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2025高考英语步步高大一轮复习讲义人教版知识清单1Unit5TheValueofMoney1.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread(熟词生义:v.写着),“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”2.Peoplequicklycaughton(理解).3.Thevideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinning(show的复合结构:show+宾语+宾补)ittotheboard.4.Increasingly,peoplesaytheywanttobuyfrombrandsthatgivethemasenseofpurpose(意义感).5.Surelyayogurtthathelpedtheneedywouldbeappealing(吸引人的).appealingadj.吸引人的,有感染力的appealv.呼吁,恳求;上诉,申诉;有吸引力,引起兴趣短语:appealto呼吁;吸引Weappealto(呼吁)everyonetodosomethingtohelpprotectourenvironment.Sporthasbecomeanimportantformofentertainment,appealingto(吸引)bothmenandwomen.appealn.呼吁;吸引力;申诉Thegovernmenthaslaunchedanappeal(呼吁)tothepublictoraisemoneyforthesickkid.6.ButJuntoswasafailure.(此处failure为可数名词,意为“失败的人或事物”)7.Theyremindedsometofocuson(remindsbtodosth提醒某人做某事)the“purposefulandvaluable”aspectwhileothersweretoldto“enjoythemselves”andfocuson“delightandpleasure”.8.Theyfoundthatparticipantswhoprioritized(优先考虑)meaningpreferredthelessexpensiveproductwhencomparedwith(与……相比)peoplewhoputpleasureinthefirstplace.9.Instead,theywereoccupiedwith(忙于)whatelsetheycoulddowiththeirmoney.10.Iamallfor(befor赞成)peoplemakingwiseandstrategicfinancialchoices.11.Inexpensiveoptionsoftendonotlast(熟词生义,此处为动词,意为“持续”)aslongasthehigher-endones.12.Plus,thatspendingpatterncandogreaterdamageto(对……造成破坏)theenvironment.13.Afewyearsafterdroppingoutofcollege(辍学)andgettingmarried,shehadtwokidsandthuswasjustbusywithfamily,andthatcollegediplomaseemedfaraway.14.Nowagrandmotherof17,Joycesaidwhile(引导让步状语从句)shedidn’tthinkmuchaboutreturningtocollege,itwasalwaysawish.15.Withthehelpofheradultchildren,Joyce,whowastoooldtodrive(“too+形容词或副词+to+动词原形”结构,通常翻译成“太……而不能……”),begantakingonlineclassesusingacomputerforthefirsttime.16.“WangDao”isnotonlythenameofChenbutalsomeansinsistingon(坚持)thepathoftruth.17.ItvividlypresentsasceneinwhichChenwassoabsorbedin(全神贯注于)histranslationthathemadeanamusingmistake.18.“Theuniversitydecidedtomakethefilmtopromotethenoblecharacterofourlate(熟词生义,此处意为“已故的”)headmaster,ChenWangdao,andwehopehispursuitforabrightfutureofChinacancontinuetoinspiretheyoungpeople,”saidQiuXin,PartyChiefofFudanUniversity.选择性必修第二册Unit1ScienceandScientists1.Herfamilyisfamousfor(因……而出名;befamousas作为……而出名)producingthreefamouswomenscientists,includinghertwosisters.2.Thecouplemadegreatdiscoveriesinthefieldofuraniumfission(铀核裂变),whichdrewglobalattention(吸引全球的关注)andearnedthemworldwidereputations(赢得世界声誉),alsomarkingamilestoneinthedevelopmentofChina’sexperimentalfissionphysics.3.Shepassedaway(去世)inBeijingin2011attheageof97,nearly20yearsafterQianSanqiang.4.Shededicatedherselfto(致力于……)science,livingasimplelife,alwaysnurturingyoungresearchersandmaintainingthehigheststandardsthatshehadalwaysvalued.(由and连接的三个并列的现在分词短语作状语;that引导定语从句修饰standards)5.Anti-mistingsprays(喷雾剂)areonewaytodealwith(处理)suchfogging.6.Anotherapproach(方法)istofixwithinthethingtobedemistedasetofelectricallypoweredheatingwires.approachn.方法;途径;接近v.接近;靠近anapproachto...(做某事的)方法/途径attheapproachof在快到……的时候beapproaching将要来临7.Itsdemistingpropertiesarepowered(熟词生义:驱动,推动)bysunlight.8.Goldactsas(充当)amediumintheheatingprocess.9.Thenetworkwillnowabsorbheatifleftinthesunshine.(状语从句的省略)10.Glasscoated(熟词生义:给……涂上)withMrHachler’sandDrPoulikakos’sinventionis,theyclaim,fourtimesmoreeffectiveatpreventingfogthananuncountedsurface.(倍数表达)11.Canyoudrawanimageofwhatyouthinkatypicaldayintheforestduringspringwouldlooklike?(what引导的宾语从句作介词of的宾语)12.AsIwrappedupthepiece,therefollowedashortsilence(完全倒装)beforeKatesaid...13.Sometimesall(此处为省略that的定语从句)weneedistouseourcreativityandtrydifferentmethodswhenfacingdifficulties(状语从句的省略).14.Ialsolearnedavaluableproblem-solvingskill,which(引导非限制性定语从句)Iappliedto(应用于)mydailylife.applyto...for...向……申请……apply...to...把……应用在……上;把……涂抹在……上applyoneselfto(doing)sth致力于/集中精力于……applicantn.申请人applicationn.申请;应用15....24-year-oldAlexWongfoundhimselfstruggling(find+宾语+宾补)withhismentalhealth.16.Itwasduringthistimethat(强调句型)Wongfeltthatheneededtofindpurposeandmeaninginhislife...17.Helpingmyhomelessfriends(动名词短语作主语)hasgivenmydaysnewmeaningandpurposeandmademerealizehowgoodlifecanbe(how引导宾语从句作realize的宾语).Unit2BridgingCultures1.IhaveheardaboutthisplaceeversinceIgotmarried.(since引导时间状语从句,主句谓语常用现在完成时)2.Iendedupvisiting(endupdoing最终做,结果……)itsixyearsafterbeingmarried.3.Anyway,Iwasallsettohaveavery“average”(熟词生义:普通的,一般的)experienceinthesouthofItalyineverysensebutIwasinforasurprise.4.That’sbecauseIhavevisitedalotofamazingbeachesandislands.(because引导表语从句,意为“这是因为……”)5.Ifthere’sonecountrythat’ssoculturallypowerfulthat(如此……以至于……)everyonehastoexperienceitatleastonce,ithasgottobeItaly.so+eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(adj./adv.,adj.+an+n.,many/much/few/little少+n.))+that从句6.Facedwith(过去分词短语作状语)manychallenges,heworkedtirelesslytodevelopchairskillsandconditioningthatmadehimmoreexplosive.7.AsIappliedtograduateschool,IknewIwouldplaywhereverIwasplanningtogo(wherever引导地点状语从句).8.UniversityofMichiganAdaptiveSportsandFitnesswasformedin2018toaddress(熟词生义:解决)theinequitableaccesstophysicalactivityopportunities,competitiveandrecreational,forstudentswithdisabilitiesatUniversityofMichigan.9.TheBirdLanguageDiversitywebappwillhelpprovidea“birdseyeview”,ensuringvitalinformationissharedtoimproveworldwideconservation(现在分词短语作状语).10.Withoutenoughsharingofinformation,thiscanaffect(影响)theeffectivenessofconservationmeasures.(1)beaffectedby受……的影响;被……感动beaffectedwith感染……疾病(2)effectn.作用;影响haveaneffecton对……产生影响11.Itisclassifiedas(被归类为……)vulnerablespecies(易危物种)andcrosses108countriesinEurope,AsiaandnorthAfrica,whereatotalof(总共,总计)75officiallanguagesarespoken.12....andisthereasonwhywe’reworkinghardtoimprovesciencecommunicationacrosslanguages.(why引导定语从句,修饰thereason)13.Myuniversityislocatedin(位于,坐落于)Moscow,thecapitalofRussia,whichisacitywithalonghistory.14.Thesecond(the+瞬间名词moment,minute,instant,second等,意为“一……就……”,相当于assoonas)Isteppedoutof(走出)theairport,Iimmediatelyfelthowcolditwasoutside.15.Igraduallyovercamethedifficultiesofstudyingabroadandcametoadjustto(适应)mynewenvironment.adjustv.调整,调节;适应,习惯adjust(oneself)tosth/doingsth(使自己)适应……;(使自己)习惯……Atfirst,Ifindithardtoadjustmyselftothenewclass.adjustmentn.调整;调节;适应adjustableadj.可调整的,可调节的16.Thefirstchallengewasthelanguagebarrier(语言障碍).17.AfterlearningRussianinChina,Irealizedthatmyskillswerenowherenearenough(远远不够).18.Ticketsforconcertsandculturaleventsherearerelativelycheap,makingiteasytoenrichmylifeonweekends.(现在分词短语作结果状语;makeit+adj.+todo)Unit3FoodandCulture1.FrancoBergaminoislikeasurprise“hiddenrecipe”amongyoungpeopleinsouthwestChina’sChongqingMunicipality,where(where引导非限制性定语从句)the62-year-oldItalianchefruns(经营)adesserthousecalledMimosa(过去分词短语作后置定语修饰adesserthouse).2.Thedesserthouseserveswinejellywithgreenpeppercheese,jasminemousseandpeach-Oolongcake—fusion(融合)dessertsthatcombineItalianspecialtieswith(combineAwithB把A与B结合起来)localChineseingredients(原料).3.In2016,hesettledinChongqingandsetup(建立,创立)adessertworkshop.4.Mimosa’sconsumersaremainlybetween25and35,agroupthatismorewillingto(bewillingtodo乐意做某事)tryoverseastastespartlydueto(因为,由于)China’scontinuedopeningtotheoutsideworld.5.“IhopeIcanliveto95andstillwork,”hesaid,sothat(引导目的状语从句)hecan,besidesbringingauthenticItaliandessertstomorecustomershavingasweettooth...6.Here’sarecipeforagoodanimalrescuestory:Takeoneresidentialcreek(小溪),addonelonedolphinandthenbringin28determined(adj.坚决的;有决心的;意志坚定的)biologists.bedeterminedtodosth决心做某事(表状态)determinev.决定;查明;裁决determinetodosth决心做某事(表动作)determinationn.坚定;决心7.BiologistswithClearwaterMarineAquariumhadbeenmonitoring(过去完成进行时表示动作的持续)itsinceJan.1.8.ClearwaterMarineAquariumpartnered(熟词生义:与……合作)withNOAAFisheriesandtheFloridaFish&WildlifeConservationCommissiontoguardthedolphintosafety.9.Thebiologistshadtostayshouldertoshoulder(肩并肩地)andnavigate[熟词生义:小心翼翼地绕过(障碍)]treesanddockswithoutgivingthedolphinanopportunitytoslipby.10.Thehumanencouragementworked(奏效,起作用),thoughtherewasamomentofuncertaintyas(as引导时间状语从句)theteammembersneared(near此处用作动词,意为:接近,靠近)thebridgeandweren’tsureifthedolphinwentthrough.(if引导宾语从句)11.Daysearlier,SarahBellamyhadreceivedamysteriousemailsaying(现在分词作定语修饰email)that(that引导宾语从句作saying的宾语)awealthmanagementcompanywasinterestedindiscussingthefinancialcrisisofPenumbra.12.Asthisstorywenttopress,Scotthadjustdonatedherlatestmoneybomb(熟词生义:很多钱),revealinginlateMarchthatshe’dgivenaway(捐赠)$3.9billion.13.TheWentianlabmodulewaslaunchedfromtheWenchangspacebase(n.基地)onthetropicalislandprovinceofHainanwithalargecrowdofamateurphotographersandspaceloverswatching(with复合结构作伴随状语).base...on/upon...把……建立在……;以……为根据bebasedon/upon以……为根据(基础)basisn.原因;基础onadaily/regularbasis每天/定期basicadj.基本的;基础的14.After13hoursofflight,itsuccessfully(adv.成功地;n.success;v.succeed;adj.successful)docked(对接)withtheTiangongstation’smainTianhelivingmoduleat3:13a.m.15.TheWentianwasdesignedfor(为……而设计)scienceandbiologyexperiments,anditsfeatureisthat(that引导表语从句)the23-tonlabmodulewasheavierthananyothersingle-modulespacecraftcurrentlyinspace.(1)bedesignedfor.../todosth为……而设计/旨在做……(2)bydesign(=onpurpose)故意地,蓄意地byaccident/bychance偶然地16.China’sspaceprogramlauncheditsfirstastronautintoorbitin2003,makingitonlythethirdcountrytodosoonitsown.(不定式作后置定语修饰thethirdcountry)(1)当中心词是序数词或中心词被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有thenext,theonly,thelast等时,常用不定式作后置定语。(2)一些抽象名词常用动词不定式作后置定语,常见的抽象名词有:ability,chance,ambition,attempt,belief等。Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLand1.Thewalkingtour,whichcovers(行走一段路程)1.2milesataleisurelypace,focuseson(集中注意力于;特别关注)theneighborhoodlocated(过去分词作定语)undertheSydneyHarbourBridge.cover一词多义v.覆盖;够付(费用);行走(一段路程);涉及;报道;掩饰n.封皮2.Plus,youcanseetheshorelineofSydneyCoveaswellas(和;还)viewsofSydneyOperaHouse.(1)aswellas“既……又……”,可连接两个平行结构(2)aswellas连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致3.Childrenmustbeaccompaniedby(由……陪伴)anadult.4.Itinstructedmetoturnrightoncemore.Witheveryturn,thestreetnarrowed(熟词生义:变狭窄).5.Thenewroadwasevennarrower,thewallssocloseyoufeelhardtoholdyourbreath(屏住呼吸).takeadeepbreath深吸一口气outofbreath上气不接下气6.Thedrivergestured(熟词生义:打手势),telling(现在分词作伴随状语)meI’llhavetomakeway.7.Ididn’thavethenerve(熟词生义:勇气)tobackupalongtheimpossiblynarrowroad.8.Fooddesertsaregenerallyclassifiedasgeographicregionswherepeoplehavefeworlimitedoptionstopurchasenutritiousandaffordable(负担得起的)foodslikevegetablesandfruits.动词加后缀-able可以构成形容词,如:available可用的,可获得的;comfortable令人舒适的;remarkable引人注目的,非凡的;considerable相当大的,相当重要的;acceptable可接受的;sustainable可持续的;drinkable可饮用的;adjustable可调整的;reasonable有道理的,合情理的;favorable有利的;赞成的;valuable值钱的,贵重的;reliable可靠的,可信赖的,等等。9.Urbanareaslackingaccessto(接触/使用权)freshfoodsaregenerallydividedbyracialandeconomiclines.have/gain/getaccessto有接近/使用……的机会或权利beaccessibleto……是可以接近/使用的10....alackofaccesstoavehicleandlimited(adj.有限的;v.&n.limit限制n.limitation限制,局限)ornonexistentpublictransportationcontributeto(导致)foodaccessibilitychallenges.contributeto为……做贡献;有助于;促成contribute...to...为……捐款;向……投稿makeacontribution/contributionsto(doing)sth为(做)某事做出贡献11.Evenpublicutility(设施)challenges,likepoorlymaintainedroads,canpreventbigcompaniesfrom(阻止……)settingupshopsinneighborhoodsthatmostneedtheirgoodsandservices,accordingtoHarvardBusinessReview.12.There,youwillfindyourselfdrawninandinspired(adj.受到鼓舞的;adj.inspiring鼓舞人心的;n.inspiration灵感)!(find+宾语+宾补)13.Theyalsodesignexhibitionsrelatedtovisualarts,industrialinnovationsandanythingthat(先行词为不定代词,只能由that引导定语从句)inspiresanindividualtolearnaboutthepastandcreatenewpathstothefuture.14.Theywillsurelybeanexcitingpartoftheeducationalexperiencewiththemainpurposetoexposechildrento(让某人接触……)knowledgeofvariousfieldsandexpandtheirhorizons.15.Theyhaveactivitiesandexhibitionsthroughwhich(“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句)visitorscanlearnaboutlocalhistory.Unit5FirstAid1.Takingabriefmomenttoseekhelpisoftenthebestfirstresponse(n.回应;v.respond对……作出回应,与to连用).2.Butbeforeanambulancecangettothescene,theimmediatefirstaidattendancetoanyonewho(who引导的定语从句修饰anyone)isinjuredseriouslymakesadifference(有影响,起作用)betweenlifeanddeath.3.Thisisacoursedesignedtoprovide(过去分词短语作后置定语)awidevarietyof(多种多样的)healthcareprofessionalswiththeabilitytorecognizeseverallife-threateningemergencies...4.Inconv
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