2020年广西民族大学基础英语考研真题B卷

2020年广西民族大学基础英语考研真题B卷

1.Someinfectiousdiseases,suchasAIDS,takeaheavy_onhumanimmunity.

A.impactB.lossC.tollD.casualty

2.Becauseofpoorgrammar,somesentencesinresearchpapersbyChinesestudents

seem

___tothereviewers.

A.incomprehensibleB.inedibleC.inestimableD.irreplaceable

3.Almosteachcollegestudentisequippedwithacellphone,laptopandother

electronic

A.galaxiesB.ornamentsC.utensilsD.gadgets

4.Runningforpresidentis__demanding,emotionallydraining,andphysically

taxing.

A.incoherentlyB.intellectuallyC.intimatelyD.invalidly

5.Overaverylargenumberoftrials,theprobabilityofaneventis

equaltothe

probabilitythatitwillnotoccur.

A.occurringB.occurredC.occursD.occur

6.Stateleadersofeachgenerationhavetothinkabouthowto_complicated

economicissues.

A.adoreB.assembleC.addressD.alienate

7.In2008,SarkozythreatenedtoboycotttheOlympicGamesinBeijing,___kowtow

shortlyafterwardsbypromisingnevertointerferewithChina'saffairs.

A.onlytoB.soastoC.astoD.priorto

8.Newmethodsofirrigationcanreducewaterconsumptionbyroughly

30%____conventionalsystems.

A.butforB.comparedwithC.relatedtoD.otherthan

9.Aslongasyouarepursuingyourdream,youreffortswilleventually.

A.wearoffB.payoffC.wardoffD.turnoff

10.Theyoungeryoubegin___,theeasieritistoremainphysicallyactive

throughoutyourlife.

A.settingoutB.figuringoutC.runningoutD.workingout

11.TheMaoripeoplearenativesof____.

A.AustraliaB.CanadaC.IrelandD.NewZealand

12.TheBritishmonarchistheHeadof___.

A.ParliamentB.StateC.GovernmentD.Cabinet

13.AmericanscelebrateIndependenceDayon.

A.July4thB.October11thC.May31stD.September6th

14.Canadaisboundedonthenorthby

A.thePacificOceanB.theAtlanticOcean

C.theArcticOceanD.theGreatLakes

15.WhoistheauthorofTheWasteLana?

A.GeorgeBernardShaw.B.W.B.Yeats.

C.DylanThomas.D.T.S.Eliot,

16.WhichofthefollowingnovelistswroteTheSoundandtheFury?

A.WilliamFaulkner.B.ErnestHemingway.

C.ScottFitzgerald.D.JohnSteinbeck.

17.“Thelettucewaslonelywithouttomatoesandcucumbersforcompany"isan

example

of

A.exaggerationB.understatement

C.personificationD.synecdoche

18.InEnglishifawordbeginswitha[1]ora[r],thenthenextsoundmustbe

avowel.Thisisa(n)・

A.assimilationruleB.sequentialrule

C.deletionruleD.grammarrule

19.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofclipping?

A.APEC.B.Motel.C.Xerox.D.Disco.

20.Thetypeoflanguagewhichisselectedasappropriatetoaparticulartypeof

situationiscalled___.

A.registerB.dialectC.slangD.variety

II.Cloze

Directions:Thereare10blanksinthefollowingpassage.15Choicesmarkedfrom

[A]to[0]areprovided.Youshouldchoose10suitableanswersforthese10blanks.

（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）

America'smostpopularnewspaperwebsitetodayannouncedthattheeraoffreeonline

journalismisdrawingtoaclose.TheNewYorkTimeshasbecomethebiggestpublisher

yet

tosetoutplansforapaywallarounditsdigitaloffering,21the

acceptedpracticethatinternetuserswillnotpayfornews.Strugglingwithan

evaporationofadvertisingandadownwarddriftinstreetcornersales,TheNew

YorkTimesintendstointroducea“metered”

modelatthebeginningof2011.Readerswillberequiredtopaywhentheyhave

22a

setnumberofitsonlinearticlespermonth.Thedecisionputsthe159-year-old

newspaperon

thechargingsideofan23widechasm（鸿沟）inthemediaindustry.But

others,

includingtheGuardian,havesaidtheywillnot24internetreaders.TheNew

York

Times'publisher,ArthurSulzberger,25thatthemoveisagamble.

Boastingaprint

2.of995,000onweekdaysand1.4milliononSundays.TheNewYorkTimesisthethird

bestsellingAmericannewspaper,behindtheWallStreetJournalandUSAToday.While

mostUSpapersfocusonasinglecity,theNewYorkTimesisamongthefewthat

canclaim

3.scope-aswellas16bureausintheNewYorkarea,ithas11officesaroundthe

USandmaintains26bureauselsewhereintheworld.But1ikemanyinthepublishing

industry,

thepaperisinthegripofa28financialcrisis.Itsparentcompany,the

NewYork

TimesCompany,has15papers,but29alossof$70millioninthenine

monthsto

Septemberandrecentlyaccepteda$250million30fromaMexicanbillionaire,

Carlos

Slim,tostrengthenitsbalancesheet.

A.national

B.interactively

C.circulation

D.loan

E.crude

F.exceeded

G.charge

II.ascend

I.abandoning

J.suffered

K.serious

L.deducting

M.increasingly

N.evaluation

0.acknowledged

III.ReadingComprehension

Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Aftereachpassage,thereare5

questions.ForeachquestiontherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Please

choosethemostsuitableanswerforeachquestion.（共20小题，每小题4分，共

80分）

PassageOne

Ayearago,mybossannouncedthatourlargeNewYorkadagencywouldbemoving

toanopenoffice.Afternineyearsasaseniorwriter,Iwasforcedtotradein

myprivateofficeforaseatatalong,sharedtable.Itfeltlikemybosshadripped

offmyclothesandleftmestandinginmyunderwear.

However,about70percentofU.S.officesnowhavenoorlowpartitions.Silicon

Valleyhasbeentheleaderinbringingdownthedividers.Google,YahooandAmerican

Expressarealladherents.Facebookdesignedthelargestopenfloorplaninthe

world,housingnearly3,000engineers.

ThesenewfloorplansareidealformaximizingacompanyJsspacewhileminimizing

costs.Bosseslovetheabilitytokeepaclosereyeontheiremployees,ensuring

movie-watching,constantsocialmedia-browsingandunlimitedpersonalcellphone

useisn'toccupyingbillinghours.

Whileemployeesfeellikethey'repartofarelaxed,innovativeenterprise,the

environmentultimatelydamagesworkers'attentionspans,creativityand

satisfaction.Furthermore,asenseofprivacyboostsjobperformance,whilethe

oppositecancausefeelingofhelplessness.Inadditiontothedistractions,my

colleaguesandIhavebeenmorevulnerabletoillness.Lastfluseasontookdown

asuccessionofmyco-workerslikedominoes.

Asthenewspaceintended,I'veformedinteresting,unexpectedbondswithmy

colleagues.Butmypersonalperformanceatworkhashitanall-timelow.Eachday,

myassociatesandIareseatedatatablestaringateachother,havinganongoing

12-personconversationfrom9amto5pmthosewhohaveworkedinprivateoffices

fordecadeshaveproventobethemostnoisyandtough.Theyhaven*thadtoconsider

howtheirloudhabitsaffectothers,soIcanonlyworkeffectivelyduringtimes

whennooneelseisaround,orifIisolatemyselfinoneofthesmall,constantly

sought-after,glass-windowedmeetingrooms.

Tomaketheopen-officemodelwork,employershavetotakemeasurestoimprovework

efficiency.Forone,theyshouldcreatemoreprivateareas----oneswithoutopen

windows.Also,

theyshouldimplementrulesonwheninteractionshouldbe1imited.Andplease,let'

seliminatethemusicthatblanketsourworkspaces.Companiescouldsimplyjoin

anothertrend----allowingemployeestoworkfromhome.Thatmodelboosts

productivity,with

employeesworkingmorehoursandtakingfewerbreaks.Therearefewerinterruptions

whenemployeesworkremotely.Athome,mygreatestdistractionistherefrigerator.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Theauthorenjoyedworkinginanopenoffice.

B.Thisopen-officemodelhasgainedpopularity.

C.Companiesarecompelledtoshifttoanopenoffice.

D.GoogleandYahoorefusetogoalongwiththetrend.

2.Largeopenfloorplanscanhelpbossesto

A.reduceinvestmentinresearch

B.showmoviestoworkersintheoffice

C.superviseco-workers?conversations

D.restricttheuseofpersonalcellphones

3.AccordingtoParagraph4,anopenoffice

A.canbenefitworkers'mentalhealth

B.bringsnorelaxationtoworkersatall

C.adverselyaffectsproductivityandhealth

D.contributetobetterproductivity

4.ItcanbeconcludedfromParagraph5thatinanopenoffice

A.fellowworkersarelikelytospendalongtimetalking

B.one'spersonalperformancecanbeimprovedeasily

C.workefficiencycanbeensuredamidfrequentinteraction

D.mostoftheworkerscaneasilybecomeclosefriends

5.Thelastsentenceofthispassagesuggeststhattheauthor__.

A.canhardlyconcentrateonhisworkathome

B.oftensuffersfromthenoiseoftherefrigerator

C.worksmoreefficientlyathomethanintheopenoffice

D.hasnobodytotalktowhileworkingathome

PassageTwo

Themosquito-borneZikavirus,whichhasspreadto22countriesintheAmericas,

isterrifyingtopregnantwomenandtheirpartners.Thevirusmaycausebirthdefects

inbabieswhosemotherswereinfectedduringpregnancy.InBrazilmorethan4,000

havebeenbornwithabnormallysmallheadssincelastOctober,comparedwithfewer

than200inatypicalyear.Theresponseofseveralgovernmentshastriggereda

debateaboutabortionandbirthcontrolwhichmayoutlasttheoutbreakitself.

Itstartedaftersomegovernmentsadvisedwomentodelaygettingpregnant.Colombia,

whichhasthesecond-highestnumberofinfectionsafterBrazil,advisedwomento

waitsixtoeightmonths.Jamaicaissuedasimilarrecommendation,eventhoughno

casesofZikahaveyetbeenreportedthere.ElSalvador'sgovernmentsuggested

thatwomenshoulddelaypregnancyuntil2018.Panamawarnedwomenfromvulnerable

communitiesnottoconceive.

Somewomenfindthisadviceratherbossy.Otherssaythatgovernmentshavedone

littletohelpwomencontroltheirfertility.AlobbygroupinNewYorknotesthat

ratesofteenagepregnancyinLatinAmericaareamongtheworld,shighest,as56%

ofpregnanciesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanareunintended.

Ratesofaccidentalpregnancyarehighbecausesexeducationisinadequateandbirth

controlishardtocomeby.Healthworkersarereluctanttoprescribecontraceptives

toteenagersortowomenwhohavenotyetgivenbirth.Ifwomenaretoavoidpregnancy,

governmentsmustinformthembetterandprovidemoreaccesstocontraceptionfor

bothmenandwomen.

SomearguethattheZikacrisisshouldpromptcountriestoliberalizepoliciesthat

severelyrestrictabortion.InElSalvador,whichdoesnotallowabortionevenif

awoman'slifeisatrisk,activistsaresteppinguptheircampaignforachange

inthelaw.ABraziliannewspaperarguedthatBrazilshouldenditsbanonmost

abortions.

Ratherthancallingonwomentodelaypregnancy,Brazilissensiblyconcentrating

itseffortsonthemosquitoresponsible,whichalsocarriesdengueandyellowfever.

Thecountryhadstampedoutthethreatby1958butletdownitsguardandallowed

ittoreturn.Thehealthministerannouncedthatinsectrepellentwillbe

distributedto400,000expectantmothers.Some310,000healthworkersareteaching

peoplehowtokeepmosquitoesatbay.FollowingWHOguidelines,Braziladviseswomen

contemplatingpregnancyonhowtoavoidgettingbittenbymosquitoes.Womenneed

facts,notfertilitytargets.

1.Thefirstparagraphisprimarilyconcernedwith

A.theharmdonebytheZikavirus

B.abortionandbirthcontrol

C.theresponseofsomecountries

D.theoriginoftheZikavirus

2.TherateofinfectionswiththeZikavirusisthehighestin_.

A.ColombiaB.BrazilC.JamaicaD.Panama

3.RatesofaccidentalpregnancyarehighinLatinAmericabecauseofthefollowing

except

A.insufficientsexeducationorinformationonpregnancy

B.thereluctancetoprescribecontraceptivestoteenagers

C.pooraccessibilityofbirthcontrolformenandwomen

D.theextremelylowrateofmarriageinsomecountries

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothispassage?

A.AbortionisstrictlyprohibitedinthewholeofLatinAmerica.

B.ActivistsinElSalvadorarefightingfortherighttoabortion.

C.Brazilhasmanagedtoeliminatethemosquitoresponsible.

D.Mostwomenhavebeenconvincedoftheadvicebygovernments.

5.Theunderlinedwordsinthelastparagraphprobablymean___.

A.stayawayfrommosquitoes

B.trytomakemosquitoesextinct

C.confinemosquitoestothebeach

D.culturesomenewmosquitoes

Passagethree

Afterajuryconvictedex-VirginiaGovernor,BobMcDonnell,Iwroteanop-edcalling

attentiontothe“realstars“oftheMcDonnellcase.Itiseasytogetdistracted

bythesensationaldetailsofthenewcase,butitwouldbebettertofocusonthe

bigpicture.Americanpoliticiansfaceaharshreality.TheaverageSenatecampaign

costsmorethan$10mi1lion!PointtheFBI(FederalBureauofInvestigation)at

anyelectedofficial,andIsuspectitcanuncoveracontributorwhoreceivedspecial

treatment:ameetingwithstaffhere,acalltoanagencythere.Noneofitis

necessarilyillegal.

Americansarenotonlyallowedtogivemoneytopoliticians.TheSupremeCourthas

saidtheyhaveaconstitutionalrighttospendmoneyoncampaign.Electedofficials,

inturn,havethefreedomtodecidewhichcallstheyanswer,whatmeetingsthey

arrange,howtocraftlegislationandwhomitbenefits.

Itcouldbe,then,thatwhatsetMcDonnellapartfromotherpoliticiansisnotthe

allegedillegalityofhisconduct,butthattheFBItooksuchahardlookathim.

Thankfully,theFBI'sinterestdoesn,tappeartobepolitical.Morelikely,agents

becameinterestedinthesecasesliketheygetinterestedinlotsofthings;they

happeneduponpubliccorruptionwhilelookingintosomethingelse.TheFBI

reportedlywasinvestigatingJonnieWilliams'companyforsecuritiesfraudwhen

itstumbleduponhisgiftstoMcDonnell.

Therearetwoimportantlessonshere,oneforpoliticiansandonefortherestof

us.Thepoliticiansneedtodistancethemselvesfromtheirrichdonors.Ethicsaside,

itissimplytooriskytotakecontributionsandgiftsfrompeoplewhoseinterests

youintendtoadvance.Bettertoloseanelectionthantogotofederalprison.

Everyoneelseshouldstartthinkingaboutprosecutorialpowertoact.It'sbad

enoughthatourpoliticalsystemseemstobepopulatedwithcriminals.Weshould

alsoworryabouthowprosecutorschooseamongthemtodecidewhomtoimprison.

Randomselection,whichappearstoexplaintheMcDonnellcase,istheleastofour

worries.Therealconcernispoliticallymotivatedprosecutions,whicharemade

alltooeasyinasystemflushwithcashandregulatedbyflexiblepubliccorruption

laws.Sadlyinapay-to-playpoliticalsystem,onceFBIagentsdirecttheir

investigativepowerataparticularpoliticians,thelikelihoodofafederal

accusationmayonlydependonhowhardtheylook

1.Inthefirstparagraph,“thebigpictureprobablyrefersto__.

A.thedetailsoftheMcDonnellcaseB.thepoliticalsystemintheUS

C.theeconomicsituationintheUSD.otherofficialsinvolvedinthiscase

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheMcDonnellcase?

A.McDonnellhasturnedouttobeinnocent.

B.HegaveexpensivegiftstoJonnieWilliams.

C.TheFBIhappenedtofindhiscriminality.

D.TheFBI'sinvestigationispoliticallymotivated.

3.ThelessonthatpoliticiansshouldlearnfromthecaseofMcDonnellisto

A.stayawayfromwealthydonors

B.workintheinterestsofrichdonors

C.forgetaboutethicswhenwithrichdonors

D.makefriendswithmanyrichdonors

4.ThelastparagraphimpliesthatintheAmericanpoliticalsystem__.

A.therearefewcorruptpoliticiansB.moneyplaysaminorrole

C.randomselectionisabigconcernD.itiseasytospotcasesofcorruption

5.ThispassageisprimarilyconcernedwithintheUnitedStates.

A.waystokeepgovernancecleanB.theresponsibilitiesoftheFBI

C.thepoliticalcorruptionproblemD.theroleofmoneyinlegalmatters

PassageFour

ThefourthandfinalarticlefromSherylSandbergandAdamGrantinTheNewYork

Times'aWomenatWorkseriesappearedtoday;itisasmisguidedastheprevious

threehavebeen,borderingonoffensive.DowereallyneedSandbergtellingmen

thatiftheydoaloadoflaundrynowandthen,theymightgetlucky?Yes,that

isanexactpointinthearticle.Toquote:Amanwasaskedbyhiswifeonenight

todoaloadoflaundry.Hepickedupthebasketandaskedhopefully,“Isthis

leaninlaundry?”

ThebiggerissuewiththeentireNewYorkTimesseriesisthatratherthanfocusing

ontheabilitiesofwomen,allthey'vedoneisofferstudiesandstatisticspointing

outhowbadthingsare,thenaskingmentochangethat.Itissodisappointingthat

SandbergandGrantkeeprepeatingthesamepoint一"Hey,guys,helpthepoorgirls

out!”Theycontinuetotellmenthattheyshoulddomoreofficechores,letwomen

speakatwork,usethesamecriteriaforevaluatingfemalemanagersasmaleones.

It'sallaboutmenandwhattheyneedtodotoboostupladies.

Thetoneofthesearticlesalsoimpliesthateverysuccessfulwomanwassomehow

givenashotbysomeman.MostsuccessfulwomenIknowweren'tgivenanything.

Theyearnedit.Andwhentheydidn,tgetitevenafterearningit,theystruggled

andseizedit.Itissounproductiveforwomentorepeatthattheworkplaceneeds

tochangetorewardus.Howaboutifwomenchange?Whydon,twestartbehaving

inwaysthatwillgetusrewardedintheworkplace?

WheneverIspeakorwriteaboutequalityforwomenintheworkplace,Ineveraddress

whatmenneedtododifferently.Menhavenoincentivetodoanythingdifferently.

Thissystemisworkingforthem,andifwomenwanttocompeteinmale-dominated

fields,weneedtodeveloptheinstinctsandattitudeswhatwillgetusrewarded

inthosef