，而是关于数据方面的，由此可以引申为“比赛”，即数据比赛或对比，[A]与之相符，故为正确答案。[B]“赛马比赛”、[C]“体育产业指数”和[D]“数学比赛”都与原文中上下文的含义不符，故均排除。InafamousepisodeoftheTVshowSeinfeld,a"closetalker"makesothersuncomfortablebystandingmerecentimetersfromtheirfaceswhilespeaking.Whatmakesthisinvasionofourpersonalspacesouncomfortable?Anewstudyfingerstheamygdala,aregionofthebrainthatactslikeawarningbellwhensomeonegetstoocloseforcomfort.Psychologistshavestudiedpersonalspacesincethe1960s.They'vefoundthatAmericansandnorthernEuropeanspreferalargerpersonalspacethansouthernEuropeans,forexample,whereaspeoplewithautism(atendencytoviewlifeintermsofone'sownneedsanddesires)tendtounknowinglyinvadeothers'personalspace.Studiesinmonkeyshavehintedthattheamygdala,analmond-shapedregioninthemiddleofthebrainthathelpsusrecognizethreats,playsaroleinpersonalspace.Butthetheoryprovedhardtotestinhumans.Then,about15yearsago,neuroscientistsattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadenameta42-year-oldwomanwithararegeneticdisorderthatdestroyedbothsidesofheramygdala.Inearlyexperiments,thescientistsdiscoveredthatthewoman,referredtoasSM,couldn'tspotfearinotherpeople'sfaces;shealsoratedpeopleasmoretrustworthythananaveragepersondid.Andshewasextremelyoutgoing,"almosttothepointwhereitisn'tnormal,"saysteammemberDanielKennedy.Evenifshe'sonlyjustmetsomeone,hesays,SMwillinvadetheirpersonalspace—touchingtheirarmasshetalksorpokingtheirstomach.Inthenewstudy,KennedyandhiscolleaguesmorerigorouslytestedSM'ssenseofpersonalspace.Theycomparedherwith20healthysubjectsinaseriesofexperiments.Inonetest,anexperimenterslowlywalkedtowardasubjectuntilthesubjectfeltuncomfortableandtoldtheexperimentertostop.SMletexperimentersgetabouttwiceascloseasothersubjectsdid,0.34metersversus0.64meters,theteamreportsonlinethisweekinNatureNeuroscience.Sheevenfeltfinestandingnosetonosewithanexperimenter.Furtherexperimentsrevealedwhy.Kennedyandhiscolleaguesplacedeighthealthysubjects,oneatatime,insideafunctionalmagneticresonanceimagingscanner,whichmeasuresbrainactivity.Thenanexperimenterstoodeitherabout4.5metersawayfromthemachineorrightnexttothemachine'sopening.Thesubjects'amygdalaslitupwithsignificantlymoreactivitywhenthestrangerstoodcloseby."Ourfindingssupporttheideathattheamygdalafunctionsasthebrakesinsocialinteractions,"Kennedysays."Ifyoutakeawaytheamygdala,itseemslikeyouarelesstunedto...social(behaviors)thatcancausediscomfort."Thestudyis"anovelpieceofresearch"thatisthefirsttoidentifyaneural(ofanerveorthenervoussystem)sourceofpersonalspaceinpeople,saysRichardDavidson,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofWisconsin,Madison."It'salsopartofagrowingseriesofstudiesthatunderscoretheimportanceoftheamygdalainhumansocialinteractions,"hesays.6、Accordingtothepassage,studiesinmonkeysA、weremadebysomepsychologists.B、hintedthattheamygdalaplaysaroleinpersonalspace.C、showedthatAmericanstendtoinvadeothers’personalspaceunknowingly.D、showedthatAmericanspreferalargerpersonalspacethannorthernEuropeans.标准答案：B知识点解析：事实细节题。由题干关键词studiesinmonkeys定位至第二段。该段倒数第二句提到“对猴子的研究表明，扁桃腺在个人空间中起着作用。”[B]与之相符，故为正确答案。第二段首句只是提及“心理学家从19世纪60年代开始研究个人空间”，但是并未说明下文对猴子的研究是心理学家做的，故排除[A]；由第二段末句可知，[C]和[D]都属于对心理学家所做的实验的推测，与题干提到的studiesinmonkeys不相符，故均排除。7、The42-year-oldwomanmentionedinthethirdparagraphA、ismoretrustworthythanotherpeople.B、doesn’tlikestaynearothers.C、isnotsharponpersonalspace.D、isabnormalinmind.标准答案：C知识点解析：推理判断题。由题干关键词定位至第三段。该段对该女性的基本状况进行了介绍，由她不能够从其他人的脸色中辨识出恐惧，即使她只是与人初识，SM也会侵犯他们的个人空间等可以推知，她在个人空间方面不是很敏感。[C]与之相符，故为正确答案。该段第二句说的是她对别人抱有更多的信赖，而非她比别人更可信，故排除[A]；由该段末句可知，她喜欢与人靠近甚至发生身体接触，故排除[B]；该段首句只是提及她扁桃腺的两侧失去功能，并非精神不正常，故排除[D]。8、WecanlearnfromthenewstudymadebyKennedyandhiscolleaguesthatSMA、hasnodifferencetotheothers.B、canafforda0.34meterspersonaldistance.C、feelsuncomfortablewiththe20healthypeople.D、preferstostandingnosetonosewiththeothers.标准答案：B知识点解析：推理判断题。由题干关键词thenewstudymadebyKennedyandhiscolleagues定位至第四段。该段第四句提及SM可接受的接近距离比其他受试者大约少一半，分别是0．34米和0．64米，由此推知，她可以接受O．34米的人际距离，[B]与之相符，故为正确答案。[A]“SM与其他人没有差异”与该段第二句相悖，故排除；该段第二句只是提及把她与20位健康的参试者进行了一系列试验对比，并未提及她和他们在一起不舒服，故排除[C]；该段末句只是说她觉得站立时鼻子贴鼻子的距离也可以接受，并不意味着她偏爱这样站立，故排除[D]。9、ItcanbeinferredfromthefifthparagraphthatA、SMhasnobrainactivity.B、Kennedyadvisespeopletotakeawaytheiramygdala.C、peoplewithoutamygdalatendtohavemorediscomfort.D、personalspaceinfluenceshealthysubjects’brainactivities.标准答案：D知识点解析：推理判断题。由题干提示定位至第五段。该段测量受试者的脑部活动，当陌生人靠近时，受试者的扁桃腺因显著地更多活动而发红，表明他们的脑部活动产生了变化。由此推断人际距离可能影响脑部活动，[D]与之相符，故为正确答案。[A]的说法过于绝对，该第四句只是表明SM脑部活动与其他人的不同，故排除；原文中Kennedy只是对摘除扁桃腺这个假设做了推测，并没有建议大家摘除，故排除[B]；由第五段末句可知，摘除扁桃腺会降低对不适行为的敏感度，即对其容忍度更高，[C]与之相反，故排除。10、Theword"novel"(Line1,Para.6)mostprobablymeansA、believable.B、false.C、original.D、common.标准答案：C知识点解析：语义理解题。由题干关键词定位至第六段。由定位句下文“这是第一次验证人们个人空间的神经原由”中的“第一次”可推知，该研究应该是新颖的，因此[C]“初始的，首创的”与之相符，故为正确答案。原文此处不涉及其可信度，故排除[A]“可信的”；由原文可知，这是一次正确、重要的研究，故排除[B]；由原文提及的初创性和下文提及的重要性可以排除[D]“普通的”。Shouldaleaderstrivetobelovedorfeared?Thisquestion,famouslyposedbyMachiavelli,liesattheheartofJosephNye'snewbook.Mr.Nye,aformerdeanoftheKennedySchoolofGovernmentatHarvardandone-timechairmanofAmerica'sNationalIntelligenceCouncil,isbestknownforpromotingtheideaof"softpower",basedonpersuasionandinfluence,asacounterpointto"hardpower",basedoncoercionandforce.Havinganalysedtheuseofsoftandhardpowerinpoliticsanddiplomacyinhispreviousbooks,hehasnowturnedhisattentiontotherelationshipbetweenpowerandleadership,inboththepoliticalandbusinessspheres.Machiavelli,henotes,concludedthat"oneoughttobebothfearedandloved,butasitisdifficultforthetwotogotogether,itismuchsafertobefearedthanloved."Inshort,hardpowerispreferabletosoftpower.Butmodernleadershiptheoristshavecometotheoppositeconclusion.Thecontextofleadershipischanging,theyobserve,andthehistoricalemphasisonhardpowerisbecomingoutdated.Inmoderncompaniesanddemocracies,powerisincreasinglydiffusedandtraditionalhierarchiesarebeingundermined,makingsoftpowerevermoreimportant.Butthatdoesnotmeancoercionshouldnowtakeabackseattopersuasion,Mr.Nyeargues.Instead,headvocatesasynthesisofthesetwoviews.TheconclusionofThePowerstoLead,hissurveyofthetheoryofleadership,isthatacombinationofhardandsoftpower,whichhecalls"smartpower",isthebestapproach.Thedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadershipatthemomentis,apparently,the"neochar-ismaticandtransformationalleadershipparadigm".Anyoneallergictomanagementjargonwillalreadyberunningfortheexit,butMr.Nyehasperformedavaluableserviceinroundingupandsummarisingthevariousacademicstudiesandtheoriesofleadershipintoasingle,slimvolume.Heexaminesdifferentapproachestoleadership,themoralityofleadershipandhowthewidercontextcandeterminetheeffectivenessofaparticularleader.Thereareplentyofanecdotesandexamples,bothhistoricalandcontemporary,politicalandcorporate.Alas,leadershipisaslipperysubject,andasherehearsestheprosandconsofvarioustheories,evenMr.Nyeneverquitenailsthejellytothewall.Heisathismostinterestingwhendiscussingthemoralaspectsofleadership—inparticular,thequestionofwhetheritissometimesnecessaryforgoodleaderstolie—andheprovidesahelpful12-pointsummaryofhisconclusions.Arecurringthemeisthatascircumstanceschange,differentsortsofleadersarerequired;aleaderwhothrivesinoneenvironmentmaystruggleinanother,andviceversa.Ultimatelythatisjustafancywayofsayingthatleadershipoffersnoeasyanswers.11、Accordingtothefirstthreeparagraphs,Mr.NyeA、isnowthedeanoftheKennedySchoolofGovernmentatHarvard.B、believesthatitismuchsafertobefearedthanloved.C、arguesthatcoercionshouldnowtakeabackseattopersuasion.D、concludesthat"smartpower"isthebestchoiceforleaders.标准答案：D知识点解析：事实细节题。第一段提到奈伊是前任院长，而[A]中用了now一词，与原文不符；[B]出现在第二段，是奈伊引用了马基雅维利的结论，而不是奈伊自己的看法，也可以排除；[C]出现在文中第三段，文中说这并不意味着强权威逼应该让位于说服力，与之相反，他主张将这两种观点结合起来，由此可知[C]不准确；由第三段最后一句可知[D]是正确答案。12、WecaninferfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatMr.NyeA、establishesthedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadership.B、doesnotlikethedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadership.C、summarizesdifferentapproachestoleadership.D、believesitisnecessaryforgoodleaderstolie.标准答案：C知识点解析：推理判断题。文中并未提到是奈伊建立了关于领导力的主流理论模型，故排除[A]；文中也并未提到奈伊对领导力的主流理论模型的喜好，故排除[B]；由第四段第二句可知[C]正确；最后一段提到优秀的领导人在某些时候是否也有必要说谎的问题上奈伊体现出了他的风趣幽默，但是未提及奈伊在这个问题上的看法，故排除[D]。13、Thesentence"Mr.Nyeneverquitenailsthejellytothewall."(Line2,Para.5)mostprobablymeansA、Mr.Nyedoesn’tlikethejelly.B、Mr.Nyeisexcitedtofinishhisnewbook.C、Mr.Nyebelievesthereissomethingwrongwithhiswall.D、Mr.Nyedoesnotmakeaconclusion.标准答案：D知识点解析：语义理解题。根据题干提示定位至第五段。在对历史和现代的领导力理论家的看法进行了大致的介绍之后，本文作者感叹领导力的确是一个难以把握的主题，因为总是有各种理论不断出现，而这些理论都有着各自的优点和缺点，因此，即使是奈伊也难以作结论。[A]和[C]停留在表面，与文章实质内容没有联系，可以排除，而[B]与前后文无法衔接；结合语境，可选出答案[D]。14、Accordingtothepassage,MachiavelliA、istheauthorofthebookThePowerstoLead.B、promotestheideaof"softpower".C、believeshardpowerispreferabletosoftpower.D、isoneofthemostimportantmodernleadershiptheorists.标准答案：C知识点解析：推理判断题。第二段提到，马基雅维利认为硬实力比软实力更为安全，即更为可取，故[C]是正确答案。第三段中明确提到了奈伊才是ThePowerstoLead一书的作者，从而排除[A]；据第一段第二句可以判断提出“软实力”这一概念的同样是奈伊，从而排除[B]；第二段最后说到现代的领导力理论家却并不同意马基雅维利的这一观点，可见马基雅维利不是现代的领导力理论家，从而排除[D]。15、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A、JosephNyeandMachiavelliB、SecretsofLeadershipC、SoftPowerandHardPowerD、WhatIsSmartPower?标准答案：B知识点解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了奈伊在其新作中对领导力问题的探讨。马基雅维利并非文章主要内容，只是为了与奈伊的某些观点进行对比，故排除[A]；[B]准确概括了文章主题，为正确答案。第二段第一句提到奈伊先生在其之前的著作中曾分析过利用“软实力”和“硬实力”在政治和外交中的应用，并非其书的主旨，也并非本文的主旨，故排除[C]；本文最核心的问题是领导力的问题，并非智能实力，智能实力只反映了文章的一个部分，而不能从整体上对全文内容进行概括，故[D]不准确。In2007aFrenchfoodcompanywantedtobuyafamily-ownedfirminIndia.Thepatriarchwas72,andtheFrenchfirmwantedtosendsomeoneofsimilarexperiencetotalktohim.Butbecauseofitsyouthfulcorporateculture—mostpeoplearepushedoutofthedoorintheirmid-40s—ithadnoonetosend.lntheend,throughExperconnect,anemploymentagencyinPariswhichplacesretiredpeople,itfounda58-year-oldformerheadofaEuropeanconsumer-goodsfirm,andsenthimouttoMumbai.Francehasapoorrecordwhenitcomestokeepingolderpeopleintheworkforce.Theretirementageis60,not65asinmostdevelopedcountries.In2005only37.8%ofpeopleaged55-64hadjobs,versus56.8%inBritainand44.9%inGermany.Themainreasonisthatinthe1980s,whentherewashighunemployment,thegovernmentpromotedearlyretirement.Thatentrenchedtheideathatolderworkerswerelessproductive,saysCarolineYoung,Experconnect'sfounder.Nowcompaniesareworriedaboutlosingtheirmostskilledworkers,especiallyasthebaby-boomgenerationnearsretirement.Areva,anuclear-powergroup,recentlylaunchedaschemetoaddresstheneedsofolderemployees,andplanstouseabout100retiredpeopleayearthroughExperconnect.Becausenuclearpowerwasunpopularfordecades,Arevastoppedtrainingengineers,sothatmuchofitsexpertiselieswithitsoldeststaff.Nowitistakingmuchmoreinterestinthem."Wehavetobringaboutarevolutioninopinion,"saysJeanCassingena,itshuman-resourcesstrategist.Unlikeotherrecruitmentagencies,Experconnectkeepsitsworkersonitsownbooks,sotheycancarryondrawingtheirpensions.Theytendtoworkpart-timeonone-offprojects.EngineersandpeoplewithhighlevelsoftechnicalskillaremostindemandinFrance,saysMsYoung,asyoungerpeopleincreasinglychoosetogointofieldssuchasmarketing.Thales,adefenceandaerospacefirm,isusingaformerradarexpert,forinstance,andLouisBergerFrance,anengineeringfirm,oftenusesretiredengineerstomanagebiginfrastructureprojects.SofterindustriesalsomakeuseofExperconnect.Danone,afoodfirm,hirespeopleforone-offmanagementroles."Olderpeoplehaveseenitallandtheyarelevel-headed,"saysThomasKunz,itsheadofbeverages.Thebeautyindustryisshortoftoxicologiststodeterminewhethernewlotionsaresafe,andonefirmhasjusttakenona75-year-old.TwofamousFrenchluxury-goodscompaniesplantouseretiredworkersintheirhandbagdivisions.Onewantstosafeguarditsknowledgeoffineleathersandsewing;theotherwantstoapplyexpertisefromtheaerospaceindustrytomakenewkindsofmaterialsforhandbags.Despiteanimpressivehandfulofhigh-profileclients,ExperconnecthasfounditdifficulttoconvinceFrenchcompaniesthatolderworkerscanbevaluable.Ithas2,700retiredpeopleonitsbooks,andhassofarplacedjust50ofthemon"missions".Oldprejudices,astheysay,diehard.16、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,wecanknowthatA、theIndiafirmhasbeenfoundedfor72years.B、mostFrenchworkersretireintheirmid-forties.C、theFrenchfirmfinallyfoundsomeonesuitabletotalktothepatriarch.D、noFrenchworkerswantedtogotoIndia.标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题。文章第一段主要列举了一个事例，用以引出文章主题。第一段中提到Thepatriarchwas72，指的是企业的创始人已经72岁高龄，并非该家族企业已成立72周年，因此排除[A]；文中说大多数人在45岁的时候就会被挤出公司，并非退休，而且下文中也明确指出了法国的退休年龄为60岁，故排除[B]；该法国公司最终通过一家中介机构找到了合适的人选，故[C]为正确答案；文中并未提及员工是否愿意前往印度，故排除[D]。17、"Inthe1980s,thegovernmentpromotedearlyretirement"iscitedinParagraph2asanexampletoA、showwhyolderworkerswerelessproductive.B、illustratethepoorconditionofkeepingtheoldpeopleinworkforceinFrance.C、comparetheconditionofoldpeoplebetweenFranceandtheotherdevelopedcountries.D、assessthepolicyofFrancegovernmentatthattime.标准答案：B知识点解析：推理判断题。根据题干提示可以迅速定位到第二段。文中提到了20世纪80年代法国政府出台的让老年人提早退休的政策，以应付经济危机，虽然是这个政策使得老龄化意味着生产力低下，但作者并不同意这一观点，作者引用这个例子是为了说明老年人在法国的地位，故答案为[B]。18、What’sthemeaningofthelastsentenceofthepassage?A、ItishardforFrenchfirmstobelievethevalueofolderworkers.B、Itishardforolderworkerstobelievetheirvalue.C、Itisdifficulttoconvinceyoungerworkerstoworkhard.D、Itisdifficulttoconvinceolderworkerstolearnnewtechnologies.标准答案：A知识点解析：语义理解题。文章最后一段说到虽然职业中介机构Experconnect成功地为一些客户提供了服务，但是由于法国公司固有的偏见，为老龄工人寻求职位并不容易，于是有了最后的感叹“成见难改”，因此推测这句话的意思为[A]。19、Fromthispassage,wecanconcludethatA、thelifeofmostFrencholderworkersaredifficult.B、olderworkersaremorevaluablethantheyoungerinsomeareas.C、theFrenchyoungerworkersdonotworkhardenough.D、mostFrencholderworkersdonotwanttoworkanymoreafterretirement.标准答案：B知识点解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文说的是法国老龄员工人的就业问题，但是文中并未提到法国老年人的生活困难，由此排除[A]；文中也举了多个例子来说明老龄工人在某些方面要强于年轻人，故[B]为正确答案；[C]和[D]在文中均没有提及，故排除。20、WecanlearnfromthispassagethattheauthorA、believesolderworkersarelessproductive.B、holdsthatFrenchgovernmentiswrongfortheearlyretirementpolicy.C、believesolderworkersarevaluable.D、holdsthatolderworkersshouldnotcompetewithyoungerones.标准答案：C知识点解析：观点态度题。本题问作者的观点态度。作者在文中列举了好几个老龄工人成功就业的事例，文末作者又认为老龄工人生产力不高是种偏见，因此可以判断作者是支持老年人就业并且相信老年人的价值的，故选[C]。[A]与作者的观点相悖；文中已经提到了提早退休政策的制定是有当时的背景，只是现在时过境迁，故排除[B]；[D]在文中并没有提及，而且老龄工人是有一定的市场需求的，并没有对年轻人就业形成大的冲击。ThinkofthelonelinessfeltbyMarieSmithbeforeshediedearlierthisyearinhernativeAlaska,at89.ShewasthelastpersonwhoknewthelanguageoftheEyakpeopleasamother-tongue.OrimagineNedMandrell,whodiedin1974—hewasthelastnativespeakerofManx,similartoIrishandScotsGaelic.Boththesepeoplehadthecomfortofbeingsurrounded,someofthetime,byenthusiastswhoknewsomethingpreciouswasvanishingandtriedtorecordandlearnwhatevertheycouldofavanishingtongue.Inremotepartsoftheworld,dozensmorepeopleareonthepointoftakingtotheirgravesasystemofcommunicationthatwillneverberecordedorreconstructed.Doesitmatter?Plentyoflanguages—amongthemAkkadian,Etruscan,TangutandChib-cha—havegonethewayofthedodo,withoutcausingmuchtroubletoposterity.Shouldanyonelosesleepoverthefactthatmanytongues—fromManchu(spokeninChina)toHua(Botswana)andGwich'in(Alaska)—areindangerofsufferingasimilarfate?Comparedwithgroupswholobbytosaveanimalsortrees,campaignerswholobbytopreservelanguagesarethemselvesararebreed.Buttheyaretryingbothtomitigateandpubliciseanalarmingaccelerationintherateatwhichlanguagesarevanishing.Ofsome6,900tonguesspokenintheworldtoday,some50%to90%couldbegonebytheendofthecentury.InAfrica,atleast300languagesareinnear-termdanger,and200morehavediedrecentlyorareonthevergeofdeath.Some145languagesarethreatenedinEastandSouth-EastAsia.Somelanguages,evenrobustones,faceanobviousthreatintheshapeofapoliticalpowerbentonimposingamajoritytongue.AyoungsterinanypartoftheSovietUnionsoonrealisedthatwhateveryouspokeathome,masteringRussianwasthekeytosuccess;citizensofChinafacesimilarpressuretofocusonMandarin,themainChinesedialect.NordidEnglishreachitspresentglobalstatuswithoutruthlesstactics.Inyearspast,Americans,CanadiansandAustralianstooknativechildrenawayfromtheirfamiliestoberaisedatboardingschoolswhereEnglishrules.InalltheCelticfringesoftheBritishIslestherearebittermemoriesofchildrenbeingpunishedforspeakingthewronglanguage.Butinanageofmasscommunications,thethreatstolinguisticdiversityarelesscrucialandmorespontaneous.Parentsstopusingtraditionaltongues,thinkingitwillbebetterfortheirchildrentogrowupusingadominantlanguage(suchasSwahiliinEastAfrica)oraglobalone(suchasEnglish,MandarinorSpanish).Andevenifparentstrytokeeptheoldspeechalive,theireffortscanbedoomedbyfilmsandcomputergames.21、AccordingtoParagraph1,MarieSmith’ssolituderesultsfromthefactthatA、shelivesaloneandnooneaccompaniesher.B、peoplearoundhercouldnotunderstandherlanguage.C、sheisthelastpersonhavingEyakasmother-tongue.D、asanativeAlaska,shelivesfarawayfromthatplace.标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题。根据题干关键词MarieSmith’s提示定位至第一段。解答本题的关键是对第一段前两句话的理解：第一句提示读者设想玛丽·史密斯的孤独感；第二句解释了造成孤独感的原因，即她是世界上最后一位掌握埃亚克人母语的人。所以正确答案是[C]。[A]“没人陪伴”未在文中出现；[B]有一定的干扰性：文中只提到玛丽是世界上最后一位掌握埃亚克人母语的人，这并不意味着她不能和周围的人交流，而且她是土生土长的阿拉斯加州人，不可能不被她周围的人理解；[D]中shelivesfarawayfromthatplace并未在文中提及，故排除。22、Whatdocampaignerswholobbytopreservelanguagesdotosaveendangeredlanguages?A、Takemeasurestoslowdownlanguages’vanishingrate.B、Trytomakeknownlanguages’acceleratingvanishingrate.C、Tryalltheirouttorecordandreconstructthevanishinglanguages.D、Slowdownlanguages’vanishingrateandmeanwhilemakeitknown.标准答案：D知识点解析：事实细节题。根据关键词campaignerswholobbytopreservelanguages定位至第三段。该段段首提到了虽然为保存语言而进行游说的人较少，但是他们在努力同时从两方面改变现状：降低令人担忧的语言加速消逝的速度，同时使语言加速消逝的现状为公众所注意。由此可知[D]为正确答案。23、InParagraphs4and5theauthordiscussesthatA、masteringRussianisthekeytosuccessintheSovietUnion.B、citizensofChinashouldfocusontheacquisitionofMandarin.C、Englishreachesitspresentglobalstatusasaworldlanguage.D、languagesfaceobviousthreatintheshapeofapoliticalpower.标准答案：D知识点解析：推理判断题。根据题干提示定位至第四、五段。第四段开头提到“甚至一些充满活力的语言也受到了因政治权力倾向而强制推行的主流语言的威胁”，接下来分别以苏联的俄语、中国的普通话和作为世界语言的英语为例，证明政治倾向对语言流行的影响。因而正确答案是[D]。24、Whatdoestheauthorfeelaboutthevanishinglanguagesthroughouttheworld?A、Concerned.B、Indifferent.C、Pleased.D、Sympathetic.标准答案：A知识点解析：观点态度题。解答本题需要根据文中作者的措辞来判断：第一段中提到了玛丽的“孤独”；第二段用了“难道……”的反问句式和引起人们“失眠”的结果；第三段提到“为保存语言而进行游说的人较少”；以及下文从三个方面例证造成语言消逝的措辞和结构安排可见：[B]“漠不关心”和[C]“高兴”，都不符合文章主旨，因为本文是要唤起人们对这些濒临灭绝的语言的重视；[D]“感到同情”不准确，作者是对这些语言的处境感到担忧和关切。由此可知[A]“担忧”为正确选项。25、Inthefuture,thenumberoflanguageswillA、stopdecreasing.B、begintoincrease.C、continuetodecrease.D、stopincreasing.标准答案：C知识点解析：推理判断题。本题需要对全文综合理解。首先，在历史上就存在语言消逝的现象；其次，近年来这一消逝开始加速；最后，虽然最后一段开头提到“在大众传播工具盛行的时代，语言多样化所受威胁的严峻性降低，自发性提高”，但是依然说明了语言选择趋向集中的事实和趋势，所以正确答案是[C]。考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、阅读9翻译句子)(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)Muchoftheexcitementamonginvestigatorsinthefieldofintelligencederivesfromtheirtryingtodetermineexactlywhatintelligenceis.Differentinvestigatorshaveemphasizeddifferentaspectsofintelligenceintheirdefinitions.【F1】Forexample,ina1921symposiumonthedefinitionofintelligence,theAmericanpsychologistLewisM.Termanemphasizedtheabilitytothinkabstractly,whileanotherAmericanpsychologist,EdwardL.Thorndike,emphasizedlearningandtheabilitytogivegoodresponsestoquestions.Inasimilar1986symposium,however,psychologistsgenerallyagreedontheimportanceofadaptationtotheenvironmentasthekeytounderstandingbothwhatintelligenceisandwhatitdoes.Suchadaptationmayoccurinavarietyofenvironmentalsituations.【F2】Forexample,astudentinschoollearnsthematerialthatisrequiredtopassordowellinacourse;aphysiciantreatingapatientwithanunfamiliardiseaseadaptsbylearningaboutthedisease;anartistreworksapaintinginordertomakeitconveyamoreharmoniousimpression.【F3】Forthemostpart,adaptinginvolve