2025年高考英语二轮复习语法：非谓语动词知识讲解素材

2025年高考英语语法非谓语动词知识讲解非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。一.动词不定式1.形式①.一般式（not）todo主动形式（not）tobedone被动形式②.进行式（not）tobedoing③.完成式（not）tohavedone主动形式（not）tohavebeendone被动形式④.完成进行式（not）tohavebeendoing2.表示的意义①不定式的一般式todo，表示将要做的事或为了做某事，Shewantedtobeadoctorwhenshegrewup.Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside．Itispossibleforourhopestoberealized．②不定式的进行式tobedoing，表示正在做某事。SomestudentspretendedtobereadingEnglishwhentheteachercamein.Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou．③不定式的完成式tohavedone表示事情已经先做完,I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Heissaidtohaveleftthestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.Tomwaspleasedtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.④不定式完成进行式tohavebeendoing表示事情已经做了，而且还在进行中，Heseemstohavebeenwaitinghereforaday.HewassaidtohavebeenlivinginBeijingfortwentyyears.据说他在北京一直住了20年。I'msorrytohavebeeninterruptingyou.二.动名词1.形式①.一般式（not）doing主动形式（not）beingdone被动形式②.完成式（not）havingdone主动形式（not）havingbeendone被动形式2.表示的意义1）一般式：doinga.表示表示经常性的或习惯性的事或与谓语动词同时发生的动作Heoftenpracticesrunning.Iappreciatebeinggiventhisopportunity.IrememberedbeingtakentoParisasasmallchild.Hejustmissedbeingcaught.b.表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作,但要加表将来的时间状语Heisconsideringbuyingapianosoon.Iamthinkingofgoingtoseehertomorrow.c.表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作，但要加表过去的时间状语doing=havingdone更强调动词的时间顺序Iamsorryforkeeping\havingkeptyouwaiting.Theboywaspraisedforhavingsavedthebaby.2)动名词的完成形式havingdone表示在谓语动词之前的动作IregrettedhavingleftMontreal.Sheadmitshavingseenus.Idon’trememberhavingheardyousaythat.Don’tbeangrywithmefornothavingwrittentoyou.Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.waiting.Theboywaspraisedforhavingsavedthebaby.三.现在分词1.形式①.一般式（not）doing主动形式（not）beingdone被动形式②完成式（not）havingdone主动形式（not）havingbeendone被动形式2.表示的意义1）现在分词一般式doing表示正在做某事或同时做的事：Whenwearrived,wefoundhimsleeping.Livinginthesuburbs,wehavefewvisitors.Beingsoill,shecan’tgotoschool.Nothavingacar,hefindsitdifficulttogetaround.Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtoleaveanote.Hewenthome,findingthedoorlocked.Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwillbecompletedinthreemonths.Beingsurroundedbythestudents,theteacherwasansweringquestionsonebyoneIsawhimbeingtakenawaybythepolice.2）现在分词的完成式表示这个动作在谓语动作之前完成，作状语Havingsucceededinthelastexamination，shewasmoreconfidentofanothersuccessinthecomingone.Havingbeenwritteninhaste,thebookhasmanymistakes.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,heplannedtoworkhard.Havingbeenexperimentedmanytimes,thisnewproductwillbeputintomassproduction.四.过去分词1.形式1）一般式（not）done2）进行式（not）beingdone3）将来式（not）tobedone4）完成式（not）havingbeendone2.表示的意义表示完成,被动的意思。否定形式是在过去分词前加上not或never构成。五.独立主格结构由名词或代词（主格）不定式、+分词、形容词、副词、名词、介词短语等构成，表示名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。在句中作状语.名词或代词（主格）前+with就是with复合结构.Suchanablemantohelpyou，youwillsurelysucceedsoonerorlater.Wintercoming，itgetscolderandcolder．Hisparentshavingdied,theorphanis