2025高考英语步步高大一轮复习讲义人教版语法专题第1讲　冠词

2025高考英语步步高大一轮复习讲义人教版语法专题第1讲冠词MyfriendLindaisanhonestgirl①studyinginauniversity①.Weareofanage②，andwebothdrinkacupofmilk③aday④.Sowethinkacow⑤isveryuseful.[规则感悟]不定冠词的用法①表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人、某物时通常用不定冠词；在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。②表示“同一，相同”。③表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。④表示“每一”，相当于per/each/every。⑤表示“一类”事物。1．不定冠词a/an用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。Hemissesthegoldmedalinthehighjump，buthewillgetasecondchanceinthelongjump.他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。2．不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”，相当于some/acertain。AMrWhitewithsomebigbagsiswaitingtoseeyouattheschoolgate.一位拿着几个大袋子的怀特先生正在学校门口等着见你。3．不定冠词与物质名词或抽象名词连用。抽象名词和物质名词在表示“概念”时，其前常用零冠词；但在表示具体的人或事物时变成了可数名词，需要与不定冠词连用，表示“一个、一种、一场、一阵”等。具有此用法的名词有物质名词——rain，snow，fog，wind，drink，coffee，beer，fire，paper等；抽象名词——success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，wonder，comfort，danger，shock等。Afterwepreparedalltheequipmentforanoutdoorphotography，suddenlyaheavyraincame.我们为户外摄影准备好所有设备后，突然下起了大雨。Tonyisafamouspianist.I’mabsolutelycertainthathisconcertthisSundaywillbeasuccess.托尼是一位著名的钢琴家。我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定会成功。4．有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding等后面加of时，前面需要用不定冠词。如：haveaknowledgeof...“了解……”；haveagoodunderstandingof...“对……有很好的了解”。Onlybyreadingthelatestissueofthismagazinecanyouhaveaknowledgeoftheastronauts’lifeinspace.只有读了这本杂志的最新一期，你才能了解宇航员在太空的生活。5．“a＋most＋形容词”表示“很……，非常……”，most在此不表示最高级含义，相当于very，而“the＋most＋多音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式，表示“最……”。Foragreatmanymenandwomen，romancecanbeamostimportantpartofmarriage.对许多男人和女人来说，爱情是婚姻中非常重要的一部分。ItisoneofthemostoriginalworksofimaginationintheEnglishlanguage.它是英语中最具原创性的想象作品之一。6．不定冠词常见的固定搭配。haveagiftfor有……的天赋getalift/ride搭便车payavisitto参观lendsbahand帮助某人asaresult因此atadistance离一段距离awasteof……的浪费be/goonadiet节食makealiving谋生asamatteroffact事实上inasense/way在某种意义上allofasudden突然对点练习1．InChineseculture，eachyearisrelatedto____________Chineseanimalaccordingtothe12­yearcycle.2．Henotonlyisthebeststudentinourclass，butalsohas____________excellentsenseofhumour.3．HesmiledbackasiftogivemeareceiptandIwouldpreservehissmilefor____________longtime.4．Onethingwecandotohelpsolvethisproblemiswalkoruse________________bicyclewhenpossible.MrSmithisateacherfromtheUnitedStates①.Hewasthefirst②foreignteacherIhadmet.Inthe1990s③，heandhiswifeweretravelingalongtheYangtzeRiver④whenashipwaswrecked.TheSmiths⑤cameuptohelptheinjured⑥andsavedaboybycatchinghimbythearm⑦.Theboy’sparentssaidtheywerethekindest⑧peopleintheworld⑨.Theywouldrememberthecouple⑩forever.[规则感悟]定冠词的用法①用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前。②用于序数词之前。③用在朝代、世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。④用于江、河、湖、海、山、岛前。⑤用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩”。⑥用在形容词或分词前，表示某一类人或物。⑦摸/打/抓(等表动作的词)＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位。⑧用于形容词或副词的最高级前。⑨用在世界上独一无二的事物前。⑩特指上文已经提到过的人或事物。1．被演奏的西洋乐器前用the，但是球类、棋类之前却没有冠词。AsfarasIknow，helikesplayingthepianobutdoesn’tlikeplayingfootball.据我所知，他喜欢弹钢琴却不喜欢踢足球。2．用在表计量的名词前，如bythehour，bytheday，bythedozen，bythemeter等。但是如果是在抽象名词前，则不用冠词，如：byweight，bytime，bylength，bysize等。Igotpaidbytime.Tobeexact，Igotpaidbythehour.我按时间拿报酬，确切地说，我是按小时拿钱。3．定冠词的常见固定搭配：atthemoment此刻；目前intheend最后，最终totellthetruth说实话ontheotherhand另一方面bytheway顺便说一下inthemiddleof在……中间atthesametime同时onthecontrary相反onthewhole总的来说inthedistance在远处tothepoint中肯；切题makethemost/bestof充分利用对点练习1．Shestayedupuntileleventhirtyoneeveningonpurposejusttosee____________moonlight.2．RobertBruce，leaderoftheScotsin____________13thcentury，washidinginacavefromtheEnglishthen.3．Smokingisoneof____________biggestcausesofpreventabledeathsinEngland.4．____________Greensareahappycouple；theyhavebeenmarriedfor30years.5．____________injuredhavebeensenttohospitalwheretheywillbetreated.Whenlearningthatteachers①arebadlyneededinremotedistricts①，Lilyvolunteeredtoteachinaremoteplace.Localpeoplehavemadeherheadmaster②oftheschoolsinceherarrivalandsheteachesChinese③，maths③，andEnglish③herselffromspringtowinter④andfromMondaytoSunday④.Onweekends，sheteachesherstudents⑤toplayvolleyballandchess⑥.Whenshefindsmanychildrenattendingschoolwithouthavinglunch⑦，sheraisesmoney①forthechildren’smeals.[规则感悟]常用零冠词的几种情况①表泛指的可数名词复数或不可数名词前。②表示独一无二的头衔和职位的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。③表示语言、学科的名词前不用冠词。④季节、月份、日期、星期、节假日前不用冠词。⑤名词前已有this，that，my，her，some，each等限定词时不再用冠词。⑥表示球类运动、棋类游戏的名词前不用冠词。⑦一日三餐前一般不加冠词。1．用于固定结构中的零冠词。“零冠词＋单数名词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语，主句”，意为“虽然……但是……”。Youngmanasheis，hehasseenmuchoftheworld.尽管他很年轻，但他阅历很丰富。2．no与such连用时放在such之前，而such后的名词前不用冠词。Asthesayinggoes，thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch.Ifyouwantsomething，goandearnit.俗话说，天下没有免费的午餐。如果你想要什么，就得去挣。3．零冠词的常见固定搭配。onpurpose故意地 bychance碰巧catchfire着火 atdawn在黎明facetoface面对面 outofdate过时的makeroomfor给……让位 indebt负债inshape状况良好 onfoot步行indanger在危险中 sidebyside肩并肩fromtimetotime不时地 handinhand手拉手dayafterday日复一日地 heartandsoul全心全意地1．Whileyou’reinChina，MountHuangshanis____________musttovisit！(2021·新课标Ⅰ)2．Notthepandas，eventhough____________languageusedforthemedicaltraininginstructionsisactuallyEnglish.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)第2讲代词I①amaseniorhighschoolstudentandI①wanttojoinour②schoolfootballteam，butthepersoninchargehasrejectedme③.Ihavetospendmy②sparetimepracticingfootballtoimprovemyself④.Look!Thefootballunderthebedismine⑤.Ithasbeenwornout.[规则感悟]①为人称代词的主格形式作主语。②为形容词性物主代词，放在名词之前作定语。③为人称代词的宾格形式作宾语。④为反身代词，可作宾语、表语或同位语。⑤为名词性物主代词，后面不加名词，可作主语、宾语或表语。(一)代词的形式人称代词物主代词类别主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselves第二人称youyouyouryoursyourselfyouyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves(二)反身代词的习惯用法与介词搭配byoneself独自地foroneself亲自；为自己ofoneself自动地inoneself本质上；本身与动词搭配applyoneselfto专心致志于behaveoneself举止得体；行为检点dressoneself打扮；自己穿衣devoteoneselfto致力于；献身于helponeselfto随便吃/用enjoyoneself玩得开心seatoneself就座；入席makeyourselfathome别客气teachoneself自学(三)it的用法1．指天气、时间、距离、环境等。Itisearlyspring，butitisalreadyveryhot.现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。Itistwentymilesfromheretothevillage.从这里到那个村庄有20英里路。2．代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词。Althoughhedoesn’tlikeit，Idecidetoseethemovieanyway.尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。3．指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)。Whatwillyoucallitifitisaboy?要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？4．用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：①It＋be＋adj./n.＋for/ofsb＋不定式ItisimportantforstudentstolearnEnglishwell.对学生来说学好英语是重要的。Itwasfoolishofhimtoleavethedooropenafterhelefttheoffice.他离开办公室之后没关门，真是糊涂了。②Itisnogood/use/uselessdoingsth.做某事是没有好处/用处的。Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.为打翻的牛奶而哭泣是没有用处的。(覆水难收。)③It＋be＋名词词组(apity/afact/nowonder...)/adj.＋that从句Itisapitythatyoucan’tgowithher.很遗憾你不能和她一起去。④It＋特殊动词(短语)(seem/appear/turnout/occurtosb...)＋that从句Itseemsthathehasmadeaseriousmistake.他似乎犯了一个严重的错误。⑤It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句Itisreportedthat20peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.据报道有20人死于这次地震。⑥Ittakessbtime/patience/effort/energytodosthIttookhimmuchenergytowritethenovel.写这部小说耗费了他大量的精力。(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...＋it＋adj./n.＋(for/ofsb)todosth/宾语从句IfinditeasytogetonwithJim.我发现同吉姆相处很容易。Hedidn’tmakeitclearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。(3)用于like，enjoy，hate，love，appreciate等表示“喜欢、憎恶”等情感的动词以及dependon/upon，seeto等动词短语后，再接when，if，that等引导的从句。I’dappreciateitifyoucouldattendourparty.如果您能参加我们的聚会，我将不胜感激。5．it的常用短语或句型。(1)WhenitcomestolearningEnglish，readingwidelyisofgreatimportance.当谈到学习英语，广泛阅读很重要。(2)Ican’thelpitifheisalwayscomplaining.若他总是抱怨，我也没办法。(3)Wefinallymadeittotheairportthoughitwasrainy.尽管下雨了，但是我们最终及时赶到了机场。(4)Assomeoneputsit，practicemakesperfect.正如某人所说，熟能生巧。(5)Itakeitthatyoudon’tagreewiththemanager.我想你不同意经理的意见。(6)Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.他参军已经三年了。(7)Itwasthreeyearsbeforehereturnedhome.过了三年他才回家。对点练习1．Helivesaveryregularlife，studyingeverydayandneverallowing____________(he)tofallbehindinhisschoolwork.2．Whentoldthatitwasalosstohumans，thefarmersburstintolaughterandresponded，“Ourreallossis____________(we)decreasingincome.”3．Whilemakingachoicefromvariouswaysofspendingourtime，weoughttoensuresomethingthatrestoresourlostenergyandcheers____________(we)up.4．Ihavemade____________clearthatIwillnotacceptthisjob.5．Givenhope，Iamconvincedthatabreakthroughcancomeatanyageifwehavefaithinourselvesandkeeplearningandworkingfor____________________________________.6．Thereisaknockonthedoor.____________mightbethepostman.1．all/every/both/each/neither/noneThereare50studentsinmyclass.Thoughnotall①ofusarestudyingwell，weall①studyhard.Everystudent②hasadreamuniversity，thoughnoteverystudent②canbeadmittedtoafamousone.MydeskmateandIboth③likemusic，butbothofusdon’t③wanttoenteramusicacademy.Each④ofushaschosenourfuturecollege.Wehave14teachersinall，none⑤ofwhomtreatusbadly.However，mydeskmateandIareboth③fat，soneither⑥ofuslovePEclasses.[规则感悟]①all指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。作主语时，谓语动词通常依据所指为可数名词还是不可数名词而定；与not连用表示部分否定。②every强调(整体中的)每一个，只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”，与not连用构成部分否定。③both表示“两者(都)”。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；与not连用表示部分否定，意为“两者并不都……”。④each强调个体，可作代词和形容词，修饰单数可数名词，指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”，可以与of短语连用。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。⑤none表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”。后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。⑥neither表示“(两者)都不”。单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。2．anything/nothing/something/everything—Doyouhaveanything①tosayaboutyourexam?—No，Ihavenothing②tosayaboutit.—Ihopeyoucansharesomething③specialaboutyourschool.—IhavetoldyouthatIdon’thaveanything①tosayaboutit.Everything④hasgonewrong.[规则感悟]①anything表示“任何事物，一些事”时，用于否定句和疑问句中；表示“随便什么事物”，用于肯定句中。②nothing表示“什么也没有”，用于否定句中。③something表示“某事(物)”，一般用于肯定句中。④everything表示“一切”，强调全体，但谓语动词要用单数。3．theother，another，others与theothers—Excuseme.CanyouexchangethisT­shirtforanother①one?Someothers②sayitdoesn’tfitmewell.—Ofcourse.ThisT­shirtcomesintwosizes；youcantryontheother③one.—Don’tbother.TherearesomanyshopsandIwillgototheothers④.[规则感悟]①another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。②others表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some连用。③theother可单独使用，特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”。④特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”时用theothers。4．替代词that，those，one，ones，theone，theonesIfoundabeautifulcoatinashop，butitwasveryexpensive.Luckily，Ifoundone①lookingthesameonlineanditwasmuchcheaperthanthat②/theone③inthephysicalshop.However，whenIreceivedthecoat，Irealizedthoughtheones④soldonlineweremuchcheaper，theywerenotasgoodasthose⑤inphysicalshops.Iwouldratherspendmoremoneyonbetterones⑥ofhighquality.[规则感悟]①one替代上文出现的单数可数名词，相当于“a/an＋单数名词”。②that替代上文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词，相当于“the＋单数名词/不可数名词”。③theone替代特指的可数名词单数，相当于“the＋单数名词”。④theones替代复数名词，相当于“the＋可数名词复数”。⑤those替代复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，相当于“the＋可数名词复数”。⑥ones替代复数名词。所替代名词都是同类不同物；同类同物替代用it/them。1.another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”，表示“另外的……(多少)”。“基数词/few＋other＋复数名词”也表示“另外的……(多少)”。Anotherthreestudentswenttothatparty.＝Threeotherstudentswenttothatparty.另外3个学生去了那个聚会。2．noone，none，nobody，nothing以及“no与名词连用”等都表示全部否定。当not与不定代词all，both，everyone，everybody，everything等或“every＋名词”连用时，不管not在它们之前还是之后，都表示部分否定。Noneofuswasgoingtotheparty.我们当中没人打算去参加那个聚会。Notallofthemsmoke.＝Allofthemdon’tsmoke.他们当中不是所有人都吸烟。对点练习1．Successisjustonthe____________side.Youhavetowantitenough，andbewillingenoughtogetit.2．Manysinglessaytheregulardatingscenehasjustledthemfromonebadexperienceto__________andarereadytotrysomethingelse.3．Nobodylikestotalkaboutdeath，buttherealityis—everyoneisgoingtodieatonepoint，but____________ofusknowtheday，orthehour.4．Bothteamswereinhardtraining；____________waswillingtolosethegame.5．MrZhanggavemeaveryvaluablepresent，____________thatIhaveneverseen.1．Asthesonggoes，thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”，anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor’smemory.Itsuredoesin____________(I)．(2021·新课标Ⅰ)2．Nanxiangaside，thebestxiaolongbaohaveafineskin，allowingthemtobeliftedoutofthesteamerbasketwithouttearingorspillinganyof________(they)contents.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)3．Itwassweetandfresh.Marylovedit.Shewasextremelypretty，andherhousewasareflectionof____________(she)，everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.(2021·浙江6月)4．ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap____________canbetoeatout.第3讲介词1．表示方位的介词Wewalkedacross①thebeach，through②thewoodsandfinallycameto③thehousewhichwasunder④thebigtreemarkedin⑤themap.Aftersteppinginto⑥thehouse，wefoundasmallblacktable，over⑦whichwasalamp.Thenwelookedaround⑧，onlytofindnothing.Myfriendfoundsomethingspecial—anemptybox.Beneath⑨itwasanotesaying，“Standbeside⑩thewindowandlookoutof⑪it.”From⑫thewindowwesawanotherhousebeyond⑬asmallhill.[规则感悟]①across指从较为平坦的表面穿过。②through指从立体的事物中间穿过。③to指“到某处，去某处”。④under在……下面，无接触面。⑤in在……里面。⑥into到……里面。⑦over在……正上方(无接触面)；on在……上面(有接触面)。⑧around在/向……周围。⑨beneath在……下面(有接触面)。⑩beside在……旁边。⑪outof向/在……外面。⑫from从……。⑬beyond在/向……较远的一边，超出。2．表示时间的介词Ithappenedon①aSaturdaymorningin②November,2021.Myparentslefthomeat③6：00amtomeetmyuncleattheairportandtoldmetheywouldcomebackin②twohours.However，itwasn’tlongbefore④someoneknockedatthedoor，andIlookedthroughthepeepholeandsawastranger.Iquicklylockedthedoorfromtheinside，anddidn’topenituntil⑤myparentscameback.During⑥thetwohours，thestrangeralwaystriedtotellmesomethingbutIwouldn’tlistentohim.Onseeingmyparents，thestrangersaid，“Ihavebeenwaitingoutofthedoorfor⑦twohourssince6：10am.”Whyhadmyunclechangedsomuchover⑧theyears?[规则感悟]①on指在具体的某一天。②in用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前，或者指上/下午或晚上；也可用在表示一段时间的词之前，表示“多久之后”。③at用在几点钟或night/noon之前。④before在……之前。⑤until直到……时候。⑥during在……期间。⑦for表示延续一段时间。⑧over表示“在……期间”，表延续。3．表示原因的介词Johnwaspunishedfor①cheatingintheexam.Hisfatherwasangryat/over②itandhetrembledwith③angerbecauseof④John’sbadbehaviour.[规则感悟]①for表示原因，后面可以跟名词(词组)或动名词。②at/over用在表示情绪的形容词之后，后面跟代词或名词(词组)。③with用在表示情绪的名词之前。④becauseof/owingto/dueto/thanksto之后不跟陈述句，跟名词(短语)/名词性从句。4．其他重要介词Between①thetwoopinions，Iamfor②thefirstonebutagainst③thesecondone.By④wearingschooluniforms，studentscanbetreatedequallyby④othersdespite⑤thedifferenteconomicbackgroundsamong⑥them.Besides⑦，thepriceiswithin⑧students’reach.Moststudentsexcept⑨aminorityofthemsayschooluniformsaregoodexceptfor⑩thefactthattheyarenotfashionable.[规则感悟]①between表示“两者之间”。②for表示“支持”。③against表示“反对”。④by表示“借助/通过……”，也可以表示“被……”。⑤despite表示“尽管”，等于inspiteof。⑥among表示在三者或三者以上中。⑦besides表示“除此之外(还)”。⑧within表示“在……范围之内”。⑨except表示同类事物除外。⑩exceptfor表示与整体陈述相对的细节修补。一、介词的省略1．当表示时间的词前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等时，介词常省略。Wewatchedanexcitingfootballmatchlastweek.上周我们观看了一场激动人心的足球赛。Comeanydayyoulike.你想哪天来就哪天来。2．表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一……”讲时，其前不用介词。Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.每天一个苹果，医生远离我。3．习惯搭配中介词的省略。一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配使用的介词常可省略，常见的此类搭配有spendsometime(in)doingsth，wastesometime(in)doingsth，havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth，bebusy(in)doingsth，stop/preventsb(from)doingsth等。FrankinsistedthathewasnotasleepalthoughIhadgreatdifficulty(in)wakinghimup.弗兰克坚持说自己没有睡觉，虽然我叫醒他费了好大劲。二、介词不可省略的问题1．在被动语态中，动词短语中的介词不能省略。Thechildrenhavebeentakengoodcareofinthekindergarten.这些孩子在幼儿园里得到了很好的照顾。2．当非谓语动词表示被动意义时，相关介词也不可省略。Theproblemiswellworthpayingattentionto.这个问题很值得关注。3．在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时，必须加上介词。Thelibrarywhichweoftengotoisnotfarawayfromourschool.我们常去的那个图书馆距离我们学校不远。三、介词短语1．介词与名词构成的搭配：(1)at＋名词ataloss不知所措atthecostof以……的代价atpeace处于和平状态attheriskof冒……的危险atwar处于战争状态atthemercyof在……支配下；由……摆布atthesametime同时(2)on＋名词onexhibition/show/display在展出onaccountof因为onfire着火onaverage平均；一般地onsale出售；打折onbehalfof代表onnoaccount/condition决不onthedecrease/increase在减少/在增加onholiday/vacation在度假(3)by＋名词byaccident/chance偶然地byhand手工bymistake错误地bytheday按天算bycoincidence碰巧bynature天生地(4)in＋名词incash用现金付款inchargeof掌管indepth在深度上inreturn作为回报indetail详细地indanger(of)在危险中，垂危inheight在高度上inspiteof尽管inlength在长度上inexchangefor作为交换infavorof支持，赞成innotime立刻incaseof万一；如果；假使innoway决不insupportof为支持……inplaceof代替inhonourof为向……表示敬意inpossessionof拥有，占有inmemoryof为了纪念……inadditionto另外(5)of＋名词ofbenefit有益处的ofsignificance有意义的ofhelp有帮助的ofuse有用的ofimportance重要的ofvalue有价值的(6)outof＋名词outofbalance失去平衡outoforder发生故障outofbreath上气不接下气outofsight看不见outofcontrol失去控制outofthequestion不可能outofdate过期outofwork失业outoftouch失去联系(7)under＋名词underattack遭到袭击undertreatment在治疗中underpressure在压力下undercontrol处于控制之中underrepair在修理中underdiscussion在讨论中(8)with＋名词withdelight/joy高兴地withfear害怕地withdifficulty困难地withpleasure乐意地withease轻而易举地(9)beyond＋名词beyondcompare无与伦比beyonddescription难以描述beyondreach够不到beyondexpression/words难以表达2．形容词与介词构成的搭配：(1)be＋adj.＋aboutbeanxiousabout为……忧虑becuriousabout对……好奇beparticularabout对……讲究/挑剔beworried/concernedabout对……担心(2)be＋adj.＋atbeangryat因/对……生气begoodat擅长beastonishedat对……吃惊bepresentat出席(3)be＋adj.＋inbeabsorbedin专注于……beactivein积极于……bedressedin穿着……beengagedin忙于……berichin富含……beoccupiedin忙于……(4)be＋adj.＋forbeeagerfor渴望……befamousfor因……著名befitfor适合，胜任……bereadyfor准备好……besorryfor对……感到抱歉bepreparedfor为……做好准备(5)be＋adj.＋frombeabsentfrom缺席bedifferentfrom不同于befarfrom远离befreefrom不受……影响(6)be＋adj.＋tobecloseto接近……bedevotedto致力于……beequalto等于……；胜任……befamiliarto对……熟悉befriendlyto对……友好beharmfulto对……有害bekindto对……友好besimilarto与……相似begratefulto对……心存感激(7)be＋adj.＋ofbeawareof意识到……befondof喜欢……beproudof因……而自豪beshortof缺乏……becriticalof对……挑剔(8)be＋adj.＋withbebusywith忙于……befamiliarwith对……熟悉becombinedwith与……结合bepatientwith对……有耐心bepopularwith受……欢迎bepleasedwith对……感到满意beangrywith(sb)对(某人)生气3．介词与其他词构成的搭配：butfor要不是insteadof代替regardlessof不管，不顾apartfrom除……之外upto直到；由……决定accordingto根据alongwith随着togetherwith连同bymeansof用……办法；借助……owingto因为四、动词与介词构成的搭配1．“动词＋sb＋of＋sth”结构accusesbofsth指责/控告某人某事curesbofsth治好某人的某种疾病ridsbofsth使某人摆脱某物cheatsbofsth骗走某人某物remindsbofsth使某人想起某事informsbofsth通知某人某事robsbofsth抢劫某人某物warnsbofsth警告某人某事convincesbofsth使某人确信某事suspectsbofsth怀疑某人某事2．“动词＋sb＋for＋doingsth”结构blamesbfordoingsth指责某人做某事eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(scoldsbfordoingsth,criticizesbfordoingsth))批评某人做某事eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgivesbfordoingsth,excusesbfordoingsth,pardonsbfordoingsth))原谅某人做某事punishsbfordoingsth因做某事而惩罚某人thanksbfordoingsth感谢某人做某事3．“动词＋sb/sth＋from＋(doing)sth”结构prevent/stop/keepsb/sthfromdoingsth阻止某人/物做某事protect/preserve/defend/sheltersb/sthfrombeingdone保护某人/物免于被……ban/prohibitsb/sthfromdoingsth禁止某人/物做某事4．其他常考的动词与介词的搭配accountfor占……(比例)；解释……(原因)actas充当；起作用breakawayfrom脱离；逃离bringabout引起；导致；造成callfor(去)接；需要；(公开)要求carryout履行；实施；执行carrythrough帮助……渡过难关；成功完成；顺利实现comeacross(偶然)遇见，碰见；发现cometoanend终止，结束comeupwith提出doharmto对……有害dowithout没有……也行；没有……而设法对付过去endupwith以……结束getacross被传达；被理解；把……讲清楚getaround传播；流传；各处走动getdownto开始做某事；开始认真注意(或对待)某事getover解决；克服；控制getridof除去，去掉；免除，摆脱getthrough正式通过；(用电话)接通，联系上；顺利通过(考试等)giveriseto使发生givewayto屈服；退让；让步goagainst违反；与……不符goinfor参加考试(或竞赛)；对某事物有兴趣，爱好gothrough经历keepintouchwith与……保持联系lookdownon/upon轻视；瞧不起lookinto调查；审查makethebestof充分利用；尽力而为bemadeupof由……组成putupwith忍受，容忍seethrough看穿；识破seeto照料；处理setabout着手做showaround/round领(某人)参观showoff炫耀；展示takein吸入；理解，领会takeon承担；呈现，具有workout计算出；制定出对点练习1．Shepattedhim____________theheadandsaid，“Mylittleboy，doyoufeelmorecomfortablenowthanbefore？”2．Ifyoucouldexchangelives____________someoneforashorttime，wouldyouliketodothat?3．Asaresult，hespendshislifeinawheelchairandcannotwrite____________meansofapenorpencil.4．Butwildlifetodaydisappearsoris____________dangerjustbecausehumansdoharmtoit.5．Manytimeswedon’trealizehowroutineourliveshavebecomeandhowmuchwetakethem____________granteduntilwefindourselvesinanewsituation.6．Theteacherpaused____________purposetoremindthestudentstostoptalking.1．Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017，averageruralBMIincreased____________2.1inwomenandmen.(2021·浙江1月)2．Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety，andsheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibility____________savingtheirenvironment.(2023·全国甲)3．Sometimeafter10000BC，peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived__________，throughagriculture.(2020·浙江7月)层级一基础达标练单句语法填空1．—WehadareallydampSeptemberthisyear.—Ican’tremember____________autumnwhenitrainedsomuch.2．Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasprobablybecauseofthefactthatshesatin________________lastrow.3．Among____________“fournewgreatinventions”，onlineshoppingwasinventedandpioneeredbyMichaelAldrichintheU．K.in1979.4．“Assoonasheopens____________(he)mouthandsingsinChinese，theChineseareverysurprisedandtheyfeelproudofhim，”saidhismusicteacher.5．Butit’sdifficultformetodecidewhatactivitiesweshouldorganizeandhowtoplan____________(they)．6．IsuddenlyrealizedIhadgrownupandthatIhadtolookafter____________(I)andliveindependently.7．Whentheygrowolderthanthreeyearsold，____________iseasierforgirlstocatchcoldsthanboys.8．Pregnantwomen，forexample，shouldlimit____________(they)intakeofcoffee.9．Thisyoungmanlikestravelling—heisalways____________themove.10．Itmeansthatwecannotusesomemodernhouseholditems，____________washingmachinesbecausetheyusetoomuchwater.层级二高考真题练单句语法填空1．Incontrasttothecourtlifeandupper­classculturerepresentedbytheForbiddenCity，theSummerPalace，andtheTempleofHeaven，thehutongsreflect____________cultureofgrassrootsBeijingers.(2023·浙江1月)2．ThankstoBeijing’slonghistory____________capitalofChina，almosteveryhutonghasitsstories.(2023·浙江1月)3．FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums，narrowhutong____________royalpalaces，itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout.(2023·全国乙)4．There，you’llfindthemprepareddifferently—moredumplingandlesssoup，andthewrappersarepressed____________handratherthanrolled.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)5．Themeatshouldbefreshwith____________touchofsweetness，andthesurroundingsouphot，clearanddelicious.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)6．Thetactile(可触知的)paintingsworkasawaytorevealartto____________blindbecausewedon’tseewithjustoureyes：Weseewithourbrains.(2022·浙江6月)7．May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay，whichwasnamedofficially____________theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.(2022·全国乙)8．TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony，opening__________(it)firstexhibition：TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea.(2022·全国乙)9．Coveringanareaaboutthreetimes____________sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark，theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.(2022·新课标Ⅰ)10．AlthoughMarylovedflowers，____________shenorherhusbandwasknownasagardener.(2021·浙江6月)层级三语篇提能练语法填空(2022·浙江1月改编)KimCobb,1.____________professorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta，isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademicswhoarecuttingbackon2.____________(they)airtravelbecause3.____________climatechange.Travellingtoconferences，lectures，workshops，andthelike—frequentlybyplane—isviewedasimportant4.____________scie