Unit4HistoryandTraditionsReadingandThinking课件高中英语人教版22

Unit4HistoryandTraditionsPeriod2ReadingandThinking课前自主预习Newwordskingdomn.王国；领域acountry，state，orterritoryruledbyakingorqueenanimalkingdom动物界unitedkingdom联合王国(英国)chiefadj.最重要的；最高级别的n.(公司或机构的)首领；酋长

aleaderorrulerofapeopleorclanchiefexecutive行政长官inchief主要地，尤其puzzlen.谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑Ifsomethingpuzzlesyou，youdonotunderstanditandfeelconfused.jigsawpuzzle七巧板；智力拼图玩具crosswordpuzzle纵横字谜游戏nearbyadj.附近的；邻近的adv.在附近nearinposition；notfarawaycurrencyn.通货；货币thesystemofmoneythatacountryusesforeigncurrency外币currencyexchange货币兑换；外汇兑换militaryadj.军事的；军用的connectedwithsoldiersorthearmedforcesmilitarytraining军事训练；军训militaryaffairs军事；军务defencen.防御；保卫theactionofdefendingfromorresistingattackdefenceforces国防军nationaldefence国防legaladj.法律的；合法的connectedwiththelawlegalprotection法律保护；合法保护legalsystem法律制度surroundvt.围绕；包围tobeallaroundsth/sbsurroundspeaker环绕声音箱surroundsound环绕立体声evidence

n.证据；证明thefacts，signsorobjectsthatmakeyoubelievethatsthistruegiveevidence作证inevidence明显的achievementn.成就；成绩；达到athingthatsbhasdonesuccessfully，especiallyusingtheirowneffortandskillOutstandingachievement业绩；杰出成就academicachievement学业成就；学业成绩课文呈现Learnaboutacountrythroughitshistory1Beforeyouread,discussthequestionsinpairs.Lookatthemapbelow.WhatdoesitshowWhatisitusedforThemapshowstheBritishIsles，theislandswhichmakeuptheGreatBritain(England，Scotland，andWales)andIreland(IrelandandNorthernIreland).ItisusedtoshowthefourdifferentcountriesthatmakeuptheUKandsomeofthemajorcities.2Readthetextandanswerthequestions.1WhatarethefourcountriesoftheUnitedKingdomWhichtwowerethefirsttobejoinedtogether2Accordingtothetext，whataretwochiefadvantagesofstudyingthehistoryofacountryReadamapWhenyoulookatamap，thinkfirstaboutwhatthemapshowsandwhatthesymbolsmean.1WhatarethefourcountriesoftheUnitedKingdomWhichtwowerethefirsttobejoinedtogetherThefourcountriesoftheUnitedKingdomareEngland，Wales，ScotlandandNorthernIreland.EnglandandWaleswerethefirsttwotobejoinedtogether.2Accordingtothetext，whataretwochiefadvantagesofstudyingthehistoryofacountryThetwochiefadvantagesofstudyingthehistoryofacountryaretohelpyouunderstandmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditionsandtomakevisitingitmoreenjoyable.WHAT′SINANAMETheUnitedKingdom，GreatBritain，Britain，England-manypeopleareconfusedbywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem，ifanyGettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle.Inthe16thcentury，thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.Later，inthe18thcentury，thecountryScotlandwasjoinedtocreatetheKingdomofGreatBritain.Inthe19thcentury，theKingdomofIrelandwasaddedtocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.Finally，inthe20thcentury，thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK，whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday：theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname：“theUnitedKingdom”or“theUK”.PeoplefromtheUKarecalled“British”，whichmeanstheUKisalsooftenreferredtoasBritainorGreatBritain.ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.However，theyalsohavesomedifferences.Forexample，England，Wales，Scotland，andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystemsandlegalsystems.Theyalsohavetheirowntraditions，liketheirownnationaldaysandnationaldishes.AndtheyevenhavetheirownfootballteamsforcompetitionsliketheWorldCup!TheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinterestinghistorytoexplore，whichcanhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.Thefirstgroup，theRomans，cameinthefirstcentury.Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads.Next，theAnglo-Saxonsarrivedinthefifthcentury.TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage，andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses.TheVikingscameintheeighthcentury，leftbehindlotsofnewvocabulary，andalsothenamesofmanylocationsacrosstheUK.ThelastgroupweretheNormans.TheyconqueredEnglandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastingsinthe11thcentury.TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland，andmadechangestothelegalsystem.TheNormanswereFrench，somanyFrenchwordsslowlyenteredintotheEnglishlanguage.ThereissomuchmoretolearnabouttheinterestinghistoryandcultureoftheUnitedKingdom.Studyingthehistoryofthecountrywillmakeyourvisitmuchmoreenjoyable.ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart，asitisanancientportcitythathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes.Therearecountlesshistoricsitestoexplore，andlotsofmuseumswithancientrelicsfromallovertheUK.TheUKisafascinatingmixofhistoryandmodernculture，withbothnewandoldtraditions.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.3Readagainandsortouttheinformationaccordingtothetimeline.When?Whathappened?Whatchanged?________Romansarrived_______________________Anglo-Saxonscame_______________________Vikingscame_______________1thcentury5thcentury6thcenturylanguageandwayhouseswerebuilttownsandroadsvocabularyandnamesoflocationsacrosstheUKWhen?Whathappened?Whatchanged?11thcentury_________________________________________________________________________________________________________16thcentury_____________________________________________NormansconqueredEnglandaftertheBattleofHastingscastlesbuilt,legalsystemchanged,andnewwordsfromFrenchintroducedWaleswasjoinedtoKingdomofEnglandWhen?Whathappened?Whatchanged?18thcentury___________________________________________________________________________________________19thcentury___________________________________________________________________________ScotlandwasjoinedtoEnglandandWalesIrelandwasadded“KingdomofGreatBritain”formed/created“UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland”formed/createdWhen?Whathappened?Whatchanged?20thcentury__________________________________________________________________________________________thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawaynamechangedto“UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland”4CompletetheconversationabouttheUKusingthephrasesintheircorrectforms.aswellasbelongtoaddtojointobreakawaykeepyoureyesopenA：IcanneverrememberwhattheUKmeans!There′sEngland，Britain，_________GreatBritain!B：Well，ithelpsifyourememberthattherearefourcountriesthat___________theUK.That′swhyit′scalledtheUnitedKingdom.aswellasbelongtoaswellasbelongtoaddtojointobreakawaykeepyoureyesopenA：FourcountriesImusthavebeenasleepinthatpartofourhistoryclass!SothefirstcountrywasEngland，andtheotherswere__________thatB：Yes，right，FirstEngland，thenWales，thenScotland，ThelastcountrywasIreland，butlaterthesouthernhalfdidn′twanttobe___________theUnitedKingdom.addedtojoinedtoaswellasbelongtoaddtojointobreakawaykeepyoureyesopenA：Oh，Iremembernow!Thesouthernpart___________fromNorthernIreland，rightB：Yes，yougotitwellremembered!But__________________inhistoryclassnexttime!keepyoureyesopenbrokeaway5Discussthequestionsingroups.1Whyisitimportanttostudythehistoryandcultureofacountrybeforevisitingit2WhatimportantthingsshouldvisitorsknowaboutbeforetheycometoChina1WhyisitimportanttostudythehistoryandcultureofacountrybeforevisitingitStudyingacountry′shistoryandculturebeforevisitingitisimportantbecauseitwillhelpyouunderstandtheplacebetterandhaveamoreenjoyableexperience.2WhatimportantthingsshouldvisitorsknowaboutbeforetheycometoChinaVisitorstoChinashouldknowsomethingaboutthehistoryofthecountryandabouttheculturaltraditionsoftheareabeingvisited，suchasthefoodeaten，orthefestivalscelebratedthere.考点精讲1.

puzzlen．谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑Eg.GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle．了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。(1)beinapuzzle

感到困惑beapuzzletosb．

对某人来说是个谜(2)puzzleabout/over 苦苦思考(3)puzzledadj．

困惑的，迷惑不解的puzzlingadj．

令人迷惑不解的①Whatpuzzledmewashowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened．令我感到困惑的这个事故是怎么发生的。②I′minapuzzleastohowtogetalongwithhim．对如何和他相处使我感到困惑。既学既练①Youmusthavebeentroubledbywhentosay“Iloveyou”becauseitisoneofthegreatest___________(puzzle)inourlife．②Theirreasonfordoingitisstillapuzzle_______me．——单句语法填空puzzlesto③Thesescientistshavebeenpuzzling___________how

tosolvetheenvironmentalproblem．④The___________lookonherfacesuggestedshewas

__________overthe__________maths

problem．

(puzzle)about/overpuzzledpuzzlingpuzzling2.

join...to...把…和…连接或联结起来Eg.Inthe16thcentury，thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland．16世纪，附近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。(1)jointhearmy/club

参军/加入俱乐部joinin 参加(比赛、活动等)(2)connect···with··· 把···和···联系起来①Theisland，joinedtothemainlandbyabridge，iseasytogo．岛上有一座桥与大陆相连，去那里很方便.②PeopleallovertheworldusuallyconnectChinawithsilkandgoodfood．世界各地的人们通常把中国与丝绸和美食联系在一起.链接写作——完成句子①Itissaidthatmorethantwohundredstudentshave______________________(参加讨论)．②AsfarasIknow，itisfiveyearssincehe____________________________(参军)．joinedinthediscussionjoinedthearmy3.

breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱Eg.Finally，inthe20thcentury，thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK，whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday：theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland．最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，这导致了我们今天有的英国的全名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。breakdown

损坏；发生故障；分解；累垮breakinto 破门而入breakout (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生breakup 结束；破裂①However，thesouthernpartofIrelandwasunwillingandbrokeawaytoformitsowngovernment．然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。②Ittookgreatcouragetobreakawayfromhisfamilyatthattime．在那时与家庭决裂需要勇气。既学既练①Ifyougoonworkinglikethat，youwill____________soonerorlater．②Afire____________inthishotellastnightandthreepeoplewerekilled．——用break的相关短语填空breakdownbrokeout③Withsomanyproblemsunsettled，afewcountries

wantedto_________________theUnion．④Inmyopinion，marriagebasedonmoneyislikelyto

__________．breakawayfrombreakup4.

belongto属于Eg.ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas．属于英国的四个国家在某些领域进行合作。(1)belongto

表示“属于”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态(2)belongingsn． 财产，所有物①Nomatterwhathappens，TaiwanbelongstoChina．不论发生什么事情，台湾都属于中国。②ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuturebelongstothewell­-educated．威廉姆教授一直告诫他的学生们未来属于受过良好教育的人。既学既练①Asisknowntous，Chinaisacountry________(belong)tothethirdworld．②Myfriendwillhelpyoumoveyour__________(belong)toyournewhouse．——单句语法填空belongingbelongings——完成句子链接写作③剪纸有1500多年的历史，属于中国的传统艺术。Paper­cuttinghasahistoryofover1，500years，__________________traditionalartinChina．whichbelongsto❁温馨提示belongto中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“···belongingto”。Eg.Indefenceofourmotherland，alargenumberof

peoplelosttheirlives．

为了保卫我们的祖国，许多人失去了生命。5.

defencen．防御；保卫(1)indefence(of···) 为了保卫(···)(2)defendvt． 保护；保卫；为···辩护defend···from/against··· 防御；保卫···以免受···①Allthepeoplewerefightingagainstthefloodindefenceoftheirownhomes．为了保卫自己的家园，所有的人都在与洪水作斗争。②HehasemployedoneoftheU．K．′stoplawyersto

defendhim．他请了英国一位顶尖律师为他辩护。既学既练①Somethinkthatstudentsshouldbetrained___________

(defend)themselvesagainstsomeattacks．②Themonumentisinmemoryofthesoldierswhodiedin___________(defend)oftheircountry．③Whenadogattackedme,Ipickedupasticktodefend___________(I)．——单句语法填空todefenddefencemyselfEg.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory．几乎无论你走到英国的任何地方，你都会发现历史上有四种不同的人在不同的时期统治过英国。6.surround

vt.围绕；包围(1)surround···with···

用…包围…besurroundedwith/by···

被…包围/环绕(2)surroundingadj．

周围的；附近的(3)surroundingsn．

环境；周边事物(复数)①Theprofessorlikestosurroundhimselfwithhisstudents．那位教授喜欢和他的学生们在一起。②Thesmallvillageissurroundedwithgreenmountainsandclearrivers,attractingvisitorsfromeverycorner．青山绿水环抱着村寨，吸引着各方来客。既学既练①_____________(surround)bytheforest，thevillagelooksverybeautiful．②Livinginbeautifulandcomfortable______________(surround)，wefeelveryhappy．③Theyallwentouttolookforthelostchildinthe_____________(surround)villages．——单句语法填空Surroundedsurroundingssurrounding7.evidence

n．证据；证明Eg.Thereisnowconvincingevidencethatsmokingcauseslungcancer．现在有令人信服的证据证明吸烟导致肺癌。(1)Thereissomeevidencethat···

有证据证明···(2)evidentadj．

明显的，明白的It′sevidentthat··· 很明显···①Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidencethatsmokingcanleadtomanydiseases．现代科学对吸烟能导致多种疾病已经给出了明确的证据。②Itisevidentthatthemanishighlythoughtofinthecompany．很显然，这个人在公司里受到高度评价。有证据显示，进行户外活动对我们有好处。_____________________________outdooractivitiesaregoodforus．——完成句子链接写作There′ssomeevidencethat8.achievement

n．成就；成绩；达到Eg.Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads．他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。(1)asenseofachievement

成就感makeanachievement 取得成就(2)achievevt．

完成；达到vi.

成功achieveone′sgoal 达到目标①Evenasmallsuccesscangiveyouasenseofachievement．即便是小小的成功也能给你一种成就感。②Hislazinessmakesitimpossibleforhimtoachievehisgoal．他的懒惰使他不可能达到目标。既学既练①ThewomanscientistwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforphysicsforthosegreat_______________(achieve)madebyher．②We′vehadagoodstart，butmoreworkneedstobedone___________(achieve)thefinalsuccess．——单句语法填空achievementstoachieve句型精析Eg.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem，ifany如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？1.if

条件状语从句的省略形式ifany

如果有的话ifso 如果这样的话ifnot 如果不这样的话ifnecessary 如果有必要的话ifpossible 如果有可能的话①Theremaybesomemistakesinmycomposition．Ifany，pleasehelpmepointthemout．我的作文可能有些错误。如果有的话，请帮我指出来。②DidyoucheatintheexamIfso，youwon′tgetawaywithit．你在考试中作弊了吗？如果这样的话，你将不会逃脱惩罚。——完成句子链接写作我是李华，我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空咱们面谈有关餐桌礼仪的问题。I′mLiHua．I′