学位英语考试复习语法

1.一般现在时可以代替将来时，用于时间和条件状语从句中。例如：

1)Returnthebookimmediatelytothelibraryassoonasyou__A___it.A.finishB.arefinishedC.havefinishedD.arefinishing

2)Pleasebesuretotelephonemethenexttimeyou_D____.

A.willcomeB.wouldcomeC.shallcomeD.come

2.在“Thisisthefirsttime…”结构中，后面的从句用现在完成时。

句子开头也可以用it代替this

例：ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavemetJane.3.在“It/Thisis+形容词最高级+名词后面的从句中，用现在完成时。”

例：Thisisoneofthebestbooks_A____onthesubject.

A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.whichhaveeverbeenwritten

C.thathaseverbeenwrittenD.whateverhavebeenwritten

4.在“Itis/hasbeen＋时间段＋since…后边用过去时。”

例：IthasbeentwentyyearssinceIleftmyhometown.

5.在“nosooner…than”和“hardly…when…”结构中，主句部分用过去完成时，从句部分用过去时。例如：

1)Ihadnosoonerreturnedthanhecalled.

2)Wehadhardlybegunwhenweweretoldtostop.6.在“Itis(high)time后边的从句中用过去时。”

例：Itistimethatwehadarest.7.时态与时间状语：时态时间状语一般现在时every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday等一般过去时yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow等一般将来时next…,tomorrow,in+一段时间,before+时间点等现在完成时for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,recently等过去完成时before,by+过去的时间,until,when,after,once等过去进行时thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening…when,while等将来进行时soon,tomorrow,thisevening,onSunday,bythistime,tomorrow,intwodays,tomorrowevening语法1.语态是表示主语与谓语之间关系的一种形式。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。考查时态与语态的题通常结合在一起，尤其是被动语态，除了注意它的一般时态之外，还要注意它进行时态及完成时态的变化。如：Hetoldmethatahighwaywasbeingbuilthere.他告诉我这里正在建造一条高速公路。2.另外还需注意有些动词，其形式虽是主动，但具有被动的含义。1）当感官动词作系动词时,例如：Goodmedicinetastesbitter.良药苦口。Thismaterialfeelsverysoft.这种衣料摸起来非常柔软。2）还有一些及物动词作不及物动词时，也可以表示被动含义，如：Thispendoesn’twritewell.这支笔不好使。此类动词不多，常见的有cut,lock,open,peel,read,sell,shut,wash,wear,write等。练习：1.Lastnight,onhiswayhome,hewas____C__ontheheadbysomethinghard.A.strikedB.strokeC.struckD.striken2.“Didyousaythatourneighbor____C______intheaccident?”A.badlyhurtB.wasbadlyhurtedC.wasbadlyhurtD.hadbadlyhurted3.WhileI______myspectacles,I________apen.AA.waslookingfor…foundB.waslookingfor…lookedforC.wasfinding…foundD.wasfinding…lookedfor4.Ifshedoesn’ttellhimthetruthnow,he’llsimplykeeponaskingheruntilshe______A____.A.doesB.hasdoneC.willdoD.woulddo5.Whilepeoplemayrefertotelevisionforup-to-the-minutenews,itisunlikelythattelevision____D______thenewspapercompletely.A.replacedB.havereplacedC.replaceD.willreplace6.Sheoughttostopwork.Shehasaheadachebecauseshe__A___toolong.A.hasbeenreadingB.hadreadC.isreadingD.read7.Bytheendofthismonth,wesurely_A___asatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem.A.willhavefoundB.havefoundC.willbefindingD.arefinding8.We____B_____ourbreakfastwhenanoldmancametothedoor.A.justhavehadB.hadjusthadC.justhadD.havejusthad9.Ourschool______C_____forthesummerattheendofJune.A.tobeclosedB.closingC.closesD.toclose10.Sendforadoctorquickly.Theoldman____B______.A.willdieB.isdyingC.diesD.died3）Weallfeelsorryfor__B___forsolongafteryourarrival.

A.keepyouwaitingB.havingkeptyouwaiting

C.waitingforyouD.keepyouwait

2．非谓语动词作宾语补充语时，要弄清哪些动词后面可以跟不定式作宾补，哪些动词后面可以跟分词作宾补。decorate是及物动词，1）Mr.andMrs.Smithdidn’texpectthehouse_A____sowell。A.tobedecoratedB.todecorateC.bedecoratedD.decorating2）Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimself___D__.

A.hearingB.beingheardC.tohearD.heard

hear在本句中是及物动词，据此可以排除A和C，B项选择形式不对，因此D是正确答案。

3）Themanagerhashisemployees__D___abusinessreporteveryweek.

A.towriteB.writtenC.writingD.write

答案为D。have和get后面接宾补时，要用过去分词或无to不定式。

4）wearegoingtohaveouroffice_C____tomakeroomforanewengineer.

A.torearrangeB.rearrangeC.rearrangedD.rearranging

3．非谓语动词作状语时，尤其是分词作状语时，要注意分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。

例：Arrivingatthebusstop,__A___waitingthere.

A.hefoundalotofpeopleB.alotofpeoplewere

C.hefoundalotofpeople’sD.peoplewerefound4．掌握好非谓语动词形式时态和语态的正确使用。如果非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主要谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时，用一般式，如果非谓语动词表示的动作在主要谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用完成式。非谓语动词的逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是接受者决定了应当用主动式还是被动式。

例：Thefamousnovelissaid___C__intoChinese.A.tohavetranslatedB.tobetranslateC.tohavebeentranslatedD.totranslate

非谓语动词练习：ABDABBDDAC1.Itisnogood____________tocomenow.Heisbusy.A.ifyouaskhimB.toaskhimC.askinghimD.thatyouaskhim2.Hewasluckytoescape__________toprison.A.sendingB.beingsentC.tobesentD.sent3.Thebedroomneeds_____________.A.cleanB.tocleanC.cleanedD.cleaning4.Hisparents______________lastweek,thechildhasnoonetolookafterhim.A.havingdiedB.diedC.deadD.havingdead5.____________ateacherintheuniversity,itisnecessarytohaveatleastmaster’sdegree.A.BecomeB.TobecomeC.OnebecomesD.Becoming6.ThereisamanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans_________trouble.A.makingB.tomakeC.tohavemadeD.havingmade7.Ihaveheardbothteachersandstudents____________wellofhim.A.tospeakB.spokenC.tohavespokenD.speak8.Mrs.Brownissupposed____________forItalylastweek.A.tohavebeenleftB.tobeleavingC.toleaveD.tohaveleft9.When_______________theeducationsystemsofChinaandBritain,theprofessorgavenocomment.A.beingaskedtocompareB.askedhimtocompareC.askinghimtocompareD.askedtocompare10.Youwillseethisproduct_________whereveryougo.A.tobeadvertisedB.advertiseC.advertisedD.advertising从句1．定语从句

定语从句又分限制性和非限制性定语从句。考生要特别注意非限制定语从句的用法。从形式上看，限制性定语从句由who,whom,whose,which,that等关系代词或when,why,where等关系副词引导，不用逗号把主句和从句分开。而非限制性定语从句中不会出现that，而且要用逗号把主句和从句分开。

1）Anoldfriendfromabroad,_____Iwasexpectingtostaywith，telephonedmefromtheairport.

A.thatB.whomC.whoD.Which

这是一个非限制性定语从句，正确答案是B，因为此处的whom是staywith的逻辑宾语。2）TheUnitedStatesiscomposedoffiftystates,twoof_____areseparatedfromtheothersbylandorwater.

A.themB.thatC.whichD.those

正确答案为C。在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词前面可能会有介词，在介词前面还可能有其它限定词，这就更复杂一些，需特别注意。

2．状语从句

状语从句有很多种，让步状语从句是个难点。让步状语从句主要由以下一些词或词组引导：though,although,evenif,eventhough,whether…or…,nomatterwh-(或how),whatever(whoever,whichever等)。

1）_____，youmustshowyourtickettogointothecinema.

A.NomatterwhomeveryouareB.Inwhomeveryouare

C.WhoeveryouareD.Nomatterwhoareyou

四个选择项中，A中的Whomever多了ever，B项中inwhomever部分格式不对，D项的语序不对，只有C是正确的。

2）Young_____heis,heknowswhatisarightthingtodo.

A.thatB.asC.althoughD.however

正确答案是B。as也可以引导让步状语从句，但通常把被强调的形容词或副词等放在句首。

3．宾语从句

宾语从句比较简单，它在主从复合句中充当宾语成份，通常可以由that，if,whether及what引导。使用宾语从句时应注意的是，有时可以设it为形式宾语，真正宾语是后边的从句。

例：IalwaystakeitforgrantedthatIamfarmoreintelligentthanheis.

句子的it指代的是后边that从句的内容。

4．主语从句

主语从句在主从复合句中充当主语，可以引导主语从句的词有what,that以及who,why,where,when等连接代词或连接副词。为避免头重脚轻，特别是在口语中，通常设it为形式主语，与下边这些结构连用。

Itisapitythat…Itisanhonorthat…Itisashamethat…Itisagoodthingthat…Itisafactthat…Itisasurprisethat…Itisstrangethat…Itissurprisingthat…Itistruethat…Itisfortunatethat…Itisnecessarythat…Itispossible(impossible)that…1）Itisdesirablethathe_____.

A．givesuptryingB.giveuptryingC.wouldgiveuptryingD.isgoingtogiveuptrying答案B。本句也是一种虚拟语气句。

2）__A___Isawwastwomencrossingthestreet.

A.WhatB.WhomC.WhoD.That从句专项练习：CCCBDACCCB1.____________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever2.Heworkstoohard.Thatis__________iswrongwithhim.A.thatwhichB.thatwhatC.whatD.thethingwhat3.Heaskedher___________shethoughtshecouldmanagetocometheWednesdayofthefollowingweek.A.whatB.thatC.ifD.as4.Jackcouldaskforleaveoncondition_____________hewasreallyill.A.forthatB.thatC.ofwhichD.inwhich5.Hespokeconfidently,___________impressedmemost.A.sothatB.thatC.itD.which6.Peoplearestilltalkingaboutthehistoriceventofyearsago,____________manwalkedinspaceforthefirsttime.A.whenB.howC.becauseD.while7.Itwasn’tsuchagooddinner_________shehadpromisedus.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what8.__________isknowntotheworld,MarkTwainisagreatAmericanwriter.A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It9.Theydecidedtochasethecowaway___________itdidmoredamage.A.unlessB.untilC.beforeD.after10.I’llacceptanyjob_________Idon’thavetogetupearly.A.lestB.aslongasC.incaseD.though倒装句1.否定词放置句首时,助动词或be动词要放置主语的前面进行倒装.常用的否定词有：not,scarcely,barely,seldom,notuntil,little,(in)undernocircumstance,bynomeans,nosooner…than)。

NotuntilIremindedhimforthethirdtime__C___workingandlookedup.

A.thathestoppedB.doeshestoppedC.didhestopD.thathestopped

2．Only＋adv.句子要倒装。

1）Onlyundersuchaconditionwillhemakesteadyprogress.

只有在这样的条件下，他才会取得扎实的进步。

3.nor,neither,so用于句首时,句子要倒装。

Solittle__A___aboutstockexchangethatthelecturewascompletelybeyondme.

A.didIknowB.IhadknownC.IknewD.wasIknow

4.虚拟条件句中省略if时要倒装。

__B___youwerebusy,Iwouldn'thavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.

A.IfIrealizedB.HadIrealizedC.DidIhaverealizedthatD.AsIrealized强调句我们这里主要讲陈述句的强调句型：Itis/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其它部分。

e.g.ItwasyesterdaythathemetLiPing.他是昨天碰见的李平。注意：1.构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that,who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that,who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用Itwas…，其余的时态用Itis…。

2.not…until…句型的强调句

句型为：Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其它部分

e.g.普通句：Hedidn’tgotobeduntil/tillhiswifecameback.

强调句：Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.

3.谓语动词的强调

1）Itis/was…that…结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does或did。

e.g.Dositdown.务必请坐。

Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.上周他确实给你写了信。

Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！

2）注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。主谓一致一致性是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称、数、性等方面的相互一致关系。我们这里主要讲主语和谓语的一致。1.集合名词作主语时如表示整体概念，谓语动词须用单数；如表示成员，谓语动词须用复数。例如：ThefamilywerewatchingTV.全家人在看电视。Myfamilyisabigone.我家人口多。常见的这类名词还有army,audience,class,club,crew,crowd,committee,company,couple,group,government,party,staff,school,team,union,public等。有些集合名词（如people,police,youth等）谓语动词须用复数。如：Thepoliceweretrackingthemurderer.警察正在追踪凶手。2.数词和表示时间、度、量、温度、钱额等名词作主语表示一定的量或总和时，谓语动词多半用单数形式。如：Threehoursisenoughforustoperformthisexperiment.我们做这个实验有三个小时就足够了。Thatfivethousanddollarsisyours.那五千美金是你的。3.在“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句一般修饰复数名词，所以该从句的谓语动词要用复数。如：Thisisoneofthelongestriversthathaveeverbeenseen.这是曾见过的最长的河流之一。Heisoneofmyfriendswhoarelawyers.我是我当律师的朋友中的一个。4.由合成代词some(any,no,every)+thing(body,one)作主语，由代词each,everyone,noone,either,neither,another,theother作主语，以及由限定词either,neither,each,every,manya,morethanone等+名词作主语时，谓语动词均用单数形式。如：Nobodayknowshowmanystarsthereareinthesky.谁都不知道天上有多少星星。Neitheransweriscorrect.两个答案都不对。5.某些连词连接的名词或代词作主语：根据毗邻一致的原则，与邻近的主语一致。这类连词包括or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等。如：NeitherInorshewasawardedtheprize.我和她都没有获奖。在therebe存在句中，多数情况下也可根据毗邻一致的原则来决定谓语动词用单数还是复数。如：Therearethreepatientsinthewaitingroom.候诊室里有三个病人。Thereisadoctorandtwonursesintheclinic.诊所里有一个医生和两个护士。一、It用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。e.g.Itiswrongtotellalie.(说谎是错误的。)〔It为totellalie的形式主语〕Itisnousearguingaboutit.(争吵是没用的。)〔It为arguingaboutit的形式主语〕Itisuncertainwhowillcome.(谁要来还不确定。)〔It为whowillcome的形式主语〕It作形式主语的常见句型：①It+be+形容词+todosth./doing/that….e.g.Itisveryimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.(学一门外语非常重要。)Itisuselesscryingoverthespiltmilk.(覆水难收。)Itwasreallysurprisingthatshemarriedamanlikethat.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。)②It+be+名词词组+doing/that….e.g.Itisnogoodtellinglies.(撒谎没好处。)Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilmyesterday.(你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。)ItisatruththattherewouldbenonewChinawithouttheCommunistParty.(没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。)③It+be+过去分词+that….该句型常见动词有：say,hope,think,suppose,expect,report,know,believe,decide,etc.e.g.Itissaidthattheyhaveinventedanewtypeofcomputer.(据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。)ItisbelievedthatChinawillbecomeoneofthestrongestcountriesintheworld.(大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。)Itwasreportedthatmorethan170thousandpeoplediedinthe2004tsunami.(据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。)④It+seems/appears/happens等不及物动词+that….e.g.Itseemsthatheenjoyspopsongsverymuch.(似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。)ItappearsthatTommightchangehismind.(看来汤姆可能会改变主意。)⑤若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。e.g.Doesitmattermuchthattheywon’tcometomorrow?(他们明天不来很重要吗？)Isittruethathewillgoabroadnextweek?(他下周出国是真的吗？)⑥It+takes+(sb.)+sometime+todosth.这是一个表示“（某人）花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式（todosth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。e.g.Ittookmesometimetoreadthereadingmaterials.(我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。)IttookhimfourteenhourstogotoNewZealandfromShanghaibyplane.(从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。)HowlongdoesittakeyoutogotoBeijingfromQingdaobytrain?(从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间？)Iamnotsure,butIthinkittakesatleastninehourstogetthere.(我不能肯定，但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿。)二、It用作形式宾语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。下列四种情况须用it作形式宾语：①当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think,make,find,consider,feel,suppose等）；e.g.TheyfounditpleasantthattheyworkedwithusChinese.（他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。）Idon’tfeelitdifficulttounderstandtheSpecialEnglish.（我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。）Hemakesitarulenevertoborrowmoney.（他立志决不向别人借钱。）Ithinkitnoneedtalkingaboutitwiththem.（我认为没必要跟他们谈。）②某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like,enjoy,love,hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；e.g.Idon’tlikeitthathe’ssolazy.（我不喜欢他那么懒惰。）Ihateitwhenmymotherasksmetoeateggs.（我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。）③that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语；e.g.Youmaydependonitthatweshallalwayshelpyou.（尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。）Wouldyouseetoitthatshegetshomeearly?（你负责保证她早到家，好吗？）Heinsistedonitthathewasinnocent.（他坚持说自己是无辜的。）④由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。e.g.Ileaveittoyourownjudgementwhetheryoushoulddoit.（我让你自己判断这事是否该做。）Weoweittoyouthattherewasn’taseriousaccident.（多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。）练习一1-8CDDDDADC1.Is_______necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.this B.that C.it D.he2.Idon’tthink_______possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork..A.this B.that C.its D.it3.Does_______matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?A.this B.that C.he D.it4.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but_______did