04选择性暑期学习成果阶段检测卷（人教版2019）

04选择性必修第一册暑期学习成果阶段检测卷英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardstheagingpopulation?A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Undecided.【答案】A【原文】M:Theysaythepopulationisgettingolderandthatcouldcauseproblems.Whatdoyouthink?W:Iseeproblemsahead,becausefeweryoungpeoplewillpayfortheneedsofoldpeople.M:It’llallbeOK,becauserobotswilldomostofthework.2．Whowillprobablyhelpthemandothehouseworkinthefuture?A．Thewoman. B．Himself. C．Therobot.【答案】C【原文】W:Seeingthedoctorathome,shoppingathome,oh,wecandosomanythingsathomenowadays.M:Wecertainlycan.We’llhavearobottodothehouseworksomeday!3．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Marriedlife. B．Futureplans. C．Dreamschools.【答案】B【原文】M:Whatareyougoingtodoaftergraduation?W:IthinkI’llfindajobinaschoolfirst.Iwanttobeateacher.Andyou?M:Iintendtogobacktomyhometowntostartmyownbusinessandthengetmarried.4．Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?A．It’sbig. B．It’squiet. C．It’snew.【答案】B【原文】W:John,can’twegosomeplaceandtalk?It’ssonoisyinhere.M:Well,there’sasmallparkacrossthestreet.It’susuallynotcrowdedatthistimeofday.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Anewtechnology. B．Acarpany. C．Driverlesscars.【答案】B【原文】M:Takealookatthis!“Waymo,theselfdrivingtechnologypany,isingtoShanghai.”W:Wow,Ihaveheardaboutthepany,whichisexperiencedindevelopingdriverlesscars.M:I’mthinkingwhatchangeitwillbringtoChina.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Thefuturewayofworking.B．Howtofindasatisfyingjob.C．Thedevelopmentofputers.7．Whatdoesthemanmean?A．Hewouldgetmuchmoredoneathome.B．Workingathomemaynotbeforhim.C．HewouldliketowatchTVathome.【答案】6．A7．A【原文】W:Work?Inthefuture?Well,Ithinkaspaniesgetmoreputerized,they’refindingwaysofusingfewerworkers.M:Yeah.Andmoreandmorepeoplewillbeworkingathomebecauseofputers.W:Wow,I’dreallylovethat.Canyouimaginespendingmostofyourworkweekinthefortofyourownhome?M:Personally,Iwouldhavefreertimetableandgetmuchmoredone.Andwithemailsandphonecallsyoucanstillkeepintouchwitheveryoneyouneedto.W:Well,I’mafraidImightjustsitbackandturnontheTV!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8．Whatdothespeakersmainlytalkabout?A．Robotswilltakejobsfromhumans.B．Robotswillreplacehumansentirely.C．Robotswillbeintroducedintohomes.9．Howdoesthemanthinkaboutrobots?A．Theyarenotveryfriendly.B．Theybreakdownregularly.C．Theydomorewithlesscost.10．Whatpercentageofjobswillbeatriskduringthenextdecade?A．3%. B．15%. C．33%.【答案】8．A9．C10．C【原文】M:Inthefuture,manyofourcurrentjobswillbedonebyrobots.W:Thefutureiscloserthanyouthink.Severalofmyfriendswerefiredinacarfactory,becauserobotsarenowreplacingthem.M:Robotsdoofferbetteroutput(产量)forlesscost.Theycanoperatealldayandnight.W:Thisistrue,butmyfriendsarenolongerearninganymoney.M:Hopefullytheywillbeabletofindotherjobs.W:Itisgettinghardertofindajobthatwillnotbereplacedinafewyears’time.M:Thisistrue.Ireadareportthatsaidinthisdecade,3%ofjobswereatriskfrommachines.W:Ireadthesamereport.Thatnumberwouldjumpto33%duringthenextdecade.M:Yes,buttheyalsopointedoutthatrobotsandartificialintelligencecouldboosttheglobaleconomyby$15trillion.W:Doyouthinktheywillreplacelawyerslikeus?M:Notanytimesoon.W:Wehavetoworklonghours,butatleastwehavejobsecurity.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11．Whyisthemaninthepark?A．Tovolunteerforagovernmentdepartment.B．Todoresearchforaschoolproject.C．Tooffertourstovisitors.12．Whatconcernsthemanmostaboutthepark?A．Naturaldisasters. B．Onlineadvertising. C．Tourists’visiting.13．Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A．Signaform. B．Offeracashdonation. C．Joininsomeonlineactivities.【答案】11．A12．C13．A【原文】M:Hi,Miss,doyouhaveamomenttotalkaboutthehistoryofthispark?W:Sure.AreyouwiththeMexicanhistorydepartment?M:Yes,butonlytodonatemytimetohelpourgovernmentprotecttheoldbuildingsandparks.Now,wewanttomakesuretheparkisprotectedfromdamage,andwe’llcallformoresupportonsocialmedia.W:Greatidea.Itmustbedifficulttoprotectitfromstormsandearthquakes.M:Luckily,it’sstrongenoughtosurvivethedisasters.Therealissueisthousandsoftouristsvisitingeveryday.We’rehopingtopassrulesagainstvisitorswalkingandclimbingonthesevaluableremainsoftheoldbuildingsinthepark.W:Righton!IwishIhadsomemoneytodonate.IsthereaformforsupportersthatIcansign?M:Absolutely.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14．What’stheconversationmainlyabout?A．Fightingfire. B．Detectingfire. C．Preventingfire.15．Whatcanweknowfromtheconversation?A．Australialost4%ofitstrees.B．ThesystemisusedinAmerica.C．Thesystemwilluseheatcameras.16．Whatsizeoffirecanthenewsystemdiscover?A．Thesizeofacar.B．Thesizeofaplane.C．Thesizeofafootballfield.17．Whatisthewoman’sconcernbesidestrees?A．Protectinghumans. B．Purifyingtheair. C．Savinganimals.【答案】14．B15．C16．A17．C【原文】W:We’redevelopinganewtechnologythatcandetectforestfiresassoonastheystart.M:Thatsoundsamazing.Givenhowmanyfirestherehavebeenrecently,it’ssomethingtheworldextremelyneeds.W:Indeed.In2020alone,Californiahadover8,000fires,losingroughly4%ofthestate’strees.M:Thatistrulysurprising.W:Yes.TheotherplacewhereitwillbeusefulisAustralia.Atthestartoftheyear,therewere50separateforestfiresburningacrossthecountry.M:Sohowwillyournewdetectionsystemwork?W:We’regoingtouseanewrangeofsatelliteswhichhaveheatcameras.M:Don’tothersatelliteshavethose?W:Yes,butnoneissoadvanced.Theycandetectafirethesizeofafootballfield.Thenewsystemcansenseafirethesizeofacar.M:Andwillthatbeenoughofadifferencetostopthefirefromspreading?W:Webelieveso.Hopefullyitwillgivefirefightersenoughtimetostopitbeforeitgetstoobig.Iftheygettheplaneupintime,theywillputoutthefirequickly.M:Ifitworks,Ireallyhopeyougetrecognitionforit.W:Ijustwanttotryandstoptreesfromburning,andmoreimportantly,protectthepooranimalsthatliveinthem.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18．Whatwillcontrolthetreehouse’stemperature?A．Theroof. B．Theleaves. C．Thesoil.19．Whatisthemostimportantdesignofalizardhouse?A．Changingcolors. B．Collectingsunlight. C．Producingenergy.20．Whycanthechimneybeausefulairconditioner?A．Itallowscoolairtoein.B．Itiseasyforhotairtoflowout.C．Itcanprotectthehousefromstrongcoldair.【答案】18．C19．A20．B【原文】W:Wewon’tknowwhatthefuturehousewilllooklike,butwecanimaginethreekindsofhouses.Thefirstoneisthetreehouse.Likealeaf,thesurfaceofthehousecollectssunlightduringtheday.Theenergycanbeusedtoheatwater,produceelectricityandevencreatefreshairforthehome.Therootofthehouseisdeepundertheground.Itusesthesoiltocontrolthehome’stemperature.Thesecondoneisthelizardhome.Likealizard,changingcolorswiththeweatheristhemostimportantdesignofalizardhouse.Whenit’sinthebrightsun,thecoverofthehousewillturndarktoprotectitfromstrongheat.Duringthedarkdays,itturnswhiteandtakesinasmuchlightandheataspossibletoproduceenergy.Thelastoneisthechimneyhouse.Insuchahouse,achimneycanbeausefulairconditionerbecauseitiseasierforhotairtoflowoutofthechimney.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASomebeachesareperfectforrelaxing,whileothersofferactivitieslikehikingandwatersports.Visitthesebeautifulbeachesforanunforgettablevacation.CannonBeachIfyourperfectbeachvacationspotfeaturespostcardworthysceneryandpeace,looknofurtherthanCannonBeach.InthisPacificNorthwesttown,youcanevenbuildafireonthebeachtorelaxbesidewhilewatchingthesunset.Whenyouneedabreakfromthebeach,grababikeandheaddowntowntoexploreitsartgalleries,shopsandrestaurants.HorseshoeBayBeachForaoneofakindbeachexperience,headtoHorseshoeBayBeachonBermuda’sSouthShore.Knownforitspinksand,thisbeachisapopulardestinationforfamilieslookingtoplayinthecalmbluegreenwatersandbuildblushcoloredsandcastles.Adventureseekerscanalsotakepartintheselfguidedislandbicycletourorengageinexcitingwatersports.MoheganBluffsThisbeachisfamousforitsnaturalbeauty.Uponarrival,pausetoadmireyoursurroundingsandlearnaboutitstiestothenativepeople,theirancienttraditions,andconnectiontotheland,addingdepthtoyourbeachexperience.Then,takethe141stepsdowntothesandtosunbathe.Afterthat,climbbackuptovisittheSoutheastLightforanupcloseviewofits18thcenturylighthouse.SouthBeachThistropicaldistrictonFlorida’sAtlanticCoastisworldrenownedforitspowderywhitesand.AlthoughtechnicallypartoftheMiamiBeacharea,SouthBeachstandsoutduetoitsArtDecoarchitectureseenineverythingfromthebeachfrontlifeguardtowerstothehighrisebuildingsalongthefamedOceanDrive.21．WhatsimilaritydoCannonBeachandHorseshoeBayBeachshare?A．Thechancetocyclearound. B．Theirlivelyartisticscene.C．Theuniquewatersports. D．Theirdistinctivesandcolor.22．WhoismostlikelyattractedtoMoheganBluffs?A．Thoseseekingwatersports. B．Fansofmodernlighthouses.C．Thoseinterestedinlocalculture. D．Enthusiastsofmountainclimbing.23．WhatsetsSouthBeachapartfromtherestoftheMiamiBeacharea?A．Itsbeachsand. B．Itsarchitecturalstyle.C．Itsoceandrive. D．Itshighrisebuildings.【答案】21．A22．C23．B【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了一些美丽的海滩。21．细节理解题。根据CannonBeach部分中“Whenyouneedabreakfromthebeach,grababikeandheaddowntowntoexploreitsartgalleries,shopsandrestaurants.(当你需要离开海滩休息一下的时候，可以骑上一辆自行车，前往市中心的艺术画廊、商店和餐馆)”和HorseshoeBayBeach部分中“Adventureseekerscanalsotakepartintheselfguidedislandbicycletourorengageinexcitingwatersports.(喜欢冒险的人还可以参加岛上的自助自行车之旅，或者参加刺激的水上运动)”可知，两个海滩的共同点是都可以在周围骑行，故选A。22．细节理解题。根据MoheganBluffs部分中“Uponarrival,pausetoadmireyoursurroundingsandlearnaboutitstiestothenativepeople,theirancienttraditions,andconnectiontotheland,addingdepthtoyourbeachexperience.(抵达后，停下来欣赏周围的环境，了解它与当地人的联系，他们的古老传统，以及与土地的联系，为您的海滩体验增添深度)”可知，对当地文化感兴趣的人最有可能被MoheganBluffs所吸引，故选C。23．细节理解题。根据SouthBeach部分中“AlthoughtechnicallypartoftheMiamiBeacharea,SouthBeachstandsoutduetoitsArtDecoarchitectureseenineverythingfromthebeachfrontlifeguardtowerstothehighrisebuildingsalongthefamedOceanDrive.(虽然严格来说是迈阿密海滩地区的一部分，但南海滩因其装饰艺术建筑而引人注目，从海滨救生塔到著名的海洋大道沿线的高层建筑，随处可见)”可知，SouthBeach因其装饰艺术风格的建筑而脱颖而出，故选B。BBeforearrivinginChina,IhadreadvariousbooksrelatingtoChina,andmyfascinationwereincreasing.Therefore,whenIarrived,Icouldn’thavebeenmoreexcitedtobelivinginthishugehistoricallyandculturallyrichcountry.Thefood,thelandmarks,thebigcitiesandeverydaylife—Icouldn’twaittoexplore.Yetdespitemypassion,learningChinesehadn’tevenenteredmymind.Thiswasn’tlaziness,butratherfearatthethoughtoftryingtolearnwhatisregardedasthemostdifficultlanguageintheworld.Besidesthis,IwaslivinginShanghai,aninternationalcity,withmanypeoplespeakingEnglishasasecondlanguage—IdecidedEnglishwouldbeenough.However,afterayearinChinaIbegantoobservethatwhilemanyforeignersdidnotspeakChinese,therewereplentywhodid.Perhapsitwasachievableafterall?Inaddition,IfeltunfortablewithhowmanyChinesepeoplecouldspeakEnglishandyetIcouldn’tevenspeakthemostbasicChinese.Withthesefactorsinmindandathirstforanewchallenge,IdecidedtobeginmylanguagejourneyandmyonlyregretisthatIdidn’tstartearlier.LearningtospeakChineseisn’tasinsurmountableasIoncethought.WhenIspeaktonativeChinesespeakersinChinese,theyalmostalwaysunderstandme,IhavealsonotfoundittoodifficulttoremembercharactersandIamnowevenabletowriteover400characters.ThethingIfindmostchallengingislisteningsincenativespeakerstalkatsuchaspeed.Ican’talwaysunderstandwhat’sbeensaid.MybiggesttakeawayfromlearningChineseisthatit’snotonlyachievablebutcanalsobeenjoyable.LearningChinesenotonlyhelpedmeindaytodaylife,butdeepenedmyculturalunderstandingofsuchafascinatingcountry.So,toallmynonChinesefriendsIsaythis,takeupthechallengeandtaketheleapoffaith.24．Whydidn’ttheauthorlearnChinesewhenhearrivedinChinain2017?A．HeshowednopassionforChina. B．Hewasunwillingtomaketheeffort.C．Heavoidedlearningasecondlanguage. D．Heavoideddoingsomethingdifficult.25．WhatcausedtheauthortolearnChinese?A．Hisregretaboutstartinglearninglate. B．Supportfrommanyfriendsaroundhim.C．Eagernesstotakeupthechallenge. D．Athirsttoprovehisgiftforlanguage.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“insurmountable”inthe5thparagraphmean?A．Valueless. B．Difficult. C．Unnecessary. D．Unacceptable.27．Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’sexperience?A．Lovebreaksdowndifficulties. B．Hardworkpaysoff.C．Hardworkisthekeytosuccess. D．Braveryopensupanewworld.【答案】24．D25．C26．B27．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者一开始到中国时因为惧怕困难而不想学习中文，但是在中国一年后作者决定接受这个挑战，在认真学习后，作者发现学习中文不仅对其日常生活有帮助，而且加深了自己对这个迷人国家的文化理解。24．细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“Yetdespitemypassion,learningChinesehadn’tevenenteredmymind.Thiswasn’tlaziness,butratherfearatthethoughtoftryingtolearnwhatisregardedasthemostdifficultlanguageintheworld.(尽管我对中文充满热情，但我从未想过要学习中文。这并不是懒惰，而是一想到要学习被认为是世界上最难的语言就害怕。)”可知，作者2017年到中国时不学中文是因为他逃避做困难的事情。故选D。25．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Withthesefactorsinmindandathirstforanewchallenge,IdecidedtobeginmylanguagejourneyandmyonlyregretisthatIdidn’tstartearlier.(考虑到这些因素和对新挑战的渴望，我决定开始我的语言之旅，我唯一的遗憾是我没有早点开始。)”可知，对新挑战的渴望促使作者开始学习中文。故选C。26．词句猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“asIoncethought(像我原本以为的)”和第三段前两句“Yetdespitemypassion,learningChinesehadn’tevenenteredmymind.Thiswasn’tlaziness,butratherfearatthethoughtoftryingtolearnwhatisregardedasthemostdifficultlanguageintheworld.(尽管我对中文充满热情，但我从未想过要学习中文。这并不是懒惰，而是一想到要学习被认为是世界上最难的语言就害怕。)”可知，此处是指学习中文并不像“我”原本以为的那样难，所以insurmountable意为“困难的”。故选B。27．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“LearningChinesenotonlyhelpedmeindaytodaylife,butdeepenedmyculturalunderstandingofsuchafascinatingcountry.So,toallmynonChinesefriendsIsaythis,takeupthechallengeandtaketheleapoffaith.(学习中文不仅对我的日常生活有帮助，而且加深了我对这个迷人国家的文化理解。所以，我要对我所有的非中国朋友说，接受挑战，大胆地迈出信念的一步。)”可知，从作者的经历中可以了解到勇敢接受挑战会打开新世界的大门。故选D。CSomecivilizationsrecordtheirpastswithartorbooks.Otherspassonhistorythroughfolksongsanddances.InSingapore,thestoryofhowaramshacklefishingvillageinSoutheastAsiadevelopedintoawealthyandmoderncountryoftenesinspoonfulsofpepperyporkribsouporbitesoffriedeggnoodlesatitshawkercenters(小贩中心).Forvisitors,hawkercentersmightjustseemlikefoodcourts:Followyournoseorthelongestline,thenpayafewSingaporedollarsforaplateoffoodtoenjoyatasharedtable.ForSingaporeans,hawkercultureisaboutmorethanjustagoodmeal.Thesefoodcentersaresymbolsofthecountry’sdiversifiedculture.HawkercentersaresocentraltoSingaporethatthecountryrecentlyledasuccessfulcampaigntohavethepracticelistedastheUNESCOIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanity.Toacmodate(容纳)Singapore’sdiversifiedpopulation,thegovernmentmadesurethehawkercentersincludedMalay,Indian,andChinesestoreowners.“Hawkercentersarelikelythefirstplaceswherepeoplewilltryanotherethnicgroup’sfood,”saysCheeKienLai,authorofEarlyHawkersinSingapore.“They’reopentoeveryone.YoucangetChinesefoodortryIndiancuisineandgetconnectedtodifferentculturesandreligions.”AfterSingapore’srapiddevelopmentinthe1970sand80s,therewasasuddenstopintheconstructionofhawkercenters.Everybodywasconcentratingonbeingaknowledgebasedsociety.Bythetimethegovernmentreturnedtobuildingnewhawkercentersin2011,manypeoplewonderediftherewereenoughpeopletocarryonthetradition.“Eventhoughlocalsloveeatingathawkercenters,fewareinterestedinrunningasmallfoodshopthemselves,”saysChee.“Thecostoflaborhasgoneup,withtheyounger,bettereducatedgenerationputoffbythelonghoursandphysicalworkthejobrequires.Asaginghawkersretire,theirrecipesriskextinction.”That’soneofthereasonsthat,in2019,Singapore’sNationalHeritageBoardputthehawkersforwardforUNESCOrecognition.“Weneedtomakethemourlocalculturalheroes,”saysTay.28．Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“ramshackle”inparagraphl?A．Poor. B．Big. C．Unfriendly. D．Pretty.29．ForSingaporeans,thehawkercentersare__________.A．ameansofpassingontheirhistory B．aneasywaytoearnalivingC．symbolsofbeingamoderncountry D．justgoodplacesforcheapfood30．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph4?A．Singaporehasaverydiversifiedpopulation.B．Hawkercentersdeclinedshortlyafterthe1980s.C．Thereisintensepetitionamongthehawkers.D．Youngpeopleenjoyworkingatthehawkercenters.31．WhatisCheeKienLaiworriedabout?A．Therisingpricesoffood. B．ThehighcostoflaborinSingapore.C．Thedisappearanceofhawkercenters. D．Alackofcustomersforhawkercenters.【答案】28．A29．A30．B31．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了被列为联合国非物质文化遗产的新加坡小贩中心。28．词句猜测题。根据画线词后“developedintoawealthyandmoderncountry(发展成为一个富裕和现代化的国家)”可推断，ramshackle与wealthy,modern的意思相反，也就是意为“贫穷的”，和poor意思相近。故选A。29．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thesefoodcentersaresymbolsofthecountry’sdiversifiedculture.(这些美食中心是这个国家多元文化的象征。)”可知，对新加坡人来说，小贩中心是他们传承历史的一种方式。故选A。30．推理判断题。根据第四段“AfterSingapore’srapiddevelopmentinthe1970sand80s,therewasasuddenstopintheconstructionofhawkercenters.Everybodywasconcentratingonbeingaknowledgebasedsociety.(新加坡在上世纪七八十年代快速发展之后，小贩中心的建设突然停止。每个人都专注于成为一个知识型社会。)”可推断，在上世纪八十年代，小贩中心开始走下坡路了。故选B。31．推理判断题。根据第五段“Asaginghawkersretire,theirrecipesriskextinction.(随着上了年纪的小贩退休，他们的食谱面临着灭绝的危险。)”可知，CheeKienLai担心小贩中心会消亡。故选C。DMorethan1billionchildren,teenagersandadultslivewithobesity(肥胖)aroundtheworld,makingitthemostmonformofmalnutritioninmanycountries,accordingtoastudypublishedonThursdayinthejournalTheLancet.“PreviousestimatesbytheWorldObesityFederationsuggestedthattherewouldbe1billionpeoplelivingwithobesityby2030,butthatnumberwasalreadyovertakenin2022,”Dr.MajidEzzati,seniorauthorofthestudyandprofessoratImperialCollegeLondon,saidinanewsconferenceonThursday.“Wehadn’texpectedthatthethingshappenedsofast.”Thenewglobalstudy,conductedbymorethan1,500researchersfromtheNonmunicableDiseasesRiskFactorCollaborationandtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),analyzedtheheightandweightmeasurementsofover220millionpeoplefrommorethan190countries.Thestudyfocusedonratesofunderweightandobesity,bothformsofmalnutritionthatareharmfultopeople’shealth.Adultswereregardedasobeseiftheirbodymassindex(指数)(BMI)wasgreaterthanorequalto30andconsideredasunderweightiftheirBMIwasbelow18.5.Childrenandteenagersweredefinedasobeseorunderweightbasedonageandsex,accordingtothestudy.“Undernutritionandobesityaretwofacesofthesameproblem,whichisthelackofaccesstoahealthydiet,”Dr.FrancescoBranca,directoroftheWHODepartmentofNutritionandFoodSafety,saidinthenewsconference.“Publicpolicymustaimtoimprovemonitoringoffoodproducersandensurefairaccesstohealthyandnutritiousfoodforeveryone.Over3billionpeopleintheworldstillcannotaffordahealthydiet.”France,whichsawasteadylevelinitsobesityratesinthestudy,hascarriedoutanationalplancalledProgrammeNationalNutritionSantéthatsetsobjectivesfornutritionalpolicyattheindustry,consumerandresearchlevels.CountriesinSouthAmericahavebeguncarryingoutfrontofpackagenutritionallabellingthatincludesclearwarningsaboutfat,sugarandsaltlevels.Mexicohasledthewayontaxationofsweeteneddrinks,andinChile,processedfoodscannotbemarketedtochildren.32．HowdoesEzzatifeelaboutthenumberofobesepeopleworldwidein2022?A．Disappointed. B．Astonished.C．Amused. D．Relieved.33．Howdidtheresearchersconductthenewstudy?A．Byaskingquestions. B．Byanalyzingdata.C．Bymakingobservations. D．Bycarryingoutexperiments.34．Foradults,whichBMImeansnormalweightaccordingtothestudy?A．33. B．30.C．20. D．18.35．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．ThegoodhabitsofteenagersinSouthAmerica.B．Thedifferencesindietamongdifferentcountries.C．TheproblemsofrisingobesityratesfacedbyFrance.D．Themeasurestakenbyseveralcountriestoaddressobesity.【答案】32．B33．B34．C35．D【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是全球肥胖症的严重性和普遍性，以及不同国家为应对肥胖问题所采取的政策和措施。32．推理判断题。根据第二段“PreviousestimatesbytheWorldObesityFederationsuggestedthattherewouldbe1billionpeoplelivingwithobesityby2030,butthatnumberwasalreadyovertakenin2022(世界肥胖联合会此前的估计显示，到2030年将有10亿人患有肥胖症，但这一数字在2022年就已经超过了这一数字)”和“Wehadn’texpectedthatthethingshappenedsofast.(我们没有预料到事情发生得这么快。)”可知，Ezzati对于2022年全球肥胖人口的数量感到震惊。故选B。33．推理判断题。根据第三段“Thenewglobalstudy,conductedbymorethan1,500researchersfromtheNonmunicableDiseasesRiskFactorCollaborationandtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),analyzedtheheightandweightmeasurementsofover220millionpeoplefrommorethan190countries.(这项新的全球研究由来自非传染性疾病风险因素协作组织和世界卫生组织（世卫组织）的1500多名研究人员进行，分析了来自190多个国家的2.2亿多人的身高和体重测量数据。)”可知，研究者是通过分析数据进行研究的。故选B。34．推理判断题。根据第四段“Adultswereregardedasobeseiftheirbodymassindex(指数)(BMI)wasgreaterthanorequalto30andconsideredasunderweightiftheirBMIwasbelow18.5.(如果成年人的身体质量指数（BMI）大于或等于30，则被视为肥胖；如果BMI低于18.5，则被视为体重过轻。)”可推断，对于成年人来说，身体质量指数为20，属于正常体重。故选C。35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“France,whichsawasteadylevelinitsobesityratesinthestudy,hascarriedoutanationalplancalledProgrammeNationalNutritionSantéthatsetsobjectivesfornutritionalpolicyattheindustry,consumerandresearchlevels.CountriesinSouthAmericahavebeguncarryingoutfrontofpackagenutritionallabellingthatincludesclearwarningsaboutfat,sugarandsaltlevels.Mexicohasledthewayontaxationofsweeteneddrinks,andinChile,processedfoodscannotbemarketedtochildren.(在这项研究中，法国的肥胖率处于稳定水平，该国已经实施了一项名为“国家营养老人计划”的国家计划，为工业、消费者和研究层面的营养政策设定了目标。南美国家已经开始在食品包装的正面贴上营养标签，明确警告脂肪、糖和盐的含量。墨西哥在对含糖饮料征税方面走在了前面，在智利，加工食品不能向儿童销售。)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了一些国家为解决肥胖问题所采取的措施。故选D。第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Althoughmostemptyplasticbottlesarethrown,thereareactuallymanyotherwaysyoucanreusethemotherthandrinking.36.Herearesomeinterestingtipstousewithemptyplasticbottles.CutoffthebiscuitsWhenmakingbiscuits,didyoujustrealizeyoudidn’thaveanytoolstocutthem?Youjustneedasmallorlargeplasticbottledependingonyourneeds.Firstcutthebottleintohalf.37.SeparateeggsDoyoufinditchallengingtoseparateeggs?38.Breaktheeggsintoabowl.Removethelid,pressthebottle,puttheendsintotheeggyolk(蛋黄)andstopthepressure.Thisway,theeggyolkwillbetakenintothebottlewhiletheeggwhitewillremainontheplate.Inthisway,separatingeggsisn’tachallengingproblem.39Wanttoremovefliesinyourgardensafely?Useplasticbottles.Cutthebottleintohalfandplaceasweetsyrup(糖浆)atthebottom.Thenplacethetopinthebottomsothatthebottlemouthfacesdown.Theflywillbeattractedtothesmellandflyintothebottlehole.Onceinthebottle,theflywillclimbthroughanarrowopeningwithoutthinkingabouthowtogetoutandeventuallydies.AirconditionerSometimes,thefanremoveshotairanddoesnotcooltheroombutnowwehaveasolution!40Then,placethebottlewithiceonthefloorforahighfan.Putthefanbehindthebottleandthefanwillblowthecoldairasthebottlewithicecausesthetemperaturetobelower.A．ThetrapB．TheharmoffliesC．PourthewateroutfromthelargebottlesD．YoucansolvethisproblemwithplasticbottlesE．FilltwolargebottleswithwaterandturnintoiceF．AndthenyoujusttakeoneoftwopartstocutthecookiesG．Theyallowyoutorecyclecreativelyforavarietyofpurposes【答案】36．G37．F38．D39．A40．E【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了空塑料瓶的一些另外的用途。36．前文“Althoughmostemptyplasticbottlesarethrown,thereareactuallymanyotherwaysyoucanreusethemotherthandrinking.(虽然大多数空塑料瓶都被扔了，但实际上除了喝水，还有很多其他的方法可以重复使用它)”表明可以重复使用空塑料瓶，后文“Herearesomeinterestingtipstousewithemptyplasticbottles.(以下是一些使用空塑料瓶的有趣技巧)”引出下文巧妙利用空塑料瓶的方法，G选项“它们允许你创造性地回收用于各种目的”承上启下，其中They指代上文的manyotherways，符合语境。故选G。37．前文“Whenmakingbiscuits,didyoujustrealizeyoudidn’thaveanytoolstocutthem?Youjustneedasmallorlargeplasticbottledependingonyourneeds.(在做饼干的时候，你是不是突然意识到你没有任何工具来切割它们？你只需要一个大小取决于你的需要的塑料瓶)”表示塑料瓶可以帮助切饼干，前一句“Firstcutthebottleintohalf.(首先把瓶子切成两半)”表示空处为切饼干的步骤，F选项“然后再用其中的一半来切饼干”表示第二个步骤。故选F。38．前文“Doyoufinditchallengingtoseparateeggs?(你觉得分离鸡蛋很有挑战性吗)”引出问题，表示本段说明可以用废弃塑料瓶来分隔鸡蛋，D选项“你可以用塑料瓶来解决这个问题”为对于前文提到问题的回答，符合语境。故选D。39．空处为小标题，下文第一句“Wanttoremovefliesinyourgardensafely?Useplasticbottles.(想要安全地清除花园中的苍蝇？使用塑料瓶)”表示这一段描述可以用塑料瓶来捕捉苍蝇，再结合下文“Cutthebottleintohalfandplaceasweetsyrupatthebottom.Thenplacethetopinthebottomsothatthebottlemouthfacesdown.Theflywillbeattractedtothesmellandflyintothebottlehole.(把瓶子切成两半，在底部放上糖浆。然后把瓶盖盖在底部，使瓶口朝下。苍蝇会被气味吸引，飞进瓶子洞)”表示塑料瓶可以用来做苍蝇的捕捉器陷阱。A选项“陷阱”很好地概括这一段内容。故选A。40．后文“Then,placethebottlewithiceonthefloorforahighfan.Putthefanbehindthebottleandthefanwillblowthecoldairasthebottlewithicecausesthetemperaturetobelower.(然后，把装有冰