2022欧洲高温燃料电池及其氢储能研究进展

欧洲高温燃料电池(SOC)及其氢储能研究进展欧洲高温燃料电池(SOC)及其氢储能研究进展CONTENTS•••MotivationandcurrentSOCR&DinEuropeCONTENTS•••MotivationandcurrentSOCR&DinEurope欧洲研发现状简介State-of-the-artSOCperformance(atForschungszentrumJülich)于利希研究中心SOC性能Summary2THEEUNEEDSADECARBONIZEDENERGYSYSTEMCO2排放量(Mt)~50%ofgapcanbeclosedbyHTHEEUNEEDSADECARBONIZEDENERGYSYSTEMCO2排放量(Mt)~50%ofgapcanbeclosedbyH2562ΔT<2°C(Source:doi:10.2843/341510)3THEHYDROGENSOCIETYANDFUELCELLTECHNOLOGYFuelcells(燃料电池):--Powergeneration,UPSCHPFCV,APU,REMarine,aviation--FCFCFCH2ElectrolyzersTHEHYDROGENSOCIETYANDFUELCELLTECHNOLOGYFuelcells(燃料电池):--Powergeneration,UPSCHPFCV,APU,REMarine,aviation--FCFCFCH2Electrolyzers储能):EL---PtGPtXOn-sitegenerationDifferenttypesoffuelcellstomeetthedemandsofdifferentapplications4FUELCELLSANDHYDROGENJOINTUNDERTAKING(FCHJU)(2008~2017)欧盟氢和燃料电池项目支持概况SOC:38(Source:doi:10.2843/875050)(Basedondoi:10.2843/701136)FUELCELLSANDHYDROGENJOINTUNDERTAKING(FCHJU)(2008~2017)欧盟氢和燃料电池项目支持概况SOC:38(Source:doi:10.2843/875050)(Basedondoi:10.2843/701136)FCHJUFUNDINGONRESEARCHFORSTATIONARYAPPLICATION对固定式应用科研项目的支持概况“TheFCHJUmadeitaprioritytotakeSOFCsthrougharangeoftechnologyreadinesslevels(TRLs),fromresearchtobecoFCHJUFUNDINGONRESEARCHFORSTATIONARYAPPLICATION对固定式应用科研项目的支持概况“TheFCHJUmadeitaprioritytotakeSOFCsthrougharangeoftechnologyreadinesslevels(TRLs),fromresearchtobecomingacommerciallyviableproduct.Theobjectivesweretoincreasetheirlongevityandreduceproductioncosts从研究到产品，重点是寿命和成本衰减寿命诊断下一代“InitialworkfocusedonextendingthelifespanofSOFCs”“ThenextresearchobjectivewastoidentifywaystodevelopSOFCs,fromfunctionalbutexperimentaldesignsinthelaboratory,tousingsemi-automatedmanufacturinglines.”从实验室论证产品半自动化生产(Source:doi:10.2843/875050)材料材料研发技术就绪指数系统组件生产制造(Source:doi:10.2843/701136)GERMANYSTANDINGONTHEFRONTLINEHydrogenrefuelingstations加氢站家用热电联供系统装机量Germany:04/201964SOFC:PEM:663443GERMANYSTANDINGONTHEFRONTLINEHydrogenrefuelingstations加氢站家用热电联供系统装机量Germany:04/201964SOFC:PEM:6634432020100202540020301000(Source:https://h2.live/en)(Source:http://enefield.eu/category/news/reports/)JÜLICH’SSOCTECHNOLOGY(于利希研究中心)----Anode-supportedcellbasedonan8YSZelectrolyteandYSZ/Nielectrode(fuelcellmode)Metallicplanarinterconnector(Crofer22APU,Crofer22H)JÜLICH’SSOCTECHNOLOGY(于利希研究中心)----Anode-supportedcellbasedonan8YSZelectrolyteandYSZ/Nielectrode(fuelcellmode)Metallicplanarinterconnector(Crofer22APU,Crofer22H)RobuststackdesignsforstationaryandmobileapplicationsFurtherR&Dfocusonnext-generationstackdesignsandLT-SOFCSelectedResults:----Long-termstabilityinfuelcellmode燃料电池稳态运行Thermalcyclingability热循环性Stabilityinelectrolysismode电解池稳定性System系统8F10DESIGN:燃料电池稳态运行ASCcellswithLSCFcathode~0.2%/khF1004-21,PVDGDC,APSLCC12~0.3%/khF10DESIGN:燃料电池稳态运行ASCcellswithLSCFcathode~0.2%/khF1004-21,PVDGDC,APSLCC12~0.3%/khF1004-67,APSMCF,LSCFF1002-95,WPSMnOx,LSC12~0.2%/kh~1.0%/khF1002-97,WPSMnOx,LSCC10,ITM700°C0.5Acm-2H2+20%H2OuF:40%FOR100,000hOF700°C(08.2007~01.2019)FOR100,000hOF700°C(08.2007~01.2019)运行前700°C，运行十万小时后STACKDESIGN:F20WINDOWFRAMEDESIGNInitialsituationStackpowerisintherangeof5to10kWasbasicmodulesizeforbiggersystemsavoidtoomanystacksinonelargesystem,thepowerofthebasicunitmustbeincreasedApproachUseofstandardcellsizetoreduceriskofsupplySTACKDESIGN:F20WINDOWFRAMEDESIGNInitialsituationStackpowerisintherangeof5to10kWasbasicmodulesizeforbiggersystemsavoidtoomanystacksinonelargesystem,thepowerofthebasicunitmustbeincreasedApproachUseofstandardcellsizetoreduceriskofsupplyStackingof100cellsormoreisnecessaryAdaptationofmanifoldSealingtechnologySub-stackconcept窗式设计增加有效面积，并避免对大尺寸电池片的依赖性Interconnectwithfourcells(10x10cm²)inonelayerF20DESIGN:THERMALCYCLING(200°C~700°C)INFURNACE窗式电堆热循环性(电炉环境)2x5-layersub-stacks干燥氢气下开路电压Performanceat0.5F20DESIGN:THERMALCYCLING(200°C~700°C)INFURNACE窗式电堆热循环性(电炉环境)2x5-layersub-stacks干燥氢气下开路电压Performanceat0.5A/cm²0.5A/cm²负载下电压CSV:LIGHTWEIGHTCASSETTEDESIGNCSV:LIGHTWEIGHTCASSETTEDESIGN更轻，更易工业化生产的电堆设计DesignfeaturestoimproverobustnessCASSETTEDESIGN:THERMALCYCLING(200°C~700°C)INFURNACE干燥氢气下开路电压0.35A/cm²负载下电压Stackisstillrunning…FurtherresultswillbepresentedinSOFCXVI,Kyoto,2019CASSETTEDESIGN:THERMALCYCLING(200°C~700°C)INFURNACE干燥氢气下开路电压0.35A/cm²负载下电压Stackisstillrunning…FurtherresultswillbepresentedinSOFCXVI,Kyoto,2019REVERSIBILITY可逆性TfurnaceASR@~800°C/0.5A/cm²:SOFC:140REVERSIBILITY可逆性TfurnaceASR@~800°C/0.5A/cm²:SOFC:140mΩcm²SOEC:165mΩcm²~20%higherASRat~800°CfurnacetemperatureinSOEmode(becauseofhighertemperatureinSOFCmodeat0.5A/cm²incombinationwithhigheractivationenergy)Comparableperformanceinwaterandco-electrolysisSOEC电解水稳态运行voltagedegradation~0.6%/1000h,mainlycausedbyincreaseinohmicresistance.Q.Fang,C.E.SOEC电解水稳态运行voltagedegradation~0.6%/1000h,mainlycausedbyincreaseinohmicresistance.Q.Fang,C.E.N.H.L.Blum,JournalofTheElectrochemical165(2)F38-F45(2018)16NIDEPLETIONAFTERELECTROLYSISOPERATIONStackafter~20,000hofSOECNIDEPLETIONAFTERELECTROLYSISOPERATIONStackafter~20,000hofSOECoperationmainly800°C,50%H2O,50%steamconversionStackafter~36,000hofSOFCoperation700°C,20%H2O,40%ufNidepletionattheelectrolyte/fuelelectrodeinterfaceduringSOECoperationwasthemaincauseofdegradationinohmicresistance镍在电极/电解质界面的偏移是电解水模式下主要的衰减现象20KWSYSTEM(2013)PDCTmaxel,net>20kWel<800°C>40%naturalgassteamreformingModule1Module2Module3Module420KWSYSTEM(2013)PDCTmaxel,net>20kWel<800°C>40%naturalgassteamreformingModule1Module2Module3Module4UcuFS/CTref=800mV=70%=2.2=500°C=630°C=700°CControl&dataacquisitionSteamgeneration&heatrecoveryBlowerSystemdimensions:3.25x1x2.1m³IntegratedModule5kWStack5KWRSOCPLANT(2018-2019)CommissioningstartedinNovember2018Fueloff-gasrecirculationIntegratedModuleSOFCwithH2:0.5A/cm²@834mV;5KWRSOCPLANT(2018-2019)CommissioningstartedinNovember2018Fueloff-gasrecirculationIntegratedModuleSOFCwithH2:0.5A/cm²@834mV;uf=97%5.33kWDCDC,net=62%SOEwithH2O:-0.89A/cm²@1260mV;uH2O=85%14,9kWDC4,75Nm³/hH2DC,net=70%(steam+heatingelectrically)ElectrolysissystemwithcathoderecirculationEffectofheatsupplyonefficiency外部供热对系统效率的影响(incl.gascompressionto70bar)goalfor2ElectrolysissystemwithcathoderecirculationEffectofheatsupplyonefficiency外部供热对系统效率的影响(incl.gascompressionto70bar)goalfor234R.Peters,R.Deja,L.Blum,V.N.Nguyen,Q.Fang,D.Stolten,InfluenceofoperatingparametersonoverallsystemefficienciesusingsolidoxideelectrolysisInternationalJournalofHydrogen40(2015)SUMMARY-AdecarbonizedenergysystemintheEUneedsH2energyElectrolysiswithrenewableenergyhaslong-termpotentialforH2productionandenergystorageGermanyisleadingthefuelcellandH2activityintheEUSUMMARY-AdecarbonizedenergysystemintheEUneedsH2energyElectrolysiswithrenewableenergyhaslong-termpotentialforH2productionandenergystorageGermanyisleadingthefuelcellandH2activityintheEUTheEU’scurrentfocusonfuelcellandH2technologyistoincreasetheTRLSOCtechnologycanbedemonstratedinthelaboratoryfromthecelltosystemlevel-----StableperformanceofSOCsdemonstratedatthestacklevel(uptokW)SOLIDOXIDECELL(SOC)FORAsapowergenerator(SOFCmode):----SOLIDOXIDECELL(SOC)FORAsapowergenerator(SOFCmode):-----HighestconversionefficiencyNopreciousmetalsnece