2024年全国银行招聘之银行招聘综合知识考试重点试题(附答案)

姓名:_________________编号:_________________地区:_________________省市:_________________ 密封线 姓名:_________________编号:_________________地区:_________________省市:_________________ 密封线 密封线 全国银行招聘考试重点试题精编注意事项:1.全卷采用机器阅卷，请考生注意书写规范；考试时间为120分钟。2.在作答前，考生请将自己的学校、姓名、班级、准考证号涂写在试卷和答题卡规定位置。

3.部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题部分必须使用黑色签字笔书写，字体工整，笔迹清楚。

4.请按照题号在答题卡上与题目对应的答题区域内规范作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效:在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。一、选择题

1、Passage2Thedataabankhasstoredonitsserversismorevaluablethanthegoldinitsvaults.Banksenjoyamonopolyoverdatathathashelpedthemgetawaywithpoorservicesandfendoffcompetitors.InEurope,atleast,thatisallabouttochangewithanewsetofregulations,namedPSD2.Theruleswillcompelbankstosharedataeasilywithlicensedthirdparties.BankersinEuropecomplainthattheirprofitsandcustomerrelationshipsareunderthreat.However,openingupbanks,andthedatatheystore,isgoodforconsumersandcompetition.Newproviderswillbebetterplacedtoofferallsortsofinnovativeservices,suchasaone-clickoptiontoputunspentmonthlyincomeintoapensionplan.Nevertheless.someconcernsaboutPSD2arelegitimate.Inparticular,itisreasonabletowonderabouttheprivacyandsecurityimplicationsofsensitivefinancialdatabeingsharedwiththirdparties.Butbanksthemselvesarehardlyinvulnerabletocyberattack（网络攻击）.AndthesolutionsthattheEuropeanregulatorsproposetodealwiththeseworrieslookpromising.Thirdpartiesthatwanttousebankdatawillneedtoconvincenationalregulatorsthattheirdatadefensesaresolidandaresubjecttoannualregulatoryinspections.Thegapbetweenwritingrulesandimplementingthemisalwayslarge.First,consentfromcustomerstoprovideaccesstotheirbankdatamustbegainedexplicitly,andthepurposesofthedatauseshouldbeclearlyexplained.Second,regulatorsmustbeverytoughbothinensuringthatbanksopenuptheirinfrastructureandinwithdrawingthelicensesofthirdpartiesthatbreaktherules.Third,regulatorsmustalsobeflexibleenoughtoallowforchangesasthemarketevolves.Sincethenewentrantswillnotbelicensedtoengageinriskierfinancialactivities—suchaslendingmoney—itmakessensetoregulatethemwithalightertouch.ButifsomeFintechprovidersdoendupbecomingsystemicallyimportant,higherstandardsofoversightmightbenecessaryAccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,whatwillbanksinEuropebeforcedtodo（）A.Tokeepclient’sdatasafeB.ToclosedownthepoorservicesC.TogiveuptheirdatamonopolyD.Todisclosetheirsourcesofprofits

2、孙某丈夫外出做买卖5年未归，也没有任何音讯，孙某欲改嫁，下面说法正确的是（）。A.孙某丈夫视为死亡.孙某可以直接改嫁B.孙某丈夫不论是生还是死。孙某均可以改嫁C.孙某丈夫经人民法院宣告失踪后.孙某可以改嫁D.孙某丈夫经人民法院宣告死亡后。孙某可以改嫁

3、企业自行建造固定资产过程中专用设备的折旧费，应计入（）科目。A.营业外支出B.其他业务成本C.在建工程D.管理费用

4、当某一社会处于经济周期的萧条阶段时（）。A.经济的生产能力增加，因而存货增加B.总需求逐渐增长C.总需求少于总供给D.总需求超过总供给

5、下列哪项权利属于公民基本权利中的政治权利和自由？（)A.言论自由B.宗教信仰自由C.批评建议权D.平等权

6、Passage1Duringherjunioryearofhighschool,DianeRay'steacherhandedheraworksheetandinstructedthe17-year-oldtomapoutherfuturefinanciallife.Raypretendedtobuyacar,rentanapartment,andapplyforacreditcard.Then,sheandherclassmatesplayedthe"stockmarketgame",investingthehypotheticalearningsfromtheirhypotheticaljobsinthemarketinthedisastrousfallof2008."Ourpretendinvestmentscrashed,"Raysays,stillfrightened."Wegottoknowhowitfelttolosemoney."Thatpainofearningandlosingmoneyisafeelingthatpublicschoolsincreasinglywanttoteach.Fortystatesnowoffersometypeoffinancialinstructionatthehigh-schoollevel,teachingstudentshowtobalancecheckbooksandbuystockinmathandsocial-studiesclasses.Thoughit'stooearlytomeasurethefullinfluenceoftheGreatRecession,theinterestinpersonal-financeclasseshasrisensince2007whenbankfailuresstartedtooccurregularly.Now,manystatesincludingMissouri,Utah,andTennesseerequireteenagerstotakefinancialclassestograduatefromhighschool.SchooldistrictssuchasChicagoareencouragingmoney-managementclassesforkidsasyoungasprimaryschool,andabout300collegesoruniversitiesnowofferonlinepersonal-financeclassesforincomingstudents."Theseclassesreallysay,'Thisishowyouliveindependently,'"saysTedBeck,presidentofNationalEndowmentforFinancialEducation.Ratherthanteachinvestmentmethodsorfinancialskills,thesecoursesofferaback-to-the-basicsapproachtohandlingmoney:Don'tspendwhatyoudon'thave.Putpartofyourmonthlysalaryintoasavingsaccount,andinvestinthestockmarketforthelong-termratherthanshort-termgains.ForRay,thismeansdividingherearningsfromherpart-timejobatafast-foodrestaurantintoseparateenvelopesforpayingbills,spendingandsaving."Moneyissohardtomakebutsoeasytospend,"shesaysoneweekdayafterschool."Thatisthebigtakeaway."Teachingkidsaboutthevalueofcashcertainlyisoneoftheprograms'goals,butteachersalsowantstudentstothinkhardabouttheirfinanceslongterm.It'seasyforteenagerstogetannoyedaboutgaspricesbecausemanyofthemdrivecars.ButthehardpartisurgingthemtoputofftheinstantsatisfactionofbuyinganewT-shirtoraniPod."Investingandretirementaren'tthingsteenagersarethinkingabout.Forthem,thefutureisthisweekend,"saysGayleWhitefield,abusinessandmarketingteacheratUth’sRivertonHighSchool.That’sabiggoalfortheseclasses:preventingkidsfrommakingthesamefinancialmisstepstheirparentsdidwhenitcomestosaving,spending,anddebt.Thoughthepersonalsavingsratehasincreasedupto4.2percent,that’sstillafardistancefrom1982,whenAmericanssaved11.2percentoftheirincomes.“It’shardforschoolstoreachstrictmoney-managementskillswhenteenagersgohomeandwatchtheirparentsincreasecredit-carddebt.It’sliketellingyourkidsnottosmokeandthenlightingupacigaretteinfrontofthem,”Becksays.Evenwiththesechallenges,studentssuchasRaysaylearningaboutmoneyinschoolisworthwhile.AfterRayfinishedherfinancialclass,sheopenedupasavingsaccountatherlocalbankandstartedtothinkmoreabouthowsheandherfamilywouldpayforcollege.“Shejusthasabetterunderstandingofmoneyandhowitaffectstheworld,”sayshermother,Darleen－andthat’ssowntothedetailsofhowmoneyisspentfromdailyexpensestovarioustaxes.AllofthistalkofmoneycanmakeRayworry,shesays,butluckily,shefeelspreparedtofaceit.Accordingtothepassage,takingmoney-managementcourseswill（）.A.betterstudents’learningmethodsB.preventstudentsgoingintodebtC.helpstudentsgetacceptedbycollegesD.makestudentsbecomeverywealthy

7、Tocheckthe______oftheseresults,weperformtwodifferentempiricalexercises.A.integrityB.perfectionC.temperamentD.reliability

8、资料：Didyourchild'sbrainshrinklastsummer?Probablynot,butitmayhaveshiftedintoreverse,accordingtoastudybyDr.HarrisCooper,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofMissouri-Columbia.Thestudyfoundthatwhenstudentsreturntoschoolafteralongsummervacation,they'velostonetothreemonthsworthoflearning.Thedeclineismoredetrimentalformaththanitisforreading."Allstudentslosemathskills,"saysCooper.Itmaybebecausecommunityandhomeenvironmentsgivekidsmoreopportunitiestopracticereadingthanmath.Thestudyalsofoundthatincomehasanimpactonhowmuchastudentlosesorgainsinreading.Middle-classchildrenactuallygainedinreadingoverthesummer,whilelower-incomestudentsexperiencedlosses.Cooperattributesthistotheenrichmentactivitiesthatmanymiddle-classkidsparticipateinoverthesummer,suchascampandtrips.Yourkidsdon'thavetospendthesummerstuckinreverse."Parentscanhelptheirkidsretaineducationalskills,"saysCooper.Hesuggeststhefollowingfivetipstokickoffalearning-filledsummer.1.Keeplotsofbooksaroundandmakeregulartripstothelibrary.Mostlibrariesschedulespecialsummereventsforkids.Signupyourfamily!2.Thinkaboutwhatyourkidsmaybelearningnextyearwhenyouplanthefamilyvacation.Talkwithteacherstofindoutwhatthey'llbecoveringinclass.Ifit'saunitonthecivilwarforexample,youmaywanttoscheduleavisittoGettysburg.Ifit'sgeology,visitanationalpark.3.Keepmathinmind.Sincekidslosemoremathskillsthananythingelseoverthesummer,trytodosomespecialplanningtofindmath-relatedactivities.Forexample,ifyoucan'tdecidewhethertosignyourchildupfor"Shakespeare'sTheater"or"MathMagic"atthelocalcommunitycenter,gowiththemath.4.Considersummerschoolortutoring.Strugglingkidscangetalotofdifferentkindsofhelpfromtheseprograms.Summerschoolcanalsoenrichandacceleratelearninginareaswherekidsshowaspecialinterest.5.Callthecurriculumcoordinatorinyourchild'sschooldistrict,visittheschoolboardoffice,orcontacttheschoolsofeducationatlocalcollegesanduniversitiestofindoutwhateducationalprogramswillbeofferedinyourareaoverthesummer.Remembertokeepitfun!Youdon'twanttosouryourkidsonlearningduringthesummerbreak.Whyisdeclineworseformaththanitisforreading？（）A.BecausethecommunityhavethelibrariesB.BecauseathometheparentswillmakekidsreadingmoreC.BecauseinsummervacationkidshavemoretimeinreadingD.Becausecommunityandhomegivekidsmoreopportunitiestoread

9、Ascientistoftenreachesadeadendthatleadstonoalternativesinresearchandhastogobackanddetermineifallthe____madearetruetohowtheworldoperates.A.equationsB.principlesC.assumptionsD.theories

10、下列属于实物资产清查范围的是（）。A.库存现金B.存货C.银行存款D.应收账款

11、在商业银行资产负债管理中，体现速度对称原理的平均流动率指标是指（）。A.资产的平均到期日与负债的平均到期日之比B.负债的平均到期日与资产的平均到期日之比C.流动资产的平均到期日与流动负债的平均到期日之比D.流动负债的平均到期日与流动资产的平均到期日之比

12、阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases?1?thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant?2?oflegalcontrolsoverthepress，LordIrvine，theLordChancellor，willintroducea?3?billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses?4?andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof?5?thatcanbegiventoacase?6?atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufman，ChairmanoftheHouseofCommonsMediaSelectCommittee，LordIrvinesaidhe?7?withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot?8?sufficientcontrol.?9?ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda?10?ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe?11?ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges?12?toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill，which?13?theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally?14?inBritain，laiddownthateverybodywas?15?toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.“Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands?16?ourBritishjudges，”hesaid.Witnesspaymentsbecamean?17?afterwestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere?18?tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised?19?witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto?20?guiltyverdicts[中国工商银行真题]A.impactB.incidentC.inferenceD.issue

13、Passage8Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately,thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvescuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreestogrowintheirownways.First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutoutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausingwounds.ThehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingthebranchesthatareblockingupthecenterandsopreventingthefreemovementofairOneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordiseases,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,orthatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducetheriskasfaraspossible.Itisessentialtomaketheareawhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallydoneinwinterforthenyoucanseetheshapeofthetreeclearlywithouttheinterference（妨碍）fromtheleavesanditis,too,veryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleedIfthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.Whyshouldpruningbedone?（）A.causeitcanmaketreesgrowtallerB.BecauseitcanimprovetheshapeofthetreesBBecauseitcangetridofthesmallranchesC.Becauseitcanmakethesmallbranchesthicker

14、Passage1Thereisawonderfulstoryaboutayounggirlwhohadnofamilyandnoonetoloveher.Oneday,feelingverysadandlonely,shewaswalkingthroughagrasslandwhenshenoticedasmallbutterflycaughtinathorn（荆棘）bush.Theyounggirlcarefullyreleasedthebutterfly.Insteadofflyingaway,thelittlebutterflychangedintoabeautifulfairy.Theyounggirlrubbedhereyesindisbelief.“Foryourwonderfulkindness,”thegoodfairysaidtothegirl,“Iwillgiveyouanywishyouwouldlike.”Thelittlegirlthoughtforamomentandthenreplied,“Iwanttobehappy.”Thefairyleanedtowardherandwhisperedinherear.Thenthefairydisappeared.Asthelittlegirlgrewup,therewasnooneinthelandashappyasshe.Everyoneaskedhersecretofhappiness.Shewouldonlysmileandanswer,“ThesecretofmyhappinessisthatIlistenedtoagoodfairywhenIwasalittlegirl.”Whenshewasveryoldandonherdeathbed,theneighborsallgatheredaroundher,andfearedthatherunbelievablesecretofhappinesswoulddiewithher.“Tellus,please,”theybegged,“Telluswhatthegoodfairysaid.”Thelovelyoldwomansimplysmiledandsaid,“Shetoldmethateveryone,nomatterhowsecuretheyseemed,nomatterhowoldoryoung,howrichorpoor,hadneedofme.”Thebutterfly（）afteritwassavedbythelittlegirl.A.fliedawayB.stilldiedC.changedintoafairyD.wasmorebeautifulthanbefore

15、Ifyouwanttotakephotographs,youwillneedtoapplyfora____.A.permissibleB.permissionC.permittingD.permit

16、2020年4月16日电，商务部会同中央网信办、工业和信息化部联合认定了首批12家国家数字（），这将有利于加快数字贸易发展和数字技术应用，培育贸易新业态新模式，实现服务贸易高质量发展。A.贸易示范区B.经济创新发展试验区C.服务出口基地D.经济产业区

17、资料：TencentHoldingsLtdhasannouncedthatitwillfullyopenupitsbigdataplatformandmachinelearningtechnologyinamovetobuilda"sharingeconomy"basedoncloudservices.EnterpriseswillbeabletouseasetofbigdataanalysistoolsdevelopedbyTencent,helpingthemgainabetterunderstandingoftheirclientsandimprovetheirproducts.TheShenzhen-basedinternetgiant,whichownsinstantmessagingtoolsQQandWeChat,hasyearsofexperiencesstoringandanalyzinghugeamountsofdata.TheopeningofitscoretechnologiesispartofTencent'seffortstodevelopcloudservices,anareawhichmanyotherbigcompaniesincludingAlibabaandBaiduarealsotappinginto."Developmentofasharingeconomyiscloselyrelatedtocloudservices"saidMaHuateng,chairmanofTencent."Liketransportation,accommodationandmanyotherareas.cloudservicesarealsoakindofsharingeconomy."HesaidcloudcomputinghasbecomeoneofthekeyareasTencentfocusesonandthecompanyisdedicatedtoopeningitsITresourcesandtechnologicalcapabilitiestooutsiders."Inthepast,enterpriseswereonlyusersofinternettechnology.Now,astheyengagethemselvesinthecloud,theyarebecomingapartoftheinternetecosystem,"Masaidatthe2016TencentCloudSummitheldinShenzhenthisweek.CloudtechnologyhasachievedgreaterimportanceinrecentyearsasmoreandmoreChineseenterprisesintegratethemselvesdeeperwiththeinternet.However,itremainsdifficultforcompanies,especiallysmallerones,tobuildtheirowndatacenterbecauseitinvolveslargecapitalinvestmentandawasteofresources,saidDowsonTong.seniorexecutivevice-presidentofTencent.Cloudserviceshelpenterprisesgetaccesstomoreresourceswhilereducingtheiroperatingcosts,Tongsaid.Accordingtothe2016InternetTrendsreport,servicesprovidedbyTencentarethemostcommonlyusedbyChineseinternetusers.Morethan50percentoftheirtimeontheinternetisspentonTencentservices."Wearenotofferingcloudservicesasaseparatebusiness.Instead,itisapartofTencent'sentirestrategy.EnterpriseswillbeabletogetaccesstoallTencentplatformsbyusingitscloudservices,"Masaid.WhatisTencent'spurposeofopeningupthebigdataplatform?A.TodevelopcloudservicesB.TohelpenterprisesgainabetterunderstandingoftheirclientsandimprovetheirproductsC.TobecomeapartoftheinternetecosystemD.Tostoreandanalyzemoredata

18、资料：KeepingtheZealofaStartupasYouScaleTherearemanyreasonsthatfounder-ledcompaniesaresogoodatdisruptingindustriesandmakinglifemiserableforslow-movingincumbents.Butperhapsthemostpowerfulisthatfounderscreategreatinsurgencies.Theyignoreestablishedindustryrulesandboundaries.Theycreatebetterwaystosolveoldproblems.Theydisdainanythingthatblurstheirfocusonthefrontline.Fromtoptobottom,theyareatwaragainsttheindustryleadersonbehalfofundeservedcustomers.Ourresearchonwhatwecallthe“founder’smentality”showsthatmaintainingastronginsurgentmissioniscriticaltolong-term,sustainablegrowth.Buttocompetelongterm,insurgentcompaniesalsoneedtodevelopscaleandscope,whichveryoftendullstheirinsurgent’szeal.Inmanyways,thisisbecausetheirperspectiveonthefutureslowlychanges.Insurgentsseethedaysahead—bothlongandshortterm—asripewithopportunity.Theyembracechangeandchaos.Theyinvestinwhateverittakestoinnovatenewsolutionsforcustomers.Incumbents,ontheotherhand,veryoftenseethefutureasathreat.Asleadersinvestedheavilyinthestatusquo,innovationanddisruptionarenotgoodforthem.Turbulenceerodesprofitability;innovationmarginalizestheircurrentproductofferings.Thefutureisnotbetter.Thecompaniesthatfindawaytoachievescalewithoutlosingtheirinsurgentmission---wecallthem“ScaleInsurgents”--remainacutelyalerttothisdifferenceinperspective.Theyactivelyfightbackagainsttheverynaturaltendencytoretreatbehindthecastlewallstoavoidfuturechangeandturbulence.Instead,theydowhatinsomecompaniesmightseemlikeheresy---theycommittodisruptingtheirowninsurgency.Theyknowthatacquiringthebenefitsofscalerequiresruthlessfocusonawell-definedcorebusinessandacommitmenttobuildingthesystemsandprocessestosupportit.Buttheyaren’tweddedtotheirbusinessmodel—theyareweddedtowhatwillservetheircustomersbest.Ratherthanerectingdefensesagainstthefuture,theyembracethenotionoflimitlesshorizons—theideathatacompanycanintelligentlyextendtheboundariesofitscoreeveroutward.Accordingtoparagraphl,whyarefounder-ledcompaniesoftenconsideredas“insurgents”?A.BecausetheyoftengetmoresupportsfromthecustomersB.BecausetheyoftendamagethemarketorderC.BecausetheyoftenchallengetheoldcompaniesinmanywaysD.Becausetheyoftenmakemoremomeythanoldcompanies

19、()不属于反映企业在一定会计期间的经营成果的会计要素。A.资产B.收入C.费用D.利润

20、债券是流通的有价证券，其票面信息中通常不包含（）。A.债券的面额B.债券的市场价格C.利率D.偿还日期

21、Passage5Desertification,drought,anddespair-thatiswhatglobalwarminghasinstoreformuchofAfrica.Orsowehear.Emergingevidenceispaintingaverydifferentscenario,oneinwhichrisingtemperaturescouldbenefitmillionsofAfricansinthedriestpartsofthecontinent.ScientistsarenowseeingsignalsthattheSaharadesertandsurroundingregionsaregreeningduetoincreasingrainfall.Ifsustained,theserainscouldrevitalizedrought-ravagedregions,reclaimingthemforfarmingcommunities.Thisdesert-shrinkingtrendissupportedbyclimatemodels,whichpredictareturntoconditionsthatturnedtheSaharaintoalushplainsome12,000yearsago.ThegreenshootsofrecoveryareshowinguponsatelliteimagesofregionsincludingtheSahel,asemi-desertzoneborderingtheSaharatothesouththatstretchessome2,400miles.Imagestakenbetween1982and2002revealedextensivere-greeningthroughouttheSahel,accordingtoanewstudyinthejournalBiogeosciences.ThestudysuggestshugeincreasesinvegetationinareasincludingcentralChadandwesternSudan.Thetransitionmaybeoccurringbecausehotterairhasmorecapacitytoholdmoisture,whichinturncreatesmorerain,saidMartinClaussenoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforMeteorologyinHamburg,Germany.“Thewater-holdingcapacityoftheairisthemaindrivingforce.”Claussensaid.Whilesatelliteimagescan’tdistinguishtemporaryplantslikegrassesthatcomeandgowiththerains,groundsurveyssuggestrecentvegetationchangeisfirmlyrooted.IntheeasternSaharaareaofsouthwesternEgyptandnorthernSudan,newtreesareflourishing,accordingtoStefanKropelin,aclimatescientistattheUniversityofCologne’sAfricaResearchUnitinGermany.“Before,therewasnotasinglescorpion,notasinglebladeofgrass,”saidKropelin,whohasstudiedtheregionfortwodecades.“Nowyouhavepeoplegrazingtheircamelsinareaswhichmaynothavebeenusedforhundredsoreventhousandsofyears.Youseebirds,ostriches,comingback,evensortsofamphibianscomingback,”hesaid.“Thetrendhascontinuedformorethan20years.Itisindisputable.”Anexplosioninplantgrowthhasbeenpredictedbysomeclimatemodels.Forinstance,in2005ateamledbyReindertHaarsmaoftheRoyalNetherlandsMeteorologicalInstituteinDeBilt,theNetherlands,forecastsignificantlymorefuturerainfallintheSahel.ThestudyinGeophysicalResearchLetterspredictedthatrainfallintheJulytoSeptemberwetseasonwouldrisebyuptotwomillimetersaday,by2080.Satellitedatashows“thatindeedduringthelastdecade,theSahelisbecominggreener,”Haarsmasaid.Evenso,climatescientistsdonotagreeonhowfutureclimatechangewillaffecttheSahel—somestudiessimulateadecreaseinrainfall.“Thisissueisstillratheruncertain,”Haarsmasaid.MaxPlanck’sClaussensaidNorthAfricaistheareaofgreatestdisagreementamongclimatechangemodelers.Forecastinghowglobalwarmingwillaffecttheregioniscomplicatedbyitsvastsizeandtheunpredictableinfluenceofhigh-altitudewindsthatdispersemonsoonrains,Claussenadded.“Halfthemodelsfollowawettertrend,andhalfadriertrend.”AccordingtoMartinClaussen,whatisthemaincauseoftheincreasedvegetationindesertedareas（）A.TheclimatemodelsaremorechangeableB.HotairwouldbemorecapabletoholdhumidityC.ManytreeshavebeenplantedrecentlyD.Thegrassesaretemporarilyappearedwiththerains

22、资料：Youcannotgoforwardbygoingbackward.Takethecurrentdebateabouttradeandglobalization,forinstance,whiletheimpulsetoerecttradebarriersisunderstandablegiventhepainexperiencedinrecentyears,itisnotthewaytocreatelastinggrowthandsharedprosperity.Overthepastthreedecades,globalflowsoftradeandinvestmenthaveaccelerateddramatically,creatingenormouseconomicvalue.However,tradeandglobalizationhavealsobroughtwrenchingjoblosses.Thefinancialcrisisandweakrecoveryhavemademattersworse,intensifyingthebacklashagainsttradeandglobalization.Partoftheproblemisthatthebenefitsoftradeandinvestmentgolargelyunrecognized,whilethejoblossesareoftenoverstated.Anothersignificantproblemisthatparticipationintradeandinvestmentislimitedtoarelativelysmallsetoffirms.IntheU.S.,largefirmsaccountforthree-quartersoftotalexports,andthevastmajorityofsmallandmedium-sizebusinessesdonotexport.Thismeansfirmshaveagreatopportunitytoboostgrowthandproductivitythroughwiderparticipationintrade.Thatleavesthequestionofhowtohelpthosehurtbytradeandglobalization.Toooftenwetalkaboutre-trainingasapanacea（万能药）.Andyes,ithelps.Butitneedstotakeintoaccountthedifferentrequirementsofeachworkforceandneedstobepartofawidersetofsupportforaffectedworkersandcommunities.Aboveall,itisimportanttorecognizethatoureconomictransitiontoaglobalanddigitaleconomyisanirreversibletrend.Onlybybroadeningparticipationintheglobaleconomy,ratherthanbytryingtoturnbacktheclock,willwediscoveranswerstotoday’smostvexingeconomicproblems.WhatistheMAINopinionexpressedintheopeningparagraph?A.TradeandglobalizationaredebatableB.ErectingtradebarrierscannotbringgrowthandprosperityC.TradeandglobalizationhavecausedseverepaininrecentyearsD.Opposingtradeandglobalizationisunderstandableandreasonable

23、人工智能的出现对哲学意识论的意义是（）。A.否定了意识对物质的能动性B.根本改变了人类意识活动中的主体性C.降低了人在意识活动中的主体性D.表明意识活动与其他物质运动形式的同一性

24、不属于资产管理理论基础的是（）。A.商业性贷款B.转移理论C.预期收入理论D.经营管理理论

25、远期汇率的期限一般为（）个月。A.1～6B.3～9C.6～9D.6～12

26、Passage8Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately,thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvescuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreestogrowintheirownways.First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutoutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteach