2025版高考英语一轮复习核心素养测评十四必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars含解析新人教版

PAGE核心素养测评十四必修3Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AThereisanancientChinesestoryaboutagiantmannamedKuaFuwhochasesthesun.Hedrains(喝干)theYellowandWeiriversduringhisraceandfinallydiesofdehydration(脱水).Hisfailurehasremindedpeopleoftheunstoppablepowerofthesunforcenturies.Andyet,scientiststhroughouthistoryhavetriedtobetterunderstandthemostimportantstarinoursky.OnAug12,2024,NASAlaunchedtheParkerSolarProbe(探测器),markingthestartofitstriptothesun.TheprobeitselfisalmostasbigasacarandneededthehelpofapowerfulrockettoescapeEarth’sorbit,changedirectionandreachthesun.Inordertoreachthesun,theprobemustcompletesevenflightsofVenus,usingthepoweroftheplanet’sgravitytochangeitspath,sendingittowardthesun.Butthat’snottheonlydifficultpartofthejourney.Astheprobeapproachesthesun’scorona(日冕),itwillhavetobeartemperaturesreaching1,400℃,aswellasdealwithseriousradiation.Sohowwilltheprobesurvive?AccordingtoNASA,aspecialshield(爱护罩)hasbeenused,whichisaspecial11.5cm-thickcarbon-compositeshieldthatwillbepositionedbetweentheprobeandthesun’scorona.Itsadvancedtechnologylikethiswillmaketheprobe’striptothesunmuchsmoother.Ifeverythinggoesasplanned,theprobewillreachaspeedof692,018kilometersperhourasitorbitsthesun,settinganewrecordforthefastestman-madeobjectinhistory,NBCnoted.Itwillflyclosetothesun24timesbetween2024and2025,NBCadded.The“missiontotouchthesun”will“notonlymakehistorybyansweringquestionsthathavepuzzledscientistsfordecades,butitmayalsoleadtothediscoveryofnewphenomenathatarecompletelyunknowntousnow,”RaouafitoldDiscoveryMagazine.“Thismissionhasthepotentialtopushsolarresearchintoanewdirection,”headded.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。古有“夸父逐日”的故事,自古至今人们始终未停止对太阳的探究。近日,美国国家航空航天局放射了帕克太阳探究器,人类“逐日”的幻想最终要实现了。1.Whatdoes“it”underlinedinparagraph2referto?A.Apowerfulrocket. B.Theprobe.C.Venus. D.Theplanet’sgravity.【解析】选B。词义揣测题。依据其次段的Inordertoreachthesun,theprobemustcompletesevenflightsofVenus可知,此处是指利用行星引力的力气变更探测器的路径,使它朝向太阳,因此,此处的it是指probe,故选B。2.WhatdoweknowabouttheParkerSolarProbe?A.It’sthefastestprobeeverdesigned.B.Ithasan11.5-inch-thickshield.C.Itwasdesignedtocarryapowerfulrocket.D.It’stwicethesizeofacar.【解析】选A。细微环节理解题。依据第三段的Ifeverythinggoesasplanned,theprobewillreachaspeedof692,018kilometersperhourasitorbitsthesun,settinganewrecordforthefastestman-madeobjectinhistory,NBCnoted.可知,theParkerSolarProbe是曾被设计的最快的探测器,故选A。3.Theprobewillmeetthechallengesexcept________.

A.theroutetothesunB.theheatnearthesunC.thedistancetothesunD.theradiationfromthesun【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。依据其次段的theprobemustcompletesevenflightsofVenus,usingthepoweroftheplanet’sgravitytochangeitspath和Astheprobeapproachesthesun’scorona,itwillhavetobeartemperaturesreaching1,400℃,aswellasdealwithseriousradiation.可知,探测器将会遇到去太阳的路途、太阳的温度和太阳辐射的挑战,但没有到太阳的距离问题,故选C。4.What’sthemainpurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Tostresstheimportanceofadvancedtechnology.B.Toprovethemissionisthegreatestmoveinhumanhistory.C.Tosuggestthereisalongwaytogoinsolarexploration.D.Toshowthemissionwillfillthegapinsolarresearch.【解析】选D。推理推断题。依据上文主要介绍了“触日任务”,再结合本段内容,尤其是Thismissionhasthepotentialtopushsolarresearchintoanewdirection.由此可推断出,本段的目的是证明这一任务将填补太阳能探讨的空白,故选D。【学问拓展】难句分析

Ifeverythinggoesasplanned,theprobewillreachaspeedof692,018kilometersperhourasitorbitsthesun,settinganewrecordforthefastestman-madeobjectinhistory,NBCnoted.

分析:本句是一个复合句。句中if引导条件状语从句,从句中含有一个as引导的方式状语从句的省略(asitisplanned);as引导时间状语从句;settinganewrecordforthefastestman-madeobjectinhistory为现在分词作结果状语。

翻译:NBC指出,假如一切如安排的那样,探测器在绕太阳轨道运转的时候会达到692,018千米每小时的速度,创了历史上人造物体的最快速度。BAccordingtotheGuinnessWorldRecords,aSitkaSpruce(锡特卡云杉)growingonNewZealand’ssouthernmostislandistheloneliesttreeonEarth.NotonlyisittheonlytreeonCampbellIsland,butthenearestothertreecanbefoundover200kmawayontheAucklandBluff,CampbellIslandisoneoftheItisbelievedthattheSitkaSpruceonCampbellIslandwasplantedbyLordRanfurly,aformergovernorofNewZealand,sometimebetween1901and1907.It’snotclearwhyhedecidedtoplantthere,butaccordingtosomesourceshesaidthattheislandwasnotproductive,andtookthefirststeptocoveritwithforestry.Hisideawasnevergoingtoworkbecauseoftheharshclimateofthearea,butsomehowtheSitkaSprucesurvived.ApartfromitsreputationastheloneliesttreeonEarth,theSitkaSpruceofCampbellIslandhasaseriesofotherparticularities.Firstofallitsshapemakesitlookmorelikeagiantcauliflowerthanatree.Thisisbelievedtohavebeencausedbyrepeatedlycuttingdownitstrunkeveryyear,fordecades.Anotherinterestingthingabouttheworld’sloneliesttreeisthat,thoughitisover100yearsold,ithasneverproducedcones(球果).Whoknewalonelytreegrowing200kmawayfromitsnearestcousinscouldbesointeresting?【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍世界上最孤独的树。5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“harshest”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Loneliest.B.Rarest.C.Hottest. D.Severest.【解析】选D。词义揣测题。依据其次段中Withstrongwindsblowingalmostallyearroundandlessthan600hoursofsunshine,it’snotexactlyagoodplacetolivein“这里一年四季都有强风,日照不足600小时,不太适合居住,”由此推知划线词的意思是“猛烈的,严峻的”。故选D。6.WhatcanbelearnedaboutLordRanfurly?A.Hewasagovernorfortenyears.B.HemadeCampbellC.HeattemptedtogetCampbellD.HerealizedtheSitkaSprucecouldsurviveinNewZealand.【解析】选C。推理推断题。依据第三段butaccordingtosomesourceshesaidthattheislandwasnotproductive,andtookthefirststeptocoveritwithforestry.可知,关于LordRanfurly我们能了解到他试图让CampbellIsland森林化。故选C。7.Paragraph4ismainlyabout________oftheSitkaSpruce.

A.theuniqueshape B.thespecialfeaturesC.thehighreputation D.thegrowthprocess【解析】选B。段落大意题。依据第四段第一句ApartfromitsreputationastheloneliesttreeonEarth,theSitkaSpruceofCampbellIslandhasaseriesofotherparticularities.可知,第四段主要是关于theSitkaSpruce的特点。故选B。8.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tointroducetheloneliesttreeintheworld.B.TopromotetourismonCampbellC.Toemphasizetheimportanceofforestry.D.TohonourLordRanfurly.【解析】选A。目的意图题。依据倒数其次段中Firstofallitsshapemakesitlookmorelikeagiantcauliflowerthanatree.Thisisbelievedtohavebeencausedbyrepeatedlycuttingdownitstrunkeveryyear,fordecades.Anotherinterestingthingabouttheworld’sloneliesttreeisthat,thoughitisover100yearsold,ithasneverproducedcones.可知,这篇文章的目的是介绍世界上最孤独的树。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空AfterIstruggledtogetovermyfirstwifeCeorgia’sdeath,mylifefinallyreturnedtonormal.Butafewweeksaftershewascalledtoheaven,Iwascookingdinnerformysonandmyself.Fora1,Idecidedonfrozenpeas.AsIwascuttingopenthebag,it2frommyhandsandcrashedtothefloor.Thepeasrolledeverywhere.Itriedtousea3,butwitheachswipethepeasrolledacrossthekitchen,bouncedoffthewallontheothersideandrolledinanother4.

Mymentalstateatthetimewas5.Losingmywifeisanunbearablepain.Igotonmyhandsandkneesandpulledthemintoa6.IwashalflaughingandhalfcryingasIcollectedthem.Icouldseethehumorinwhathappened,7itdoesn’ttakemuchforapersondealingwithgrief(哀思)tobreakdown.

Forthenextweek,everytimeIwasinthekitchen,Iwouldfindapeathathad8myfirstcleanup.EightmonthslaterI9therefrigeratortoclean,andfoundthosefewremainingpeas.Atthattime,Iwasinanew10withawonderfulwomanImetataparty.Afterwemarried,Iwas11ofthosepeasundertherefrigerator.Isensedthatmylifehadbeenlikethatbagoffrozenpeas.Mywifewas12.Iwasinanewcitywithabusyjobandasonhavingtroubleadjustingtohisnew13andthelossofhismother.Mywholelifeisfallingapart.

Whenlifegetsyoudown;whenyouthinkyoucannever14thetoughtimes,remember,itisjustabagofscattered,frozenpeas.Youwillfindallthepeas.Whenyoupullallthepeastogether,lifewillbe15again.

【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。作者的妻子去世了,作者感到生活完全破裂了。后来作者意识到:困难时期就像一袋散了的冻豌豆。最终会找到全部散落的豌豆,渡过艰难时期,生活终将变得完整。1.A.fruit B.vegetableC.meat D.salad【解析】选B。fruit水果;vegetable蔬菜;meat肉;salad沙拉。peas属于蔬菜类,故B选项正确。2.A.slipped B.disappearedC.crawled D.lost【解析】选A。slip滑,滑倒;disappear消逝;crawl爬,爬行;lose失去。依据下文中“Thepeasrolledeverywhere”可以推知,作者在剪开袋子的时候,袋子从作者的手里滑了下去,掉到了地板上。豌豆滚得到处都是。故A选项正确。3.A.tool B.clothC.brush D.broom【解析】选D。tool工具;cloth布;brush刷子;broom扫帚。依据后面的eachswipe可知,作者用扫帚扫掉到地上的豌豆。故D选项正确。4.A.disagreement B.effortC.direction D.companion【解析】选C。disagreement异议,分歧;effort努力;direction方向;companion同伴。豌豆从另一边的墙上反弹过来,向另一个方向滚去。C选项正确。5.A.fragile B.gentleC.potential D.ambitious【解析】选A。fragile易碎的;gentle温顺的;potential有潜力的;ambitious有雄心的,有野心的。依据下文中的“Iwashalflaughingandhalfcrying”可知,当时作者的精神状态几近崩溃,很脆弱,妻子的去世对他打击很大。故A选项正确。6.A.piece B.partC.pile D.line【解析】选C。piece片,条;part部分;pile堆;line线。作者四肢着地,将豌豆归拢到一起,堆成一堆。C选项正确。7.A.and B.orC.so D.but【解析】选D。前一句提到:我能从所发生的事情中看出幽默。后一句提到:一个经验哀痛的人不须要太多的时间就能崩溃。很明显,前后两句之间是转折关系。故D选项正确。8.A.attracted B.destroyedC.escaped D.buried【解析】选C。attract吸引;destroy毁坏;escape逃脱;bury安葬。接下来的一周里,每次作者在厨房里的时候,都会找到一颗最初“逃过”清理的豌豆。故C选项正确。9.A.pickedout B.setoutC.pulledout D.figuredout【解析】选C。pickout选择出;setout动身,动身;pullout拉出,抽出;figureout弄清晰,弄明白。依据下文中的“thosepeasundertherefrigerator”可知,作者为了清理,要把冰箱从原地拉出来,这样才能发觉冰箱下面的豌豆。故C选项正确。10.A.concern B.moodC.connection D.relationship【解析】选D。concern担忧,关切;mood心情;connection连接;relationship关系。作者和聚会上遇到的一位女士起先了一段新的(恋爱)关系。故D选项正确。11.A.informed B.remindedC.accused D.required【解析】选B。inform通知,告知;remind提示;accuse指控;require要求。下文的内容都是作者通过“豌豆事务”感悟出来的。也就是说:那些豌豆“提示”了作者这些道理。故B选项正确。12.A.gone B.asleepC.fortunate D.severe【解析】选A。gone离开的,过去的;asleep睡着的;fortunate幸运的;severe严峻的。第一段提到作者的妻子去世了,即离开了。故A选项正确。13.A.friends B.timesC.lessons D.surroundings【解析】选D。friend挚友;time次数,倍数;lesson教训,功课;surroundings四周环境。依据前面的“anewcity”可知,作者和儿子在一个新的城市生活,儿子必须要适应新的环境,还要适应母亲去世这个事实。故D选项正确。14.A.takeoff B.giveawayC.getthrough D.holdup【解析】选C。takeoff起飞;giveaway赠送,泄露;getthrough完成,渡过,通过;holdup举起,支撑。当你认为你恒久也不行能渡过艰难时期的时候,记住:这只不过是一袋散了的冻豌豆。你总会找到全部散落的豌豆(暗指你总会渡过艰难时期)。C选项正确。15.A.clear B.wholeC.correct D.complex【解析】选B。clear清晰的;whole完整的,完全的;correct正确的;complex困难的。当你将全部的豌豆聚集到一起的时候,(破裂的)生活将会再次变得完整。故B选项正确。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Threehundredyearsago,themaohouor“hairymonkeys”quicklybecamemuchlovedbythepeopleinBeijing.Howdidsomebodycomeupwiththem?Thestory1.________(go)thattheshopkeeperofaChinesemedicineshopwasoftenseenshoutingathisemployees.Oneeveninganapprenticewastidyinguptheingredients(原料)2.(use)tomakeChinesemedicinesintheshop.Topassthetime,hefound3.________(he)makingalittlefigureoutofthefeatheryflowersandtheheadandlegsofacicada’s(蝉)skin.Theapprenticeshowedittohiscolleagues,4.(joke)thatitlookedliketheirbad-temperedboss.

Thelittlecreaturebecamesuch5.________hitthattheystartedmakingmorefigures.Thus,Beijing’sunbelievablecraftof“hairymonkey”making6._______(born).

Nowadays,“hairymonkeys”arefar7.themostpopularchildren’sgiftsonthemarketinBeijing.Mass-prod