静脉临床七年制课件

TheVeins静脉GeneralfeatureThinwalls,largerlumens,venousvalves,venousplexus,venousreteTwosetsSuperficialveinDeepveinsSpecialstructures:sinusesofduramater硬脑膜窦diploicveins板障静脉Aplentyanastomosis静脉,临床七年制,Venousvalve静脉,临床七年制,DiploicveinsSinusesofduramater静脉,临床七年制,右心房右心室右房室口肺动脉口肺动脉肺毛细血管肺静脉左心房左心室左房室口主动脉体毛细血管上下腔静脉血液循环模式图主动脉口ThePulmonaryVeins肺循环静脉TheSystemicVeins体循环静脉静脉,临床七年制,二、肺循环的静脉——肺静脉

Pulmonaryvein动脉血肺静脉左心房静脉血右心室肺动脉肺毛细血管肺静脉有四条：左、右上肺静脉，左、右下肺静脉。静脉,临床七年制,动脉韧带静脉,临床七年制,（二）上腔静脉系统Thesuperiorvenacavaanditstirbutaries（三）下腔静脉系统Theinferiorvenacavaand

itstributariesincludinghepaticportalveinanditstributaries.

（一）心静脉系统

Theveinsoftheheart.三、体循环的静脉TheSystemicVeins

静脉,临床七年制,静脉,临床七年制,静脉,临床七年制,（一）心静脉系统冠状窦心大静脉心中静脉心小静脉心最小静脉心前静脉右心房各心腔右心房——收集心的静脉血静脉,临床七年制,（二）上腔静脉系统——收集头颈部、上肢和胸部的静脉血。1.头颈部静脉2.上肢静脉3.胸部静脉静脉,临床七年制,superiorvenacavabrachiocephalicveinBrachiocephalicveins

internaljugular

veinsubclavianvein

venousangle

internalthoracicvein

inferiorthyroidveins

静脉,临床七年制,1.头颈部静脉（1）浅静脉（2）深静脉面静脉颞浅静脉颈前静脉颈外静脉颅内静脉颈内静脉锁骨下静脉静脉,临床七年制,VeinsofheadandneckInternaljugularveinExternaljugularveinBrachiocephalicvein:venousangle静脉,临床七年制,Internaljugularvein

A.ThefacialveinB.theretromandibularvein

Thesubclavianvein

静脉,临床七年制,superficialtemporal

vein

maxillaryvein

retromandibularveinexternaljugularvein

internaljugularveinfacialvein

superiorthyroidvein

middlethyroidvein

pterygoidvenousplexus

inferiorthyroidvein

venousanglesubclavianvein

deepfacialvein静脉,临床七年制,危险三角

面静脉与颅内静脉的交通静脉,临床七年制,静脉,临床七年制,2.上肢静脉浅静脉：头静脉贵要静脉肘正中静脉深静脉：①与动脉伴行且同名。②远侧2/3，2条静脉与1条动脉伴行。腋静脉锁骨下静脉静脉,临床七年制,VeinsofupperlimbDeepvein:Superficialveins:cephalicv.头静脉basilicav.贵要静脉mediancubitalv.肘正中静脉静脉,临床七年制,A.Thesuperficialveinsoftheupperlimbcephalicvein

basilicvein

basilicvein

mediancubitalvein

medianantebrachialvein

Dorsalvenousreteofhand静脉,临床七年制,B.Thedeepveinsoftheupperlimbaxillaryveinsubclavianveinradialveinbrachialveinulnarvein静脉,临床七年制,ascendinglumbarvein

奇静脉azygosvein(1)Thehemiazygosvein(2)Theaccessoryhemiazygosvein

hemiazygosveinaccessoryhemiazygosveinrightposteriorintercostalveinleftposteriorintercostalvein3.胸部静脉Veinsofthorax上腔静脉Superiorvenacava静脉,临床七年制,ParietalTributariesAnteriorWallofThorax

1.Thoracoepigastricv.

axillaryv.

2.Anteriorintercostalvv.

internalthoracicv.brachiocephalicv.静脉,临床七年制,静脉,临床七年制,肋间后静脉奇静脉半奇静脉副半奇静脉壁支：后壁静脉,临床七年制,Veinsofvertebralcolumn静脉,临床七年制,脏支：VisceralTributaries1.Esophagealv.2.Bronchialv.

[esophagealvaricosevein]静脉,临床七年制,（三）下腔静脉系统3.腹部静脉1.盆部静脉2.下肢静脉——收集腹部、盆部和下肢的静脉血。静脉,临床七年制,髂内静脉髂外静脉髂总静脉下腔静脉静脉,临床七年制,1.盆部静脉——髂内静脉----收集盆部的静脉血，与同名动脉伴行。直肠静脉丛直肠上静脉肠系膜下静脉直肠下静脉阴部内静脉门静脉系统髂内静脉静脉,临床七年制,2.下肢静脉浅静脉：大隐静脉小隐静脉髂外静脉深静脉：与同名动脉伴行。静脉,临床七年制,大隐静脉的属支股外侧浅静脉股内侧浅静脉阴部外静脉腹壁浅静脉旋髂浅静脉静脉,临床七年制,VeinsoflowerlimbDeepvein:Superficialveins:greatsaphenousv.大隐静脉

smallsaphenous小隐静脉静脉,临床七年制,VeinsoftheLowerlimb

greatsaphenousvein

smallsaphenousvein

poplitealvein

superficiallateralfemoral

vein

superficialmedialfemoralvein

externalpudendalvein

superficialepigastricvein

superficialiliaccircumflexvein

A.thesuperficialveinsofthelowerlimb

静脉,临床七年制,B.thedeepveinsofthelowerlimb

femoralvein

poplitealvein

静脉,临床七年制,Thecommoniliacveins

(1)theinternaliliacvein

(2)theexternaliliacvein

inferiorvenacavacommoniliacveinsinternaliliacveinexternaliliacveinInferiorvenacavaanditstributaries

静脉,临床七年制,3.腹部静脉（1）下腔静脉属支（2）肝门静脉系统静脉,临床七年制,（1）下腔静脉属支壁支：膈下静脉腰静脉脏支：睾丸静脉

肾静脉肾上腺静脉肝静脉

静脉,临床七年制,Thetributariesoftheinferiorvenacava

(1)Theparietaltributaries

inferiorphrenicandlumbarvein

lumbarveininferiorphrenicveinascendinglumbarvein

静脉,临床七年制,(2)ThevisceraltributariesTheyare

thetesticularveins(male),theOvarianVeins(female),therenalveins,thesuprarenalveins,thehepaticveins

suprarenalveinsrenalveinstesticularveinshepaticveins静脉,临床七年制,病例患者金某，男，62岁，因呕血、便血等表现入院，检查发现患者存在食管静脉曲张、直肠静脉和腹壁静脉曲张。医生初步诊断肝硬化致门脉高压。静脉,临床七年制,静脉,临床七年制,静脉,临床七年制,两个问题什么是门脉高压？为什么门脉高压会引起呕血和便血等表现？静脉,临床七年制,三个知识点肝脏的功能：新陈代谢原料供应：消化系统输送工具：脉管系统静脉,临床七年制,（2）肝门静脉系统

1.收纳范围2.组成变异3.形成走向4.结构特点5.属支6.交通途径7.临床意义静脉,临床七年制,静脉,临床七年制,静脉,临床七年制,静脉,临床七年制,肝门静脉——由肠系膜上静脉和脾静脉汇合而成。——收集肝以外的腹腔不成对脏器静脉血。——连于两种不同的毛细血管之间、无瓣膜。——主要属支有肠系膜上、下静脉，胃左、右静脉，脾静脉，胆囊静脉，附脐静脉。——通过食管静脉丛、直肠静脉丛、脐周静脉网等与上、下腔静脉系统吻合。静脉,临床七年制,脾静脉肠系膜上静脉肠系膜下静脉胃左静脉胃右静脉胆囊静脉肝门静脉主要属支：副脐静脉静脉,临床七年制,◆

Fourramuscommunicansbetween

portalandsystemiccirculations静脉,临床七年制,交通途径（1）上腔静脉食管静脉丛食管静脉奇静脉胃左静脉肝门静脉

通过食管静脉丛和上腔静脉系相交通食管静脉丛食管静脉丛静脉,临床七年制,交通途径（2）直肠静脉丛下腔静脉直肠上静脉肝门静脉脾静脉肠系膜下静脉直肠静脉丛肛静脉直肠下静脉髂内静脉髂总静脉

通过直肠静脉丛和下腔静脉系相交通直肠静脉丛静脉,临床七年制,交通途径（3）

通过脐周静脉网和上、下腔静脉系相交通上腔静脉下腔静脉肝门静脉附脐静脉脐周静脉网腹壁上静脉腋静脉胸腹壁静脉胸廓内静脉胸外侧静脉腹壁浅静脉腹壁下静脉髂外静脉髂总静脉头臂静脉锁骨下静脉脐周静脉网脐周静脉网静脉,临床七年制,临床意义食管静脉丛曲张直肠静脉丛曲张脐周静脉丛曲张食管静脉丛脐周静脉网直肠静脉丛静脉曲张静脉,临床七年制,临床意义食管静脉丛曲张呕血直肠静脉丛曲张便血脐周静脉丛曲张海蛇头食管静脉曲张直肠静脉曲张“海蛇头”静脉曲张肝硬化门脉高压血液逆流侧支循环开放静脉,临床七年制,临床意义静脉曲张脾肿大腹水门脉高压三主症静脉,临床七年制,小结组成、收纳特点、属支交通途径（3个）肝门静脉hepa