2025高考英语步步高大一轮复习讲义人教版知识清单1必修第三册　Unit 5　The Value of Money

2025高考英语步步高大一轮复习讲义人教版知识清单1Unit5TheValueofMoney1．ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth，aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread(熟词生义：v.写着)，“GiveWhatYouCan，TakeWhatYouNeed.”2．Peoplequicklycaughton(理解)．3．Thevideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinning(show的复合结构：show＋宾语＋宾补)ittotheboard.4．Increasingly，peoplesaytheywanttobuyfrombrandsthatgivethemasenseofpurpose(意义感)．5．Surelyayogurtthathelpedtheneedywouldbeappealing(吸引人的)．appealingadj.吸引人的，有感染力的appealv．呼吁，恳求；上诉，申诉；有吸引力，引起兴趣短语：appealto呼吁；吸引Weappealto(呼吁)everyonetodosomethingtohelpprotectourenvironment.Sporthasbecomeanimportantformofentertainment，appealingto(吸引)bothmenandwomen.appealn．呼吁；吸引力；申诉Thegovernmenthaslaunchedanappeal(呼吁)tothepublictoraisemoneyforthesickkid.6.ButJuntoswasafailure.(此处failure为可数名词，意为“失败的人或事物”)7．Theyremindedsometofocuson(remindsbtodosth提醒某人做某事)the“purposefulandvaluable”aspectwhileothersweretoldto“enjoythemselves”andfocuson“delightandpleasure”．8．Theyfoundthatparticipantswhoprioritized(优先考虑)meaningpreferredthelessexpensiveproductwhencomparedwith(与……相比)peoplewhoputpleasureinthefirstplace.9．Instead，theywereoccupiedwith(忙于)whatelsetheycoulddowiththeirmoney.10．Iamallfor(befor赞成)peoplemakingwiseandstrategicfinancialchoices.11．Inexpensiveoptionsoftendonotlast(熟词生义，此处为动词，意为“持续”)aslongasthehigher-endones.12．Plus，thatspendingpatterncandogreaterdamageto(对……造成破坏)theenvironment.13．Afewyearsafterdroppingoutofcollege(辍学)andgettingmarried，shehadtwokidsandthuswasjustbusywithfamily，andthatcollegediplomaseemedfaraway.14．Nowagrandmotherof17，Joycesaidwhile(引导让步状语从句)shedidn’tthinkmuchaboutreturningtocollege，itwasalwaysawish.15．Withthehelpofheradultchildren，Joyce，whowastoooldtodrive(“too＋形容词或副词＋to＋动词原形”结构，通常翻译成“太……而不能……”)，begantakingonlineclassesusingacomputerforthefirsttime.16．“WangDao”isnotonlythenameofChenbutalsomeansinsistingon(坚持)thepathoftruth.17．ItvividlypresentsasceneinwhichChenwassoabsorbedin(全神贯注于)histranslationthathemadeanamusingmistake.18．“Theuniversitydecidedtomakethefilmtopromotethenoblecharacterofourlate(熟词生义，此处意为“已故的”)headmaster，ChenWangdao，andwehopehispursuitforabrightfutureofChinacancontinuetoinspiretheyoungpeople，”saidQiuXin，PartyChiefofFudanUniversity.选择性必修第二册Unit1ScienceandScientists1．Herfamilyisfamousfor(因……而出名；befamousas作为……而出名)producingthreefamouswomenscientists，includinghertwosisters.2．Thecouplemadegreatdiscoveriesinthefieldofuraniumfission(铀核裂变)，whichdrewglobalattention(吸引全球的关注)andearnedthemworldwidereputations(赢得世界声誉)，alsomarkingamilestoneinthedevelopmentofChina’sexperimentalfissionphysics.3．Shepassedaway(去世)inBeijingin2011attheageof97，nearly20yearsafterQianSanqiang.4．Shededicatedherselfto(致力于……)science，livingasimplelife，alwaysnurturingyoungresearchersandmaintainingthehigheststandardsthatshehadalwaysvalued.(由and连接的三个并列的现在分词短语作状语；that引导定语从句修饰standards)5．Anti-mistingsprays(喷雾剂)areonewaytodealwith(处理)suchfogging.6．Anotherapproach(方法)istofixwithinthethingtobedemistedasetofelectricallypoweredheatingwires.approachn．方法；途径；接近v．接近；靠近anapproachto...(做某事的)方法/途径attheapproachof在快到……的时候beapproaching将要来临7．Itsdemistingpropertiesarepowered(熟词生义：驱动，推动)bysunlight.8．Goldactsas(充当)amediumintheheatingprocess.9．Thenetworkwillnowabsorbheatifleftinthesunshine.(状语从句的省略)10．Glasscoated(熟词生义：给……涂上)withMrHachler’sandDrPoulikakos’sinventionis，theyclaim，fourtimesmoreeffectiveatpreventingfogthananuncountedsurface.(倍数表达)11．Canyoudrawanimageofwhatyouthinkatypicaldayintheforestduringspringwouldlooklike?(what引导的宾语从句作介词of的宾语)12．AsIwrappedupthepiece，therefollowedashortsilence(完全倒装)beforeKatesaid...13．Sometimesall(此处为省略that的定语从句)weneedistouseourcreativityandtrydifferentmethodswhenfacingdifficulties(状语从句的省略)．14．Ialsolearnedavaluableproblem-solvingskill，which(引导非限制性定语从句)Iappliedto(应用于)mydailylife.applyto...for...向……申请……apply...to...把……应用在……上；把……涂抹在……上applyoneselfto(doing)sth致力于/集中精力于……applicantn．申请人applicationn．申请；应用15．...24-year-oldAlexWongfoundhimselfstruggling(find＋宾语＋宾补)withhismentalhealth.16．Itwasduringthistimethat(强调句型)Wongfeltthatheneededtofindpurposeandmeaninginhislife...17．Helpingmyhomelessfriends(动名词短语作主语)hasgivenmydaysnewmeaningandpurposeandmademerealizehowgoodlifecanbe(how引导宾语从句作realize的宾语)．Unit2BridgingCultures1．IhaveheardaboutthisplaceeversinceIgotmarried.(since引导时间状语从句，主句谓语常用现在完成时)2．Iendedupvisiting(endupdoing最终做，结果……)itsixyearsafterbeingmarried.3．Anyway，Iwasallsettohaveavery“average”(熟词生义：普通的，一般的)experienceinthesouthofItalyineverysensebutIwasinforasurprise.4．That’sbecauseIhavevisitedalotofamazingbeachesandislands.(because引导表语从句，意为“这是因为……”)5．Ifthere’sonecountrythat’ssoculturallypowerfulthat(如此……以至于……)everyonehastoexperienceitatleastonce，ithasgottobeItaly.so＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(adj./adv.,adj.＋an＋n.,many/much/few/little少＋n.))＋that从句6．Facedwith(过去分词短语作状语)manychallenges，heworkedtirelesslytodevelopchairskillsandconditioningthatmadehimmoreexplosive.7．AsIappliedtograduateschool，IknewIwouldplaywhereverIwasplanningtogo(wherever引导地点状语从句)．8．UniversityofMichiganAdaptiveSportsandFitnesswasformedin2018toaddress(熟词生义：解决)theinequitableaccesstophysicalactivityopportunities，competitiveandrecreational，forstudentswithdisabilitiesatUniversityofMichigan.9．TheBirdLanguageDiversitywebappwillhelpprovidea“birdseyeview”，ensuringvitalinformationissharedtoimproveworldwideconservation(现在分词短语作状语)．10．Withoutenoughsharingofinformation，thiscanaffect(影响)theeffectivenessofconservationmeasures.(1)beaffectedby受……的影响；被……感动beaffectedwith感染……疾病(2)effectn．作用；影响haveaneffecton对……产生影响11．Itisclassifiedas(被归类为……)vulnerablespecies(易危物种)andcrosses108countriesinEurope，AsiaandnorthAfrica，whereatotalof(总共，总计)75officiallanguagesarespoken.12．...andisthereasonwhywe’reworkinghardtoimprovesciencecommunicationacrosslanguages.(why引导定语从句，修饰thereason)13．Myuniversityislocatedin(位于，坐落于)Moscow，thecapitalofRussia，whichisacitywithalonghistory.14．Thesecond(the＋瞬间名词moment，minute，instant，second等，意为“一……就……”，相当于assoonas)Isteppedoutof(走出)theairport，Iimmediatelyfelthowcolditwasoutside.15．Igraduallyovercamethedifficultiesofstudyingabroadandcametoadjustto(适应)mynewenvironment.adjustv．调整，调节；适应，习惯adjust(oneself)tosth/doingsth(使自己)适应……；(使自己)习惯……Atfirst，Ifindithardtoadjustmyselftothenewclass.adjustmentn．调整；调节；适应adjustableadj.可调整的，可调节的16．Thefirstchallengewasthelanguagebarrier(语言障碍)．17．AfterlearningRussianinChina，Irealizedthatmyskillswerenowherenearenough(远远不够)．18．Ticketsforconcertsandculturaleventsherearerelativelycheap，makingiteasytoenrichmylifeonweekends.(现在分词短语作结果状语；makeit＋adj.＋todo)Unit3FoodandCulture1．FrancoBergaminoislikeasurprise“hiddenrecipe”amongyoungpeopleinsouthwestChina’sChongqingMunicipality，where(where引导非限制性定语从句)the62-year-oldItalianchefruns(经营)adesserthousecalledMimosa(过去分词短语作后置定语修饰adesserthouse)．2．Thedesserthouseserveswinejellywithgreenpeppercheese，jasminemousseandpeach-Oolongcake—fusion(融合)dessertsthatcombineItalianspecialtieswith(combineAwithB把A与B结合起来)localChineseingredients(原料)．3．In2016，hesettledinChongqingandsetup(建立，创立)adessertworkshop.4．Mimosa’sconsumersaremainlybetween25and35，agroupthatismorewillingto(bewillingtodo乐意做某事)tryoverseastastespartlydueto(因为，由于)China’scontinuedopeningtotheoutsideworld.5．“IhopeIcanliveto95andstillwork，”hesaid，sothat(引导目的状语从句)hecan，besidesbringingauthenticItaliandessertstomorecustomershavingasweettooth...6．Here’sarecipeforagoodanimalrescuestory：Takeoneresidentialcreek(小溪)，addonelonedolphinandthenbringin28determined(adj.坚决的；有决心的；意志坚定的)biologists.bedeterminedtodosth决心做某事(表状态)determinev．决定；查明；裁决determinetodosth决心做某事(表动作)determinationn．坚定；决心7．BiologistswithClearwaterMarineAquariumhadbeenmonitoring(过去完成进行时表示动作的持续)itsinceJan.1.8．ClearwaterMarineAquariumpartnered(熟词生义：与……合作)withNOAAFisheriesandtheFloridaFish&WildlifeConservationCommissiontoguardthedolphintosafety.9．Thebiologistshadtostayshouldertoshoulder(肩并肩地)andnavigate[熟词生义：小心翼翼地绕过(障碍)]treesanddockswithoutgivingthedolphinanopportunitytoslipby.10．Thehumanencouragementworked(奏效，起作用)，thoughtherewasamomentofuncertaintyas(as引导时间状语从句)theteammembersneared(near此处用作动词，意为：接近，靠近)thebridgeandweren’tsureifthedolphinwentthrough.(if引导宾语从句)11．Daysearlier，SarahBellamyhadreceivedamysteriousemailsaying(现在分词作定语修饰email)that(that引导宾语从句作saying的宾语)awealthmanagementcompanywasinterestedindiscussingthefinancialcrisisofPenumbra.12．Asthisstorywenttopress，Scotthadjustdonatedherlatestmoneybomb(熟词生义：很多钱)，revealinginlateMarchthatshe’dgivenaway(捐赠)$3.9billion.13．TheWentianlabmodulewaslaunchedfromtheWenchangspacebase(n.基地)onthetropicalislandprovinceofHainanwithalargecrowdofamateurphotographersandspaceloverswatching(with复合结构作伴随状语)．base...on/upon...把……建立在……；以……为根据bebasedon/upon以……为根据(基础)basisn．原因；基础onadaily/regularbasis每天/定期basicadj.基本的；基础的14．After13hoursofflight，itsuccessfully(adv.成功地；n.success；v.succeed；adj.successful)docked(对接)withtheTiangongstation’smainTianhelivingmoduleat3：13a．m.15．TheWentianwasdesignedfor(为……而设计)scienceandbiologyexperiments，anditsfeatureisthat(that引导表语从句)the23-tonlabmodulewasheavierthananyothersingle-modulespacecraftcurrentlyinspace.(1)bedesignedfor.../todosth为……而设计/旨在做……(2)bydesign(＝onpurpose)故意地，蓄意地byaccident/bychance偶然地16．China’sspaceprogramlauncheditsfirstastronautintoorbitin2003，makingitonlythethirdcountrytodosoonitsown.(不定式作后置定语修饰thethirdcountry)(1)当中心词是序数词或中心词被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有thenext，theonly，thelast等时，常用不定式作后置定语。(2)一些抽象名词常用动词不定式作后置定语，常见的抽象名词有：ability，chance，ambition，attempt，belief等。Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLand1．Thewalkingtour，whichcovers(行走一段路程)1.2milesataleisurelypace，focuseson(集中注意力于；特别关注)theneighborhoodlocated(过去分词作定语)undertheSydneyHarbourBridge.cover一词多义v．覆盖；够付(费用)；行走(一段路程)；涉及；报道；掩饰n．封皮2．Plus，youcanseetheshorelineofSydneyCoveaswellas(和；还)viewsofSydneyOperaHouse.(1)aswellas“既……又……”，可连接两个平行结构(2)aswellas连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致3．Childrenmustbeaccompaniedby(由……陪伴)anadult.4．Itinstructedmetoturnrightoncemore.Witheveryturn，thestreetnarrowed(熟词生义：变狭窄)．5．Thenewroadwasevennarrower，thewallssocloseyoufeelhardtoholdyourbreath(屏住呼吸)．takeadeepbreath深吸一口气outofbreath上气不接下气6．Thedrivergestured(熟词生义：打手势)，telling(现在分词作伴随状语)meI’llhavetomakeway.7．Ididn’thavethenerve(熟词生义：勇气)tobackupalongtheimpossiblynarrowroad.8．Fooddesertsaregenerallyclassifiedasgeographicregionswherepeoplehavefeworlimitedoptionstopurchasenutritiousandaffordable(负担得起的)foodslikevegetablesandfruits.动词加后缀-able可以构成形容词，如：available可用的，可获得的；comfortable令人舒适的；remarkable引人注目的，非凡的；considerable相当大的，相当重要的；acceptable可接受的；sustainable可持续的；drinkable可饮用的；adjustable可调整的；reasonable有道理的，合情理的；favorable有利的；赞成的；valuable值钱的，贵重的；reliable可靠的，可信赖的，等等。9．Urbanareaslackingaccessto(接触/使用权)freshfoodsaregenerallydividedbyracialandeconomiclines.have/gain/getaccessto有接近/使用……的机会或权利beaccessibleto……是可以接近/使用的10．...alackofaccesstoavehicleandlimited(adj.有限的；v.&n．limit限制n．limitation限制，局限)ornonexistentpublictransportationcontributeto(导致)foodaccessibilitychallenges.contributeto为……做贡献；有助于；促成contribute...to...为……捐款；向……投稿makeacontribution/contributionsto(doing)sth为(做)某事做出贡献11．Evenpublicutility(设施)challenges，likepoorlymaintainedroads，canpreventbigcompaniesfrom(阻止……)settingupshopsinneighborhoodsthatmostneedtheirgoodsandservices，accordingtoHarvardBusinessReview.12．There，youwillfindyourselfdrawninandinspired(adj.受到鼓舞的；adj.inspiring鼓舞人心的；n.inspiration灵感)！(find＋宾语＋宾补)13．Theyalsodesignexhibitionsrelatedtovisualarts，industrialinnovationsandanythingthat(先行词为不定代词，只能由that引导定语从句)inspiresanindividualtolearnaboutthepastandcreatenewpathstothefuture.14．Theywillsurelybeanexcitingpartoftheeducationalexperiencewiththemainpurposetoexposechildrento(让某人接触……)knowledgeofvariousfieldsandexpandtheirhorizons.15．Theyhaveactivitiesandexhibitionsthroughwhich(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)visitorscanlearnaboutlocalhistory.Unit5FirstAid1．Takingabriefmomenttoseekhelpisoftenthebestfirstresponse(n.回应；v.respond对……作出回应，与to连用)．2．Butbeforeanambulancecangettothescene，theimmediatefirstaidattendancetoanyonewho(who引导的定语从句修饰anyone)isinjuredseriouslymakesadifference(有影响，起作用)betweenlifeanddeath.3．Thisisacoursedesignedtoprovide(过去分词短语作后置定语)awidevarietyof(多种多样的)healthcareprofessionalswiththeabilitytorecognizeseverallife-threateningemergencies...4．Inconv