2024-2025年新教材高中英语UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENTSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage检测含解析新人教版选择性必修第一册

PAGEPAGE8UNIT1课下题型练(二)LearningAboutLanguageⅠ.阅读理解AMikeFlintwasBuffett'sairplanepilot.FlinthadalsoflownfourUSPresidents,sowecansafelysayhewasgoodathisjob.AccordingtoFlint,hewastalkingabouthiscareerpriorities(优先事项)withBuffettwhenheaskedhimtogothrougha3­stepexercise.STEP1:Writedownhistop25careergoals.So,Flinttooksometimeandwrotethemdown.STEP2：Reviewhislistandcirclehistop5goals.Again,Flinttooksometime,madehiswaythroughthelist,andatlastdecidedonhis5mostimportantgoals.STEP3:Atthispoint,Flinthadtwolists.The5itemshehadcircledwereonListAandthe20itemshehadnotcircledwereonListB.Flintsaidthathewouldstartworkingonhistop5goalsrightaway.AndthenBuffettaskedhimaboutthesecondlist,“Andwhatabouttheonesyoudidn'tcircle？”Flintreplied,“Well,thetop5aremyprimaryfocus(焦点),buttheother20comeinaclosesecond.Istillplantogivethemmyefforts.”Buffettsaid,“No.You'vegotitwrong.Everythingyoudidn'tcirclejustbecameyourAvoid­At­All­Costlist.Thesethingsgetnoeffortsfromyouuntilyou'vesucceededwithyourtop5.”ThisiswhyBuffett'sstrategy(策略)isgreat.Items6through25arethingsyoucareabout.Soyoucan'thelppayingattentiontothem.Andthenyouget20distractions(分心的事物)tostopyoufromfocusingonyourtop5goals.Spendingtimeonsecondaryprioritiesisthereasonyouhave20half­finishedgoalsinsteadof5completedones.Soforceyourselftofocus.Themostdangerousdistractionsaretheonesyoulove,butthatdon'tloveyouback.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过巴菲特向他的私人飞行员芬克传授策略的事例告知我们巴菲特策略的核心：坚决地剔除分心事物，集中精力完成优先事项。1．WhatdidFlintthinkofhisitemsonListB?A．Theywereimportanttoo.B．Theyweremuchmoredifficult.C．Theywerenotworthhiseffort.D．Theywereimpossiblegoalstoreach.解析：选A推理推断题。依据文章倒数第三段中的芬克的回答可知，在芬克看来，ListB上的目标虽然不是最优先的，但是它们也很重要，他也会付出努力去完成它们的。2．WhatdidBuffettsuggesttoMikeFlint?A．GivingupListBhalfway.B．Choosingonlyonepriorityfromthe25items.C．PayingnoattentiontoListBbeforefinishingListA.D．Reviewingalltheitemsanddecidingonanothertop5.解析：选C细微环节理解题。依据文章倒数其次段巴菲特所讲的“Thesethingsgetnoeffortsfromyouuntilyou'vesucceededwithyourtop5.”可知，他建议飞行员芬克在完成最重要的5个目标之前对其他20个目标不做任何考虑。3．AccordingtoBuffett'sstrategy,．A．getting20half­finishedgoalsisusefultooB．weshouldbreakawayfromdistractionsdecidedlyC．it'simpossibleforustofinishtwotasksatatimeD．secondaryprioritieswillpreventusfromsucceeding解析：选B推理推断题。依据文章最终一段中的“Soforceyourselftofocus.”可知，人们在完成目标时应坚决抛开分心的事物，集中精力完成优先事项。4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ListAorListB?B．HowtoChooseYourPrioritiesC．TheSecretofBuffett'sGreatSuccessD．AvoidDistractionstoFocusonYourPriorities解析：选D标题归纳题。本文通过巴菲特向他的私人飞行员芬克传授策略的事例告知我们巴菲特策略的核心：坚决地剔除分心事物，集中精力完成优先事项，由此可知D项作为文章标题最佳。BElizabethBlackwellwasbornon3February1821inEngland.Whileshewasgrowingup,twoofherbrothersandsixofhersistersdied.Elizabethdecidedtobecomeadoctor.Herfatherwasasugarbusinessman.Heencouragedequality(同等)betweenboysandgirlsso,unlikemostgirls,Elizabethhadthesameeducationasboys.Onenight,whenElizabethwaseleven,afiredestroyedherfamily'sbusiness.ThefamilybecamesopoorthatMrBlackwelldecidedtogotoAmerica.WhenthefamilyreachedNewYork,MrBlackwelltriedtostartanewbusiness,butfailed.In1837,hedied.Afterbeingrefusedseveraltimesbymedicalschools,ElizabethwasfinallyacceptedbyGenevaMedicalCollegeinNewYork,largelyasajoke.Peoplethere,evenwomen,thoughtshewasindecent(下流的)andaskedhertoleave.Butwithgreatdetermination,Elizabethgraduatedwithhighhonors.Aftergraduation,ElizabethwenttoParistolearnmoreaboutmedicine.ElizabethreturnedtoAmericain1851.Thereshehelpedotherwomenbecomedoctorsandopenedamedicinestore.Then,shebeggedherrichfriendstogivemoneytobuildahospital.Elizabeth'sdreamcametruein1857whentheNewYorkInfirmaryforWomenandChildrenopeneditsdoors.Itwasthefirsttruehospitalforwomen,runbywomendoctorsintheworld.In1868,thehospitalopenedamedicalcollegeforwomen.Afterthat,ElizabethreceivedaletterfromEuropeaskinghertocometoherhomelandanddoforthewomenofEuropewhatshehaddoneinAmerica.ShereturnedtoEnglandin1869.Theresheservedforfortyyears,whichmadeherahero.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了英国首位取得医学博士学位的宏大女性ElizabethBlackwell。5．WhatmadeElizabethwanttobeadoctor?A．Herpoorfamily.B．Herfather'sadvice.C．Herfamilymembers'earlydeath.D．Theinequalitybetweengirlsandboys.解析：选C细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段的内容可知，Elizabeth年幼时她的兄弟姐妹相继死亡，这让她产生了当医生的想法。6．WhydidElizabeth'sfamilymovetoAmerica?A．Tosellmoresugar.B．Tolookforchancestolive.C．Toopenahospitalforwomen.D．TohelpElizabethstudymedicine.解析：选B细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段的内容可知，Elizabeth一家搬到美国是为了找寻生存的机会。7．ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph4thatinAmerica．A．hardlyanywomenstudiedmedicineB．studyingmedicinewasconsidereddecentC．womenwerenotallowedtoreceiveeducationD．womenandchildrensufferedalotfrompoorhealth解析：选A推理推断题。文章第四段讲到Elizabeth一起先遭到许多家医学院的拒绝，在她被纽约的一家医学院录用后，当地的人们甚至是妇女都认为她学医很下流，都斥责她让她离开，由此可推断，当时几乎没有女性学医，因为在人们看来女性学医是一件下流的事情。8．WhichistherightorderofthefollowingeventsaboutElizabeth?a．Sheopenedthefirsthospitalforwomen.b．SheopenedamedicinestoreinAmerica.c．HerfamilymovedtoNewYork.d．Shegraduatedfromamedicalschool.e．ShereturnedtoEnglandtoserve.f．Herfamily'sbusinesswasdestroyed.g．ShewenttoParistostudymedicine.A．c－f－d－g－b－a－e B．f－c－d－g－b－a－eC．f－c－g－d－b－a－e D．f－c－g－d－b－e－a解析：选B细微环节理解题。依据文章内容可知，所列事务的正确依次是：Elizabeth家的生意因火灾而破产→她全家搬到纽约谋生→她从医学院毕业→她到巴黎进修→她在美国开了一家药店→她开了第一家妇女医院→她返回家乡做贡献。Ⅱ.完形填空Manychildrenmaybefondofanimals,butfeweverthinkofmakingthestudyofanimalsastheircareer.Evenfewerwillbe1bythewholeworld,2thetitleofUnitedNationsMessenger(使者)ofPeace.Butonewomanhas3allthat.ShehaslivedwithchimpsintheAfricanforestformanyyearsandmadegreat4．JaneGoodall'slifelonginterestinanimalsbeganatanearlyage.WhenaclosefriendinvitedGoodalltoKenyain1957,shereadily5it.Withinafewmonthsofherarrivalshemetthefamousanthropologist(人类学家)DrLouisLeakey,whosoondecidedthatGoodallwasthe6personhewaslookingfortobegina7ofwildchimpsontheshoreofLakeTanganyikainTanzania.Inthebeginning,studyingthechimpswasnot8forher.Theanimalsfled(逃跑)fromher9．Withastrong10，shesearchedtheforesteveryday,tryingnottogettooclosetothechimpstoo11．Graduallythechimpsbecameusedtoherpresence.InOctober1960,sheobservedachimpmakingandusing12tofishfortermites(白蚁).Thisdiscoverythrew13onthepopularideaatthetimethatmanwastheworld'sonlytoolmaker.ThelongerGoodall'sresearchcontinues,themoreitbecomesobviousthatchimpsarevery14tohumans.Sincethemid­1980s,Goodallhasbeenlecturingaroundtheworldtoraisepeople'ssenseaboutenvironmental15.“Let'sliveinthenewagewithhope,respectforalllivingthings,understandingandlove，”shesaid.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了“联合国和平使者”简·古道尔的经验和她取得的成就。1．A.recognized B．knownC．accepted D．admitted解析：选Arecognize在此说明为“认可(功绩等)”，即很少有人得到全世界的认可。know知道；accept接受；admit承认。2．A.receiving B．givingC．enjoying D．having解析：选C表示“享有……头衔或称号”时，要用动词enjoy。3．A.done B．provedC．achieved D．realized解析：选C此处表示有这样一位女性做到了上面提到的全部，应用achieve。achieve达到，实现。do做；prove证明；realize意识到，实现，作“实现”讲时，其后宾语通常为dream。4．A.discoveries B．decisionsC．choices D．progress解析：选A通读全文可知，她最终有了一些宏大的发觉。5．A.accepted B．refusedC．received D．considered解析：选A依据下文内容可知，她接受了挚友的邀请，应用动词accept。6．A.only B．lastC．special D．first解析：选C通过上文的介绍“她对动物感爱好”等可知，她是一个特殊的、别出心裁的女孩。7．A.project B．studyC．centre D．career解析：选B名词study的含义是“探讨”，下文中的studyingthechimps是提示。8．A.hard B．interestingC．easy D．convenient解析：选C依据下文中黑猩猩一见她就逃离这一情节推断，探讨黑猩猩不是件简单的事。9．A.insurprise B．inahurryC．asexpected D．infear解析：选D依据下文的nottogettooclose和thechimpsbecameusedtoherpresence可知黑猩猩由于胆怯 而逃离。insurprise惊异地；inahurry匆忙地；asexpected正如预料的一样；infear胆怯 地。10．A.will B．bodyC．desire D．mind解析：选A正是因为她的坚毅意志她才有了最终的胜利。will意志；body身体；desire渴望；要求；mind头脑；办法。11．A.far B．nearC．soon D．much解析：选C从下一句开头的Gradually一词可以推断，她每天到森林里去，是想让黑猩猩渐渐地熟识她，而不希望一起先就接近它们而把它们吓跑。12．A.nets B．toolsC．holes D．spoons解析：选B由下一句中的toolmaker一词可知，本题的答案应为tools。13．A.doubt B．lightC．questions D．beliefs解析：选A这个新的发觉必定会让人们怀疑原来的一些观点。doubt怀疑；light光；question问题；belief信念。14．A.close B．similarC．friendly D．helpful解析：选B此处是表示黑猩猩与人类相像。besimilarto与……相像。becloseto离……近；befriendlyto对……友好；behelpfulto对……有帮助。15．A.improvement B．protectionC．pollution D．destruction解析：选B最终一句很明确地告知我们应留意爱护环境。improvement改进；提高；protection爱护；pollution污染；destruction破坏；歼灭。Ⅲ.语法填空Faradaywasthe1(invent)oftheelectricgeneratorandelectricmotor.Faraday'sfathersufferedfromlong­timehealthproblems,asaresultof2hisfamilyhadlittlemoneytoaffordhisformalschooling.Buthewascuriousanddeterminedtolearn.While3(work)inLondonasateenager,hehadachancetoread4(vary)booksthathecouldgethishandson.In1812,heattendedfourlecturesattheRoyalInstitutiongivenbyafamouschemistnamedHumphreyDavy.AyearlaterFaraday5(accept)asDavy'slabassistant.DavyalsotookFaradayon618­monthtourofEurope,whereFaradaymetsomeofthemostfamousscientistsoftheday.ButforDavy,Faraday7(lose)theopportunitytogainacompletescientificeducation.Hesoonbeganto