定语从句-vs-同位语从句

定语从句

vs

同位语从句

attributiveclausevsappositiveclause语法功能和概念先行词引导词1精选2021版课件语法功能和概念上的区别定语从句——形容词性从句：

对先行词的性质、特征进行描述

与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系（即修饰限定）同位语从句——名词性从句：

对前面名词进一步的补充性解释说明

它与前面的名词是同位关系，即前面名词是从句的概括总结，从句是前面名词的具体内容

名词与该同位语从句有逻辑上的系表关系，可用“主+系+表”来构成它们之间的逻辑关系，而定语从句与它所修饰的先行词无法用be来构成语法上的逻辑关系。（即解释说明）2精选2021版课件语法功能和概念上的区别实例：＊Thereisafaintchancethatyouwillfindhimathome.若用“主+系+表”结构来表示，则是“afaintchanceisthatyouwillfindhimathome”,这在逻辑上成立。实例：＊Itwasthechanceshehadbeenwaitingfor.而“thechanceisshehadbeenwaitingfor”这在逻辑上不成立。3精选2021版课件先行词上的区别定语从句的先行词可以是名词，代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句。同位语从句的先行词是抽象名词，如：idea，news，answer，fact，hope，thought，belief，order，truth，possibility等。同位语从句的先行词往往没有复数形式实例：ThemessagesthathewouldteachusEnglishcheeredusupyesterday.（×）注意：stage,situation,point,case,position,condition等词一般用where引导定语从句，表达“阶段、情况”4精选2021版课件先行词上的区别实例：①Theboywhoisplayingfootballismyclassmate．②Thosewhoworkhardwillsucceed．③Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody．④Thefactthatyouaretalkingaboutisimportant．在①句中，其先行词是普通名词boy，是定语从句，它不能用作同位语从句的先行词。在②句中，其先行词是代词those，是定语从句，代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词。在③句是同位语从句，其先行词是名词fact，它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词，④句便是一例。由以上分析可见，同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词，但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。5精选2021版课件引导词的区别定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：that，when，where，why。引导词如how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句但不能引导定语从句。*Weareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy.6精选2021版课件引导词的区别1．引导词that引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词，它除了起连接作用，还在定语从句中充当成分（作宾语可省略），并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词，它只起连接作用且不可省略。实例：①Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallyexciting．②No

one

can

deny

the

essential

fact

that

the

traffic

problem

over

the

last

years

has

caused

wide

pubic

concern

all

over

the

world.

①句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，在意义上指代先行词news。②句是同位语从句，that没有任何意义，只起连接作用。7精选2021版课件引导词的区别2．引导词when，where，why引导定语从句时，它们叫做关系副词，在从句中充当状语，可以转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式；引导同位语从句时，它们叫做连接副词，在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式People

will

always

keepinmind

the

time

when(=atwhich)

Hong

Kong

and

Macao

returned

to

our

motherland

.Peopletrappedintheroomhadnoideawheretheywerewhentheyregainedawareness.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,duringwhich(=when)thesailingtimewas226days.Forevergone

arethe

days

when(=onwhich)

the

Chinese

people

used

“foreign

oil”.Harmonious

interpersonal

relationship

is

the

primary

reason

why

I

enjoy

working

here.

8精选2021版课件小结功能和概念先行词引导词定语从句修饰限定名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why同位语从句解释说明抽象名词（可数名词为单数）that,who,what,when,where,why,how,whether,what9精选2021版课件Translatesentencesbelow：1.This

was

the

period

when

Newton

began

the

research

which

resulted

in

the

creation

of

his

famous

Theory

of

Gravity.2.Hemadeapromisethatwhoevercouldsethimfree,hewouldshowhimallthetreasuresintheworld.3.AbrightideasuddenlystruckmethatIcouldusethemoneyIsavedtohelpapoorstudentinthecountryside.4.Although

he

is

a

green

hand,

he

has

enterprise

and

creativity

which

are

decisive

in

winning

success

in

the

field.

5.Thewholetruthcameoutatlastthathewasawolfinsheep´sclothing.6.Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.10精选2021版课件Practicemakesperfect:1.Thereisnoobviousevidence_____thereislifeonanyotherplanetinthesolarsystem.A.whichB.thatC.howD.where2.I

can

think

of

many

cases

______students

obviously

know

a

lot

of

English

words

and

expressions

but

couldn’t

write

a

good

essay.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.atwhich11精选2021版课件Practicemakesperfect:3.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____________roadconditionsneed____________.A.that;tobeimproved B.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improving D.when;improving12精选2021版课件Practicemakesperfect:4.

Astorygoes______ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethatbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.

A.when

B.where

C.whatD.that5.Ofthetwobrothers,Billis_____youngerone,andheisaquiteboy,______thatmostadultslikeverymuch.A.a;oneB.a;theoneC.the;oneD.the;theone13精选2021版课件ThanksforlisteningLiving

without

an

aim

is

like

sailing

without

a

compass.

--

John

Ruskin

生活没有目标，犹如航海没有罗盘。--

罗斯金

Whatisyouraim?14精选2021版课件还可以说：Itstruck/hit/occurto/cometosbthat...都表达某人突然想到...*15精选2021版课件类似的用法还有：Thereisnodoubt/denying/possibility/chancethat...无疑/不可否认/不可能注意:固定搭配Itisnowonderthat...难怪Thereisnodenyingthatthephenomenonhasharmedalltheanimalsthattheearthisbecomingincreasinglywarm.*16精选2021版课件以下隐含有“地点”之意的词如：point,situation,stage,position,case,condition常用where(=介词+which)引导定语从句

The

treatment

will

continue

until

the

patient

reaches

the

point

________

he

can

walk

correctly

and

safely.

A.

when

B.

where

C.

which

D.

whose

*Thatisthepointthattheteacherwantstostress.*17精选2021版课件固定搭配The/Astorygoesthat...意为据说...=Itissaidthat...类似表达如：Thenewsgotaboutthathehadwonacarinthelottery.Therumourspreadthatanewschoolwouldbebuilthere.ReporthasitthattheSmithsareleavingthetown.Word/Newscamethatmostpeoplehadsurvivedtheaccident.*18精选2021版课件Is

this

factory_______

your

father

wo