2025版高考英语总复习高考语法与写作专题3形容词和副词教学案外研版

PAGEPAGE1专题三形容词和副词(一)语法讲练——过学问关要点一形容词和副词的比较级与最高级1．比较级与最高级的构成(1)规则变更：[名师指津]有些形容词和副词没有程度可分或形容词和副词本身就是某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。如right,wrong,excellent,extreme,perfect,possible,empty,greatly,very等。(2)不规则变更：原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad(badly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest[名师指津]①farther和farthest分别指时间或空间上“较远”“最远”。②elder不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，且仅用于同辈之间的排行。eldersister姐姐；elderbrother哥哥。2．比较级的用法(1)比较级的常见结构①表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”结构。Thiscomputerislessexpensivethanmine.这部电脑没有我的贵。②表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变更时，用“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”，意为“越……就越……”。Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.他越忙就越感到兴奋。③不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的变更时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构，意为“越来越……”。Ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我们学校变得越来越美丽了。④表示“和……一样不……”时，用“no＋比较级＋than”结构。YouarenotallerthanI.你和我一样矮。⑤“the＋比较级＋ofthetwo＋名词”表示“两个中较……的那个”。Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.那两个男孩中较高的那个是我的哥哥。(2)比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式否定式谓语＋比较级比较级＋than＋anyother＋单数名词比较级＋than＋alltheother＋单数名词比较级＋than＋anyone/anythingelse比较级＋than＋anyoftheother＋复数名词比较级＋than＋therestof＋复数名词或不行数名词Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.这是我度过的最令人焦虑的一天。Everymorninghearrivesearlierthananyotherstudentintheclass.＝Everymorninghearrivesearlierthanalltheotherstudentsintheclass.＝Everymorninghearrivesearlierthananyoneelseintheclass.＝Everymorninghearrivesearlierthananyottheotherstudentsintheclass.＝Everymorninghearrivesearlierthantherestofstudentsintheclass.每天早上他都是班里来得最早的。(3)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather,much,still,even,far,alot,alittle,agreatdeal,(by)far,abit等。Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.学生们比以前学习更努力了。3．最高级的用法(1)(序数词＋)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语Sheisthemostactivestudentinourclass.她是我们班最活跃的学生。(2)oneof＋形容词最高级＋名词复数Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.＝Shanghaiisamongthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.上海是我国最大的城市之一。(3)常用的最高级的修饰语有byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally以及序数词等。I'dliketobuythesecondmosttexpensivecamera.我想买便宜一点的照相机。[名师指津]byfar通常用来修饰最高级，但也可修饰比较级，修饰比较级时，一般放在比较级后面，若在前面，应在两者之间加the。Thebookisbetterbyfarthanthatone.这本书要比那本书好得多。Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.他是两兄弟中较高的那一个。[热点即训]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears________(long)thannon－runners.[解析]考查副词。句中有than，故用long的比较级longer。[答案]longer2．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Hescreamsthe________(loud)ofall.[解析]考查副词最高级。依据语境和空后的ofall的修饰可知，空处应用副词的最高级。[答案]loudest3．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Even________(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.[解析]even常用来修饰形容词的比较级，故答案为worse。类似句式还有：what'sworse(更糟糕的是)，worsestill(更糟糕的是)。[答案]worse4．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof________(great)andlessimportance.[解析]本空所填之词与less是并列关系，应用比较级的形式。[答案]greaterⅡ.单句改错1．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Iwasafraidtospeakinfrontofalargergroupofpeople.____________[解析]考查形容词。此处无比较级含义，故用原级。[答案]larger→large2．(2024·浙江卷改编)Therecouldbeanevenhighcostonyourhealth.____________[解析]考查形容词的比较级。依据even并结合语境可知，此处表示“更高的代价”，故须要用high的比较级higher。[答案]higher3．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Theteenageyearsfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.____________[解析]and连接两个并列成分，前面是thebest，后面也要是最高级，因此要把worse改为worst。[答案]worse→worst4．(2024·浙江卷)WhenIwasaveryyoungchild,myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIrememberwellyearslate.____________[解析]late为形容词，later为副词，此处表示几年之后，故用later。[答案]late→later5．(2024·陕西卷)Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld,soIdecidedtoaskherforhelp.____________[解析]表示二者比较用比较级；表示三者或三者以上比较用最高级。[答案]better→best要点二形容词、副词词形变更或词性转换一、名词变形容词的方法1．一些名词，包括一些与“天气有关的名词，后面加－y可变成形容词。如rain→rainy,cloud→cloudy,wind→windy,snow→snowy等。2．一些抽象名词在其词尾加－ful可以变为形容词。如care→careful,help→helpful,use→useful等。3．一些表示国家的名词可以在其词尾加－ese或－n构成形容词。如Japan→Japanese,America→American,Australia→Australian等。留意：Canada→Canadian,China→Chinese,England→English。4．在名词后加－ous变成形容词。如danger→dangerous等。5．在名词后加－ly变成形容词。如friend→friendly,love→lovely等。6．在名词后加－less变成含有否定意义的形容词。如care→careless(马虎的),use→useless(无用的),hope→hopeless(没希望的),home→homeless(无家可归的)等。7．一些以－ence结尾的名词，把－ence改为－ent变成形容词。如difference→different,silence→silent等。8．在名词后加－al或去掉－e再加－al或－inal构成形容词。如critic→critical,nature→natural,crime→criminal等。二、形容词变副词的方法1．一般在形容词的词尾加－ly将其变成副词。如quick→quickly,slow→slowly,loud→loudly,sudden→suddenly等。2．一些以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，要把－y改为－i，再加－ly。如happy→happily,angry→angrily,lucky→luckily,heavy→heavily,noisy→noisily等。3．有些以－ble或－le结尾的形容词，去掉－e再加－y。如possible→possibly,terrible→terribly等。4．少数以－e结尾的形容词，要去掉－e再加－ly。如true→truly等。但绝大多数以－e结尾的形容词仍旧干脆加－ly。如polite→politely,wide→widely等。5．以－l结尾的形容词要在词尾加－ly，以－ll结尾的形容词要在词尾加－y。如usual→usually,careful→carefully,useful→usefully,full→fully等。[留意事项]1．以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的名词，将其变为形容词时须双写词尾的辅音字母再加－y。如：sun→sunny,fun→funny等。2．少数以不发音的－e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉－e，再加－y。如：noise→noisy,ice→icy等。[热点即训]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Runningischeap,easyandit'salways________(energy)．[解析]考查形容词。and连接两个并列分句，两个分句都表示跑步的特征，and前面的cheap和easy均为形容词，故此处应用形容词energetic作表语，意为“须要能量的，猛烈的”。[答案]energetic2．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal________(globe)fertilizerconsumption.[解析]考查形容词。此处应填globe的形容词形式作定语。[答案]global3．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbe________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.[解析]修饰动词应用副词形式。[答案]officially4．(2024·浙江卷)WhenIwasaveryyoungchild,myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIrememberwellyears________.[解析]几年之后，应是yearslater。[答案]later5．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir________(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.[解析]空格前的their是形容词性物主代词，其后应当接名词。[答案]abilityⅡ.单句改错1．(2024·四川卷)ThedishesthatIcookedwereMom'sfavoritest.____________[解析]句意：我做的菜是妈妈的最爱。本题中favorite一词误用了最高级，该词用作形容词时意为“特殊受宠爱的”，用作名词时意为“特殊宠爱的人(或事物)”。该词本身已包含最高级的含义，没有比较级或最高级。[答案]favoritest→favorite2．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.____________[解析]此处考查固定短语，befreefrom“免于”，故应把freely改为free。[答案]freely→free3．(2024·浙江卷)Ontheleft－handsideoftheclass,Icouldeasyseethefootballfield.____________[解析]修饰动词应用副词而不用形容词；修饰名词应用形容词而不用副词。[答案]easy→easily4．(2024·陕西卷)Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.____________[解析]系动词后作表语应用形容词而不用副词。[答案]well→good5．(2024·辽宁卷)Beside,Cleotendstobarkanaverageofsixhoursaday.____________[解析]beside表示“在……旁边”；besiders表示“除此之外……”，故把beside改为besides。[答案]Beside→Besides(二)语法写作——过应用关形容词和副词在书面表达中的增分点[增分技法]1．正确运用形容词和副词。①那天我病得很厉害，不幸的是，爸爸也不在家。Iwasseriouslyillthatday,butunfortunately,Dadwasn'tathome.②又惊又怕，他不知道该怎么办。Frightenedandsurprised,hewasatalosswhattodo.2．正确运用比较级、最高级。①说着简单做着难。It'seasiersaidthancarriedout.②现在，学好英语是你最最重要的事情。Atthemoment,learningEnglishwellisbyfarthemostimportantthingforyou.[巧用增分]①最终，我们到家了，又累又饿。(hungry,tired)At_last,_we_arrived_home,_hungry_and_tried.②唱歌可以使人放松，也可以帮助减轻压力。(singsongs,relaxing,reducestress)Singing_songs_is_relaxing,_which_can_help_reduce_stress.③我听说你上周病了。你现在轻一点了吗？(beill,anybetter)I_hear_that_you_were_ill_last_week._Are_you_any_better_now?④我认为英语要比数学简单得多、好玩得多。(运用much修饰比较级)I_think_English_is_much_easier_and_much_more_interesting_than_math.[专题过关训练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·河北邯郸大名一中模拟)Indeed,travellingaroundthiscountrywill________(true)giveyouanamazingexperiencebecauseofitsinterestingthingsofferedtoalltypesoftourists.[答案]truly2．Insome________(crowd)cities,thecarhaspollutedtheairsobadlythatpeoplegetsickjustfrombreathingit.[答案]crowded3．(2024·河南南阳一中模拟)Forexample,itisthoughtthatmanyphysicalproblemsandotherconditionsaremade________(bad)byanincreasedlevelofstress.[答案]worse4．MostcomputerapplicationsareinEnglish,soyouwillunderstandthem________(good)．[答案]better5．Thebetterwegetintogoodeatinghabits,the________(happy)ourlifewillbecome.[答案]happier6．(2024·湖北沙市中学模拟)Howmuch________(beautiful)shelookedwithoutherglasses![答案]morebeautifulⅡ.单句改错1．(2024·河北邯郸模拟)However,justseveraldayslate,Ibegantofeeltiredandcouldn'tconcentrateinclass.____________[答案]late→later2．(2024·陕西西安长安一中模拟)ThemoreIlearnEnglish,theeasyitbecomes.____________[答案]easy→easier3．Thegovernmentshouldclosethecitycentertoalltrafficexceptbusesandbikes,andbuildverylargercarparksoutsidethetown.____________[答案]larger→large4．(2024·吉林长春模拟)E－hongbaoisactualakindofluckymoneyfromandtorelativesandfriendsduringfestivalsoronspecialoccasions.____________[答案]actual→actually5．(2024·河南郑州模拟)Don'tpanicorgetoutofline,andtrytoremainquietandcalmly.____________[答案]calmly→calmⅢ.写作训练1．运用语法写靓句①最终，我们到家了，又累又饿。(arrive,tried)____________________________________②我听说你上周病了。你现在好一点了吗？(ill,better)____________________________________③我认为英语要比数学简单得多、好玩得多。(运用much修饰比较级)____________________________________④说着简单做着难。(carryout)____________________________________⑤现在，学好英语是你最重要的事情。(moment,byfar)____________________________________⑥而且，网络也起着重要作用。(play)____________________________________[答案]①Atlast,wearrivedhome,tiredandhungry.②Ihearthatyouwereilllastweek.Areyouanybetternow?③IthinkEnglishismucheasierandmuchmoreinterestingthanmath.④It'seasiersaidthancarriedout.⑤Atthemoment,learningEnglishwellisbyfarthemostimportantthingforyou.⑥Morever,theInternetalsoplaysanimportantpart.2．语法填空(2024·湖南郴州模拟)Highinthickbambooforestsinthemisty,①____________(rain)mountainsofsouthwesternChina②____________(live)oneoftheworld'srarestmammals:thegiantpanda,alsocalledthepanda.Onlyabout1,000oftheseblack－and－white③____________(relative)ofbearssurviveinthewild.Pandaseatalmostnothing④____________bambooshootsandleaves.⑤____________(occasion)theyeatotherplants,fish,orsmallanimais,butbambooaccounts⑥____________99percentoftheirdiets.Pandaseatfast;theyeatalot,andtheyspendabout12hoursaday⑦____________(do)it.Thereasonisthattheydigestonlyabouta⑧____________(five)ofwhattheyeat.Overall,bambooisnotverynutritious.Tostayhealthy,theyhavetoeatalot—upto15percentoftheirbodyweightin12hours—sotheyeatfast.Pandas'molars(臼齿)areverybroadandflat.Theshapeoftheseteethhelpstheanimalscrushthebambooshoots,leaves,andstemstheyeat.⑨____________(get)thebamboototheirmouths,theyholdthestemswiththeirfrontclaws,whichhaveenlargedwristbonesthatactasthumbsforgraspingthings.Apandashouldhaveatleasttwobamboospecieswhereitlives,oritwillstarve.Pandasareshy;theyneverleaveareas⑩____________theylive.Thisrestrictspandastoverylimitedareas.[答案]①rainy②lives③relatives④but⑤Occasionally⑥for⑦doing⑧fifth⑨Toget⑩where3．短文改错(2024·德州模拟)Ihavebeenawayfrommyhometownformorethantenyears.Iheardofthatgreatchangeshavetakenplacehere.Inthepast,thereusedtobeingaclearriverrunningthroughit.Peopleworkedhardallyearroundbutliveapoorlife.Nowpeople'sdreamoflivingaricherlifehavecometrue.Tallbuildingscanbeseensomewhere,butpollutionisalsobecomingmoreseriously.Toourhappy,peoplehaverealizedmostimportanttaskistoprotect