语法填空-针对学生实际的备考方法探讨

语法填空针对学生实际的备考方法探讨TeachingObjectsToanalyze:CommonmistakesPossiblereasonsPossiblesolutionsHeisstudent.Heintheclassroomstudy.Hebybiketogotoschool.Heisreadingunderthesun.Therearemanystudentsstudyintheclassroom.Becausehegotuplate,sohecouldn’tcatchthebus.Myhometownhappenedgreatchanges.Grammarornot？母语影响大语法观念淡薄

“语法填空”要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后完成10项语法填空。内容包括根据句子的语法结构和上下文连贯的要求

填入适当的词语；或

使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。“语法填空”考查考生在上理解并应用语法知识的能力，考试采用填空的形式，而不是选择填空。“语法填空”要求考生必须具备较好的能力，而不只是语法辨析能力。[题型说明]

语法填空语篇层面语法分析考查学生是否能理清句子结构的语法性和句子意义的逻辑性。需分析:

句子的构成成分（包括句子的基本成分和扩展成分）；

句子成分之间的一致性，比如，主谓一致、时态一致等；

句子的篇章制约;

句子的意义制约。[考点分析]语境+语法句子结构的构成：非谓语动词(扩展成分)句子的篇章制约：代词指称句子的意义制约：语境意义

Thirty-twopeoplewatchedKittyGenovese1

beingkilled(kill)rightbelowtheirwindows.Shewas2theirneighbor.Yet3noneofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.

IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar31_______(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto32______shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme33_____aguestintheirhouse.Finally,Iacceptedtheofferofanoldwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme34_______(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto35_______smalltownsome20kilometresaway36_______therewasagarage.

Ihadnoticedthreehensrunningfreeinmyhostess'scourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.37_______villagersbroughtmegoat'scheeseandhoney.Wedranktogetherandtalked38_______(merry)tillfarintothenight.

Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman39_______thetroubleIhadcaused40_____.brokewhoassettledawhereOthermerrilyforher句子结构：谓语wasbroken(34);broken(25);句子结构：分句层次Whom（36）

句子结构：扩展成份（意义制约）with(13);for(9);句子结构：扩展成份tosettle(27);settle(20);意义制约the(40);句子结构：分句层次from(32);because(13);篇章制约：代词指称The(45);Some(40;merried(9);merries(6);句子结构：扩展成份what(12);…篇章制约：代词指称to(37);before(25);句子结构：词类转换

ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeople’sdailylife.31________theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop32________(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.

Itissaidthatashort—temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960—1279)wasveryanxioustohelp33______ricecropgrowupquickly.Hewasthinkingabout34_______dayandnight.Butthecropwasgrowingmuchslowerthanheexpected.

Oneday,hecameupwithanidea35________hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.

Hewasverytired36_____doingthisforawholeday,37_____hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”38________(high).

Hissonheardaboutthisandwenttoseethecrop.Unfortunatelytheleavesofthecropbegantowither.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir39__________(nature)course.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften40__________(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.Behindtohelphisthisthatafterbuthighernaturalresults意义制约：意义关系In(37);And(24);扩展成份；意义制约helps(21);helping(7);篇章制约the(61);篇章制约it(109);句子结构：分句层次which(5);意义制约：语境意义of(52);to(13);意义制约：分句逻辑意义关系and(2);语境意义；构词highly(17);句子结构：词类转换nature(4);naturely(3);句子结构：谓语resulted(33);result(11);上下文的线索，篇章的连贯。没联系上下文；或联系脱节。语境意识不强。代词(pronoun)07年37题：Othervillagersbroughtmegoat’scheeseandhoney.

40题：…thetroubleIhadcausedher.08年33题：…anxioustohelphisricecropgrowupquickly.

34题：Hewasthinkingaboutthis

dayandnight.均属句子的扩展成份。意义制约固定短语必须能运用自如介词（preposition)07年33题：

receivingmeasaguest

39题：

Iwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetrouble….08年31题：Behind

theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.36题：Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday.从句(clause)07年32题：…werearguingastowhoshouldhavethehonorof….

36题：…asmalltownsome20kilometresawaywheretherewasagarage.08年35题：…hecameupwithanideathathewouldpluckup….一般考关联词；找出谓语动词；分清楚句子层次；理清分句关系；克服干扰，划掉修饰成分学会分辨各个非谓语形式所表达的基本意义惯用表达(例只能接动名词作宾语的；只能接不定式作宾语;动词接不同的非谓语形式作宾补的不同意义等）动词的基本用法（例是否及物动词）非谓语动词（Non-predicateverbs)

07年34题：Whileshewasgettingmesettled(settle)into….08年32题：…“pluckingupacroptohelp(help)itgrow”,…时态、语态、主谓一致基本时态：一般现在，过去，将来及进行和完成形式（共9种）和它们各自的被动形式。不规则动词的变化形式。谓语动词(predicateverbs)07年31题：…whenmycarbroke(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.08年40题：Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoftenresults

(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.构词(word-formation)07年38题：Wedranktogetherandtalkedmerrily(merry)tillfarintothenight.08年38题：…hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher

(high).

39题：…letthingsgointheirnatural(nature)course.规则较多;容易混淆，随意变化词汇知识不扎实。熟悉四会单词的意义、拼写和词性。掌握基本的词形转换。冠词(article)07年35题：…topullittoasmalltownsome20kilometresaway…除特殊用法外，分清泛指和特指是关键。意义理解上下文并列连词(conjunction)08年37题：Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher.比较容易；关键是理清分句的关系谓语动词盲点：1.篇章的连贯；上下文的呼应；只见树木不见森林。缺乏语篇连贯理解的习惯，语境意识不强。Possib