新教材2021-2022学年英语北师大版选择性必修第二册练习：Unit 4 Starting out 与 Understanding ideas

十Unit4Startingout&Understandingideas

语用训练

I.单句语法填空

1.(2019U匕京高考)lftheyhaveproblemswithregistration,Wilsonis

theretoassist(assist)them.

2.(2017,江苏高考)In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,

oneofwhosepurposesistorelieve(relieve)worldwidestarvation.

3.Butwithsomeworkanddevotion(devote),you/llmakeprogress.

4.Thesespecialist(special)doctorsusuallyworkinhospitalsandare

knownas“consultants".

5.Measlesisoneofthemostinfectious(infect)diseasesknown.

6.Butwhatisvitally(vital)importantisthatthemoneyisspentwelland

honestly.

7.Hesaidtherewasnosilverbulletfortackling(tackle)climatechange.

8.Wereceivedyourclaimforcompensation(compensate)forthedelay

ofshipment.

9.Oursisessentiallyatragicage,sowerefusetotakeittrauicallv

(tragical).

10.TheJinggangmountainsstandwheretheboundaries(boundary)of

fourcountiesmeet.

n.选词填空

takeanychances,regardlessof,compensatefor,involvedin,

stepintoone'sshoes,getcaughtupin,devoteone/slifeto,bevital

for,atrisk,againstallodds

1.Theriverransofastthatwecouldn/ttakeanvchancestocrossit.

2.Awoodenlegcancompensateforaphysicaldisability.

3.Myfatherrunsafactory.Ihavegrownupandhewantsmetostev

intohisshoes.

4.Herhusbanddiedatanearlyage,butshehasdevotedherlifeto

bringingupfourchildren.

5.Itisknownthattechnologyisvitalforagriculturaldevelopment.

6.Youngmenfelttheirfriendshipscouldbeatriskiftheydidnot

respondtosocialmediapostsquickly,andaroundtheclock.

7.Sheavoidedgettingcaughtupincompetitionwithotherfamilies

becauseshewantedtoliveapeacefullife.

8.Regardlessofhisparents'opposition,heinsistedonvolunteeringto

teachinaremoteplace.

9.1don'twanttogetinvolvedintheargumentaboutwhoistoblame.

10.Weareprovingwecandoitagainstallodds.

m.完成句子

1.We'retoobusytotakealongholidaythisyear,nottomentionthe

factthatwecan'taffordit.

今年我们太忙了，不能休长假，更不用说我们还负担不起（这笔钱了）。

2.Myteacherdidwhathecouldtomakehisclasslively.

我的老师尽他所能使他的课生动活泼。

3.Onecouldheareverysubjectunderthesunbeinghotlvdiscussed.

你们可以听到人们天南海北什么都谈得很热烈。

4.Notonlydidhemakeapromise,butalsohekeptit.

他不仅做出了许诺，而且履行了诺言。

5.It/sveryimportantforstudentstolistentoteacherscarefullyin

class.

对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。

教师

专用结合课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型，根据提示写篇80词左

右的短文

1.一天，山林里发生了火灾。

2.消防队员到达现场时，火势正猛。

3.在当地政府的帮助下，消防队员很快扑灭了大火。但是一名消防员

受伤了。

4.他被带到了最近的诊所，马上请来了专家。

5.时间对他来说太重要了。

6.医生和专家合作挽救了他的生命。

Onedav,afireoutbreakhappenedinthemountainforest.The

firewasragingwhenthefiremenarrivedonthescene.Assistedbvthe

localgovernment,firefighterssoontackledthefire.Butoneofthe

firemenwasiniured.Hewastakentothenearestclinicandspecialists

werecalledinimmediatelv.Timeistoovitaltohim.Doctorsand

expertscollaboratedtogethertosavehislife.

主题阅读

I.阅读理解

A

Amberhasadegreeinbusinessmanagementandeconomics.She

putherskillstogoodusewhenshespentelevenmonthsinCambodia

（柬t甫寨）throughWorldHopeInternationalasavolunteerworkingwith

alocalmicro-finance（小额信贷）companytohelpthepoorgetfinancial

services.

Amber/sfirstfewweeksinCambodiawerebusyanddifficultasshe

triedtolearnthelanguage,understandthecultureandgetusedtoher

newsurroundings.Hervolunteerserviceinvolvedworkingwithalocal

micro-financecompany.Inadditiontowritingplans,preparing

internationalmarketingmaterialsandbuildingdonor（捐赠人）relations,

Ambermetwithcompanyclients.Duringthesevisitsshelearnedhow

thesmallloanstheyreceivedtransformedtheirlives.Shelearned

first-handthebenefitsofmicro-finance,whichbyprovidingfarmers

andsmall-businessownerswithaffordableworkingcapital（suchas

moneytobuyasewingmachine）helpedthemtoearntheirwayoutof

poverty（贫穷）.

“Itneverstoppedamazingmewhenaclientwouldshowmeanew

homethatwasbuiltbecauseofaloanhereceivedorthewayaclient's

businesshadimprovedandthusallowedhischildrentobesentto

school,"Ambersaid.

AmberrecalledthatoneclientcalledPaulwalkedherallaroundhis

house,pointingtowhathehaddonewitheachofeightloanshe'd

received.Heexplainedhoweveryloanhadimprovedhisfamily'squality

oflife.Ambersaidhewasoneofthehardest-workingmenshehadever

met.HehadsufferedgreatlyintheCambodianCivilWarandbecame

disabled,butnotoncedidheletitkillhisdreamsofrealizingabetter

lifeforhisfamily.Hislatestpurchase,asoundsystemthatherented

outforweddingsandotherpartiesdoubledhisincome!

Ambersaid,'livingandworkinginCambodiahelpedmeseethe

worldinnewwaysandmademeawareofthehardshipandsuffering

thatmanypeoplearoundtheworldfaceeveryday.Thoseeleven

monthsweresomeofthemostmeaningfulmonthsofmylife."

【文章大意】Amber作为志愿者在柬埔寨生活、工作了十一个月，并

通过帮助当地人摆脱贫穷，对世界有了新的看法。

1.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.WorldHopeInternational

B.BenefitsofMicro-finance

C.Amber/sVolunteerExperienceinCambodia

D.PovertyinDevelopingCountries

选C。标题归纳题。通读全文，本文主要介绍了Amber在柬埔寨的志

愿者经历。

2.Amber'svolunteerworkinCambodiaincludedallofthefollowing

thingsEXCEPT.

A.teachingthelanguage

B.meetingwithcompanyclients

C.writingplans

D.buildingdonorrelations

选细节理解题。根据第二段的

Ao"Inadditiontowritingplans...

companyclients."可知，文章没有提到Amber教当地人语言。事实是

她本人需要克服困难学习语言，因此项不符合文意，故选

AAo

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.AmbermetwithnodifficultiesaftershearrivedinCambodia

B.AmberistheleaderofWorldHopeInternational

C.fewchildrengotoschoolbecausetherearen/tenoughschoolsin

Cambodia

D.manylocalpeopleinCambodiachangedtheirliveswiththeloans

选推理判断题。根据第二段的

Do"howthesmallloanstheyreceived

transformedtheirlives"和第三段内容可知，小额信贷项目让很多人受

益，改变了他们的生活。

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutPaulisTRUE?

A.Eachoftheloanshehadreceivedhelpedhimalot.

B.Hewaspoorbecausehedidn/tworkashardasothers.

C.Hebecamedisabledbecauseofacaraccident.

D.Heboughtasoundsystemforhiswedding.

选A。细节理解题。根据第四段的"everyloanhadimprovedhisfamily's

qualityoflife"可知，每笔小额信贷都帮助他改善了他家人的生活。

B

（2021•黄山高二检测）

Initsbesttimesonthenineteenthcentury,thatch（矛早屋顶）playedan

importantroleinprotectingBritishhomesfromtheweather.Butnew

technologiessincehaveledtoarapiddeclineinthatchingandmanyof

thethatchedcottagesthatremainhavebeenchangedbeyondall

recognitionbydevelopersorhaverunintodisrepair,aratherupsetting

reminderofabygoneage.

AWelshcompany,however,istryingtobreathenewlifeintosome

ofthelasttraditionalthatchedcottagesinwesternWalesbyrepairing

themandlettingthemoutasholidayhomes.Called“UndertheThatch",

thecompanyisrunbyGregStevenson,wholivesinhisownthatched

cottageinCeredigion.Anarchitecturalhistorianbytraining,herepairs

oldbuildingsinold-fashionedways.

AllthecottagesareinattractivelocationsaroundsouthwestWales.

Unlikemostholidayhomes,thecottagesareletallyearround—chiefly

becauseGregpricesthemlowerthanmanyholidayproperties（房屋）and

he'dpreferthatpropertiesarerentedjustabovecostpricethannot

usedatall.Andwiththatcomesabargainortwo:it'scommonfora

propertytogoforaslittleas£35anight.Consequentlyoccupancyfor

propertieswith“UndertheThatch”isat95percent（theaveragein

Walesis35percent）.

ItssuccesshasmeantthatGreghasbeenabletobuyupmoreold

cottagesandbringthembackintothecommunity.Greghasalso

diversifiedfromofferingonlythatchedcottages:henowletsouta

varietyofrareaccommodationsdottedaroundwesternstyles,including

arenovated（修复的）traincarriageandtwogypsycaravanswhichwere

usedbyRomanies.

Mostofhisthirtypropertiesarerunusingenvironmentallyfriendly

technologies—includingsolarpanelsandrecycledfurnishings.Butmost

importantly,whatthecottagesallhaveincommonisthattheybring

backlifetolocalcommunities.Spendaweekend“UndertheThatch”

ratherthaninaholidayhome,buylocalfoodandvisitnearby

restaurants,andyouwillbecontributingtothelocaleconomy.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。在英国历史上曾经发挥过积极作用的

茅草屋，被人们遗忘且数量上迅速减少，不过最近威尔士的一家公司

正试图给威尔士西部最后的一些传统茅草屋注入新的活力，这家公

司把这些茅草屋变成了复古的度假屋，并取得了成功。

5.Howdoestheauthorsoundwhentalkingaboutthatchedcottagesin

Paragraph1?

A.Excited.B.Afraid.C.Sorry.D.Humorous.

选推理判断题。根据第一段中最后一句话可知，许多保留下来的

Co

茅草屋要么被开发商改造得面目全非，要么年久失修，这让人难过地

想起了一个逝去的时代。所以可以判断出，作者在第一段中谈到茅草

屋时听起来有些难过。故选C。

6.Whatisthemainreasonforthesuccessof“UndertheThatch"?

A.Theproperties'lowprices.

B.Thecompany'sexcellentservices.

C.Thecompany'screativedesigners.

D.Theproperties'beautifullocations.

选细节理解题。根据第三段中

Ao"Unlikemostholidayhomes,the

cottagesareletallyearround.可知，与大多数度假屋不同的是这

些小屋全年出租，主要是因为Greg把它们的价格控制得比许多度假

屋要低。所以成功的主要原因是房价很低。故选

"UndertheThatch”Ao

7.Besidethatchedcottages,whatdoesGreg'scompanyprovide?

A.Designingplansformoderncottages.

B.Otheruncommonstylesofholidayhomes.

C.Environmentallyfriendlytechnologies.

D.Adviceondevelopingthelocaleconomy.

选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知,Greg的公司现在推出了各

种罕见的西方风格的住所，包括翻新后的火车车厢和两个吉卜赛人

使用的吉卜赛大篷车。所以除了茅草屋,Greg的公司还提供其他不寻

常风格的度假屋。故选B。

8.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.BuyupTraditionalThatchedCottages.

B.ProtectBritishHomesfromtheWeather.

C.SpendaWeekendUndertheThatch.

D.BringPropertiesBackintotheCommunity.

选标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是最后一段可知，作者建议游客周

Ce

末"在茅草屋下〃度过，而不是在度假屋度过。所以短文的最佳标题为

"在茅草屋下度周末"。故选C。

教师专用©【阅读多维训练】在句子"AWelshcompany,however,is

tryingtobreathenewlifeintosomeofthelasttraditionalthatched

cottagesinwesternWalesbyrepairingthemandlettingthemoutas

holidayhomes."中,breathe一词在这里是什么意思？

breathe本意是“呼吸”，在这里是“注入”的意思。

n.阅读填句

（2021•池州高二检测）

Therearelotsofskiingloversaroundtheworld.Togetthemost

outofyourtimeonthemountainyoushouldthinkthrougheachpartof

youradventure-equipment,clothing,food,andtravel.1,the

moretimeyoucanspendontheslopes.

Equipment

Yourskiingequipment—composedofyourskis,poles,bindings,

helmet,andgoggles—shouldbecheckedover,andpossiblytunedup

beforeyoupackyourbagsforthemountain.2.Inspectyourboots

tomakesuretheyfitproperly.Checkyourgogglesandputthemonwith

yourhelmettoseethattheyfitcomfortablyandofferawidefieldof

view.

Clothing

Yourjacketandsnowpantsshouldbeproperlyfittingandrecently

cleaned.Makesureyourglovesareingoodshapeandofferasenseof

comfort.3.Don/tforgetextraitemslikewarmsocks,neck

warmersandskimasksaswell.

Food

Anyonewhohaseverpurchasedlunchattheskilodgeknowsjust

howexpensiveitcanbe.Packingyourownlunchsavesyoumoneyand

getsyoubackontheslopesfaster.4,bringplentyoffluidsto

drinkonbreaksbetweenruns.

5

Knowyourwaytothemountainbeforeyouhittheroadand

considerwritingdowndirectionsifyouknowyou'reheadingintoareas

withspottyservice.Atthemountain,chooseadesignatedmeetingplace

incasethegroupbecomesseparated—aspotnearthemainliftoften

workswell.Checktheforecastandcurrentconditionsofthemountain.

Manyskiresortswillhaveliveupdatesonthenumberofopentrailsand

lifts.

A.Routesandplanning

B.Spotsandconditions

C.Ifyouarefullyprepared

D.Themorepreparedyouare

E.Whilebringingabottleofwaterwithyouonthemountainisn't

recommended

F.Besides,longunderweargoesalongwayinkeepingyourlegswarm

andcomfortable

G.Ifyouaretakingyourskisontotheslopefortheveryfirsttime,they

mayalsoneedafreshwax

【文章大意】本文为说明文，主要介绍了滑雪时应做的一些准备。

1.选D。前句介绍滑雪出行前的准备，该空后提到的是有个好的准备

的结果,故本空也应该与准备相关,而"themore...,themore..."句

式也为判断答案的依据之一。故选D。

选本段介绍滑雪装备。根据常识可知，设备使用前需打蜡，分

2.Go

析选项可知G项中的"alsoneed"与上文"Yourskiingequipment—

composedofyourskis,poles,bindings,helmet,andgoggles—shouldbe

相呼应,故选

checkedover”Go

选从小标题可知本段介绍的是（衣物几分析选项可知

3.Fo"Clothing

F项中“longunderweargoesalongwayinkeepingyourlegswarmand

comfortable"中的"longunderwear僦是属于衣服，这是提示字眼。故

选F。

4.选E。本段介绍的是"Food”,是对吃喝的准备。分析选项可知E项"不

建议你带着一瓶水上山〃符合段意，且与后文相呼应，故选

Eo

5.选A。本题考查段落小标题。分析最后一段的内容"Knowyourway

to...downdirectionsifyouknowyou'reheadingintoareaswithspotty

service.Atthemountain,chooseadesignatedmeeting.可知,本段

叙述的是路线及计划。故选A。

m.完形填空

WhenIwasakid,myparentssentmetoasummercampinNew

Hampshire.Themostmemorable1wasanovernighttripof

mountainclimbing.Ifyou'veever2amountain,youknowit'sa

physicalchallenge,3whenyou'recarryingyourfoodandshelter

onyourback.Whencampersgot4,theycertainlystarted

complaining.

“Howmuchfartherisit?"

"Ican'tgoanyfurther."

“My5istooheavy.Canyoucarryitforme?"

Thereplyofthe6was,"Suckitup/?.Thetruthisthatthe

complainingcamperswere7nearthepointof8.Iftheyhad

been,theteacherswouldhavenoticedthe9andgiventhem

care.Thekidssimplyweren/tusedtothephysicalchallenge.Oncethey

realizedtheyweren/tgettinganysympathy,they10the

discomfort,andinmostcases工工havingagreattime.

Noonelikesacomplainer.They/re工2andtheyhurtthe

group.Complainingmakeslife13foreveryone.Instead,ifyou

determinetomasteryourown14,tomovepastitandfocusona

15,it'smyexperiencethatyou/llrealizeitwasn'tbadinthefirst

place.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。"我〃小时候参加了一个夏令营，期

间和其他人一起参加夜晚登山露营活动。登山过程中，有人会抱怨走

不动了；但是后来"我〃发现，如果我们停止抱怨，坚持下去，我们的

道路并没有那么难走。

1.A.experienceB.behaviourC.occasionD.situation

选根据该句中的可知,此处

Ao"anovernighttripofmountainclimbing”

表示这是最难以忘怀的一次经历(experience)。behaviour行为；

occasion场合；situation|青形。

2.A.seenB.reached

C.climbedD.described

选C。根据上文中的“mountainclimbing"可知，此处表示“爬"(climb)山。

see看至此reach至I」达;describe描述。

3.A.especiallyB.normally

C.obviouslyD.naturally

选A。根据语境可知，爬山是一种身体上的挑战，尤其(especially)是当

你背着食物和露营装备的时候。normally正常地;obviously明显地；

naturally自然地。

4.A.ashamedB.tired

C.puzzledD.shocked

选根据语境并结合常识可知，当露营者累了的时候，他们开

Bo(tired)

始抱怨。ashamed羞愧的;puzzled困惑的;shocked震惊的。

5.A.foodB.water

C.shelterD.backpack

选根据第一段中的

Do"whenyou'recarryingyourfoodandshelteron

yourback"可知，此处表示有人抱怨自己的背包(backpack)太重。food

食物;water水;shelter遮蔽物。

6.A.parentsB.teachersC.guidesD.partners

选B。根据下文中的"theteacherswouldhavenoticed...care”可知,此

处表示"老师们(teachers)的回答"。parents父母;guides导游;

partners搭档。

7.A.somewhereB.anywhere

C.nowhereD.everywhere

选根据语境并结合常识可知，事实是，抱怨的露营者远没有

c0

(nowhere)筋疲力尽(exhaustion),nowherenear意为"远没有”。

8.A.campB.exhaustion

C.mountainD.destination

选事实是，抱怨的露营者远没有筋疲力尽。野营;

Bo(exhaustion)camp

mountainill;destination目的地。

9.A.signsB.activitiesC.gesturesD.scenes

选根据语境可知，如果有人筋疲力尽的话，老师们会注意到这种

Ao

迹象(signs),并且给予他们照顾。activities活动;gestures姿态;scenes

场面。

10.A.sharedB.understood

C.sufferedD.overcame

选根据语境可知，抱怨的人一旦意识到他们得不到同情，他们会

Do

克服(overcame)不适。shared分享；understood理解;suffered遭受。

11.A.couldn'thelpB.endedup

C.insistedonD.gaveup

选并且大多数情况下，最终玩得很开心。

Bo(endedup)couldn'thelp

禁不住;insistedon坚持;gaveup放弃。

12.A.amazingB.shocking

C.worryingD.annoying

选D。根据该句中的"theyhurtthegroup"可知，抱怨的人让人讨厌

(annoying),,amazing惊人的;shocking令人震惊的;worrying令人担忧

的。

13.A.poorerB.harderC.easierD.better

选根据语境并结合常识可推知，抱怨让每个人的生活更加艰难

Bo

(harder)0

14.A.lifeB.mind

C.sufferingD.mistake

选C。根据语境可知，相反，据“我〃的经验看，如果你决心去掌控你的

痛苦(suffering)。life生活;mind思想;mistake错误。

15.A.tripB.planC.solutionD.dream

选根据句意"据我的经验看，越过它并集中注意力于解决方法，那

Ce

么一开始你就会意识到它并不是那么糟糕〃可知此处为solution(解决

方法)。trip旅法plan计划；dream梦想。

教师

苣用【备选语篇】阅读理解

（2021•广州高二检测）

Closeyoureyesforaminuteandimaginewhatlifewouldbelikeif

youhadahundreddollarsless.Alsoimaginewhatitwouldbelike

spendingtherestofyourlifewithyoureyesclosed.Imaginehavingto

readthispage,notwithyoureyesbutwithyourfinger-tips.

Withexistingmedicalknowledgeandskills,two-thirdsofthe

world's42millionblindshouldnothavetosuffer.Unfortunately,rich

countriespossessmostofthisknowledge,whiledevelopingcountriesdo

not.

ORBISisaninternationalnon-profitorganizationwhichoperates

theworld'sonlyflyingteachingeyehospital.ORBISintendstohelpfight

blindnessworldwide.InsideaDC-8aircraft,thereisafully-equipped

teachinghospitalwithtelevisionstudioandclassroom.Doctorsare

taughtthelatesttechniquesofbringingsightbacktopeoplethere.

ProjectORBISalsoaimsatpromotingpeacefulcooperation（合作）among

countries.

ORBIStriestohelpdevelopingcountriesbyprovidingtraining

duringthree-weekmedicalprograms.ORBIShastaughtsight-saving

techniquestoover35,000doctorsandnurses,whocontinuetocure

tensofthousandsofblindpeopleeveryyear.ORBIShasconducted17

planeprogramsinChinasofar.Fortheseventotenmillionblindin

China,ORBISisplanningtodomoreforthem.Atthemomentan

ORBISisworkingonalong-termplantodevelopatrainingcenterandto

provideeyecareservicetoShanxiProvince.ORBISneedsyourhelpto

continuetheirworkandfreepeoplefromblindness.

Forjust$38,youcanhelponepersonsee;for$380youcanbring

sightto10people;$1,300helpsteachadoctornewskills;andfor$13,

000youcanprovideatrainingprogrammeforagroupofdoctorswho

canmakethousandsofblindpeopleseeagain.Yourmoneycanopen

theireyestotheworld.PleasehelpORBISimprovethequalityoflife