2013年考研英语二真题原文及答案解析VIP

2013年考研英语二真题原文及答案完整版SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionshavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon"revolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself,"onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incoming?Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery7tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecornmunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpaymentSecond,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof"float"-ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuer'saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcancaminterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpaymentsarcimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelse'saccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.1.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise2.[A]off[B]back[C]over[D]around3.[A]power[B]concept[C]history[D]role4.[A]reward[B]resist[C]resume[D]reverse5.[A]silent[B]sudden[C]slow[D]steady6.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]on7.[A]imaginative[B]expensive[C]sensitive[D]productive8.[A]similar[B]original[C]temporary[D]dominant9.[A]collect[B]provide[C]copy[D]print10.[A]giveup[B]takeover[C]bringback[D]passdown11.[A]before[B]after[C]since[D]when12.[A]kept[B]borrowed[C]released[D]withdrawn13.[A]Unless[B]Until[C]Because[D]Though14.[A]hide[B]express[C]raise[D]ease15.[A]analyzed[B]shared[C]stored[D]displayed16.[A]unsafe[B]unnatural[C]uncommon[D]unclear17.[A]steal[B]choose[C]benefit[D]return18.[A]consideration[B]prevention[C]manipulation[D]justification19.[A]copewith[B]fightagainst[C]adaptto[D]callfor20.[A]chunk[B]chip[C]path[D]trailSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica”,theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottonaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillonlytwoemployeestoday,”amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob，couldearnanaveragelifestyle,But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra-theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Butthere’sbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,”Inthe10yearsendingin2009,[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared.Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopoet-highschooleducation.21.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate_______[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances[B]thealleviationofjobpressure[C]theshrinkageoftextilemills[D]thedeclineofmiddle-classincomes22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto______[A]workoncheapsoftware[B]askforamoderatesalary[C]adoptanaveragelifestyle[D]contributesomethingunique23.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat______[A]gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased[B]jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed[C]factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore[D]newjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis_____[A]toacceleratetheI.T.revolution[B]toensuremoreeducationforpeople[C]roadvanceeconomicglobalization[D]topassmorebillsinthe21stcentury25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?[A]NewLawTakesEffect[B]TechnologyGoesCheap[C]AverageIsOver[D]RecessionIsBadText2Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincluedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,and7millinpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexanmle,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenemcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orourbrokenimmigrantionsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon’tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrickdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday’sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem,Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes.Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.26“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho____[A]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic.[B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood.[C]stayinaforegintemporaily.[D]findpermanentjobsoverseas.27Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationstystemintheUS____[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories.[B]hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants.[C]shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges.[D]hasbeenfixeedviapoliticalmeans.28Accordingtotheauthor,today’sbirdsofpassagewant___[A]fiancialincentives.[B]aglobalrecognition.[C]opportunitiestogetregularjobs.[D]thefreedomtostayandleave.29Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated__[A]asfaithfulpartners.[B]witheconomicfavors.[C]withlegaltolerance.[D]asmightyrivals.30whichofthebesttitleforthepassage?[A]comeandgo:bigmistake.[B]livingandthriving:greatrisk.[C]withorwithout:greatrisk.[D]legalorillegal:bigmistake.Text3Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren’texclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,eventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelsewe’redoing,Subjectsexposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong.Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases-orhireoutsidescreeners.JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly“thinslice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thicksliced”long-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamucklongerevaluation;twodays,nottwoseconds.Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogecanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasn’tchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend.31.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay____.[A]varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation[B]provethecomplexityofourbrainreaction[C]dependontheimportanceoftheassessment[D]predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment32.Ourreactiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthatsnapdecisions____.[A]canbeassociative[B]arenotunconscious[C]canbedangerous[D]arenotimpulsive33.Toreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould____.[A]trustourfirstimpression[B]doaspeopleusuallydo[C]thinkbeforeweact[D]askforexpertadvice34.JohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionarebasedon____.[A]criticalassessment[B]‘‘thinsliced’’study[C]sensibleexplanation[D]adequateinformation35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis____.[A]tolerant[B]uncertain[C]optimistic[D]doubtfulText4Europeisnotagender-equalityheaven.Inparticular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyfamily—friendlyuntilwomenarepartofseniormanagementdecisions,andEurope’stopcorporate-governancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale.indeed,womenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropecorporateboards.TheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionofwomen-upto60percent.Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.Lastyear,EuropeCommissionVicePresidentVivianeRedingissuedacalltovoluntaryaction.Redinginvitedcorporationstosignupforgenderbalancegoalof40percentfemaleboardmembership.Butherappealwasconsideredafailure:only24companiestookitup.DoweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateLadderfairyastheybalanceworkandfamily?“Personally,Idon’tlikequotas,”Redingsaidrecently.“Butilikewhatthequotasdo.”Quotasgetaction:they“openthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling,”accordingtoReding,aresultseeninFranceandothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionsonplacingwomenintopbusinesspositions.IunderstandReding’sreluctance-andherfrustration.Idon’tlikequotaseither;theyruncountertomybeliefinmeritocracy,governmentbythecapable.Bur,whenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticideal,itdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered.Afterall,fourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporationsinEuropeastheUSareevadingthemeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotopposition—nomatterhowmuch“softpressure”isputuponthem.Whenwomendobreakthroughtothesummitofcorporatepower--as,forexample,SherylSandbergrecentlydidatFacebook—theyattractmassiveattentionpreciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule.Ifappropriatepubicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomen---whetherCEOsortheirchildren’scaregivers--andallfamilies,Sandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthythananyotherhighlycapablepersonlivinginamorejustsociety.36.IntheEuropeancorporateworkplace,generally_____.[A]womentakethelead[B]menhavethefinalsay[C]corporategovernanceisoverwhelmed[D]seniormanagementisfamily-friendly37.TheEuropeanUnion’sintendedlegislationis________.[A]areflectionofgenderbalance[B]areluctantchoice[C]aresponsetoReding’scall[D]avoluntaryaction38.AccordingtoReding,quotasmayhelpwomen______.[A]gettopbusinesspositions[B]seethroughtheglassceiling[C]balanceworkandfamily[D]anticipatelegalresults39.Theauthor’sattitudetowardReding’sappealisoneof_________.[A]skepticism[B]objectiveness[C]indifference[D]approval40.Womenenteringtopmanagementbecomeheadlinesduetothelackof______.[A]moresocialjustice[B]massivemediaattention[C]suitablepublicpolicies[D]greater“softpressure”PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)[A]Livelikeapeasant[B]Balanceyourdiet[C]Shopkeepersareyourfriends[D]Remembertotreatyourself[E]Sticktowhatyouneed[F]Planningiseverything[G]Wastenot,wantnotThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.Afterbills,Tonyhas￡60aweektospend,￡40ofwhichgoesonfood,but10yearsagohewasearning￡130,000aIyearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondon'sbestrestaurants'"atleasttwiceaweek.Thenhismarriagefailed,hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious."Thecommunitymentalhealthteamsavedmylife.AndIfeltlikethatagain,toacertaindegree,whenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell.ItgavemethevalidationandconfidencethatI'dlost.Butit'sstilladay-by-daything."Nowhe'slivinginacouncilflatandfieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.He'sfeelingpositive,buthe'llcarryonblogging-notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan-"therearesomanypeopleinamuchworsestate,withbarelyanymoneytospendonfood"-buteatingwellonabudget.Here'shisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.41._____________________Impulsivespendingisn'tanoption,soplanyourweek'smenuinadvance,makingshoppinglistsforyouringredientsintheirexactquantities.IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Stoplaughing:it'snotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.It'salsoagoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweekly,because,being-human,you'llsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.42____________________________________________________________Thisiswheresupermarketsandtheiranonymitycomeinhandy.Withthem,there'snotthesameembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecarrotinalittlegreengrocer.Andifyouplanproperly,you'llknowthatyouonlyneed,say,350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbacon,notwhateverweightispre-packedinthesupermarketchiller.43_________Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer-that'snotgoodenough.Mineisfilledwithleftovers,bread,stock,meatandfish.Planningaheadshouldeliminatewastage,butifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyou'lldoavegetablesoup,andallfruitsthreateningto"gooff'willbecookedorjuiced.44___________________________________Everyonesaysthis,butitreallyisatoptipforfrugaleaters.Shopatbutchers,delisandfish-sellersregularly,evenforsmallthings,andbesuperfriendly.Soonyou'llfeelcomfortableaskingifthey'veanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstews,orbeefbones,chickencarcassesandfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoftenthannot,they'llletyouhaveforfree.45__________________Youwon'tbeeatingoutalot,butsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreatyourselftoasetlunchatagoodrestaurant-￡1.75aweekforthreemonthsgivesyou￡21-morethan"enoughforathree-courselunchatMichelin-starredArbutus.It's￡16.95there-or￡12.99foralargepizzafromDomino's:IknowwhichI'drathereat.SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Icanpickadatefromthepast53yearsandknowinstantlywhereIwas,whathappenedinthenewsandeventhedayoftheweek,I’vebeenabletodothis,sinceIwasfour.Ineverfeeloverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationmybrainabsorbs.Mymindseemstobeabletocopeandtheinformationisstoredawayneatly.WhenIthinkofasadmemory,Idowhateverybodydoes-trytoputittooneside.Idon’tthinkit’sharderformejustbecausemymemoryisclearer.Powerfulmemorydoesn’tmakemyemotionsanymoreacuteorvivid.IcanrecallthedaymygrandfatherdiedandthesadnessIfeltwhenwewenttothehospitalthedayoftheweekthedayoftheweekdaybefore.IalsorememberthatthemusicalplayHairopenedonBroadwayonthesameday-theybothjustpopintomymindinthesameway.SectionIVWriting47.Supposeyourclassistoholdacharitysalefoekidsinneedofhelp.Writeyourclassmatesanemailto1)informthemaboutthedetailsandencouragethemtoparticipate.2)Don’tuseyourownname,use“LiMing”instead.Don’twriteyouraddress.(10points)48.writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechartand2)giveyourcommentsYoushouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.2013年\o"考研英语二真题"考研英语