Unit1Peopleofachievement单元话题阅读理解练习高二英语选择性单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）

Unit1Peopleofachievement单元话题阅读理解练习（2324高二下·福建莆田·期中）MarieCurie,borninSklodovka,Polandin1876,ledahardlifeasagirl.Herparents,bothteachers,hadsmallsalariesandwerequitepoor,especiallyafterhermotherstoppedteachingtoraisefivechildrenandtakecareofherpoorhealth.Marie’smothersufferedfromtuberculosis(肺结核)anddiedofitwhenMariewasten.WhenMariewassmall,sheshowedgreatinterestinscience.Shelovedtostudyandhopedtobeeascientistwhenshegrewup.Herparentsencouragedherinterestinscience.Excellentasshewasinherstudies,shecouldn’tgoonwiththeadvancededucationsheneededbecausePolandwasthenruledbyRussiaandwomenwerenotpermittedtogotocollege.Inordertocontinuehereducation,shesmoothedawaymanydifficultiesandenteredParisUniversity,whereshelivedasimplelifeandstudiedhard,soshegraduatedwiththehighestgradesinherclass.AftergraduationshewasengagedinscientificresearchinParisUniversity.ThereshemetPierreCurie,whomshemarried.Pierrejoinedherinherresearchintoanunknownphenomenon“radiation”,whichacertainscientisthaddeclaredthaturaniumgaveoff.TheCuriespentseveralyearstryingtheirbesttofindtheelementthatproducedradiation.Finallytheysucceededin1902.MarieCuriewontwoNobelPrizes,oneforphysicsin1906,togetherwithherhusbandandanotherscientist;theotherforchemistryherselfin1911.MadameCuriewasascientistofgreatachievement,andthefirstwomanevertobehonoredintheNobelPrizehistory.1．WhenMariewasyoung,herfamilybecamepoorerbecause________.A．thefamilyhadfivechildren B．Marie’smothergaveupherjobC．Marie’sfatherhadasmallsalary D．thefamilywascruellytaxedbytheRussians2．Mariecouldn’tcontinuetheadvancededucationbecause_______.A．shewantedtohelpherfathertosupportthefamilyB．herfathercouldn’taffordtosendhertocollegeC．collegesinPolandwouldnottakewomenasstudentsthenD．hergradeswereverypoor3．WhatprovesMariewasthebeststudentinherclassisthat________.A．hergradeswerethehighestinherclassB．shesmoothedawaymanydifficultiesandenteredParisUniversityC．shedidresearchworkafterhergraduationD．shewontheNobelPrizefinally4．Thebesttitleforthispassageis_______.A．MadameCurie’sInterestinScience B．MadameCurieandRadiationC．MarieCurie’sChildhood D．ABriefIntroductionofMadameCurie’sLife（2324高一下·甘肃白银·阶段练习）ReadYuanLongping’sinformationandanswerthequestions.NameYuanLongpingNationalityChineseOccupationScientistBirthdateSept.7,1930educationGraduatedfromsouthwestagriculturalcollegein1953LifegoalFindingwaystoproducemorericeDreamToexporthishybridrice(杂交水稻)sothatitcanbegrownaroundtheglobeAchievementIn1973,hedevelopedhybridricewhichproduced20%morethannormalriceHobbiesListeningtoviolinmusic,playingmahjiong,swimmingandreading5．WhichofthefollowingisYuanLongping’sfavouritemusic?A．Popmusic. B．Countrymusic. C．Violinmusic. D．Pianomusic.6．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedintheform?A．Hisname. B．Hisnationality. C．Hisbirthplace. D．Hisoccupation.7．Fromtheform,weknowthat________.A．YuanLongpingdevelopedhybridricein1972.B．YuanLongpinggraduatedfromSouthwestCollegein1953.C．YuanLongpingwasbornin1930.D．YuanLongpingdreamttowinabigprize.8．Accordingtotheform,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．YuanLongpingwasanexpertinagriculture.B．YuanLongpinghopedhishybridricecouldbegrownonlyinChina.C．YuanLongpinggraduatedfromcollegewhenhewas23yearsold.D．YuanLongping’slifegoalwastofindwaystogrowmorerice.（2324高二下·重庆万州·期中）Hawkingwasoneofthemostfamousscientistsintheworld.ButhumorwasalwaysabigpartofHawking’sefforttobringphysicstothemasses.Inhis2010book,TheGrandDesign,forinstance,hedescribeshow,in1277,thereligiousgovernmentdeclaredscientificlawssuchasgravitytobewrong,sincetheyseemedagainsttheirbelief.“Interestingly,”thetextaddsinahumorousway,“thereligiousleaderwaskilledbytheeffectsofthelawofgravityafewmonthslaterwhentheroofofhispalacefellinonhim.”Hawkingwasonly21whenhewasdiagnosedwithAmyotrophicLateralSclerosis—ALS(肌萎缩侧索硬化).Formostpeople,theconditionwouldhavebeenadisaster.ButHawkingrolledoverdifficultyasifitwerejustarockunderhiswheelchair.“Lifewouldbetragic(悲剧的),”heoncesaid,“ifitweren’tfunny.”SoHawkingmadejokes.TherewasthetimewhentalkshowhostJohnOliveraskedhimaboutparallel(平行的)universes.“DoesthatmeanthereisauniverseouttherewhereIamsmarterthanyou?”Oliverjoked.Hawking’sdryreply:“Yes.Andalsoauniversewhereyou’refunny.”Hawkinglikedphysicalhumortoo.Hereportedlyenjoyedwheelinghischairoverthefeetofpeoplewhoannoyedhim,includingPrinceCharles.“Amalicious(恶意的)rumor,”Hawkingsaid.“I’llrunoveranyonewhorepeatsit.”Hawking’sgreatesthit,humorwise,wasprobablythecocktailpartyheheldin2009.Itwasa“welereceptionforfuturetimetravelers,”hesaid,sonaturallyhesentouttheinvitationsthedayaftertheparty.Nooneshowedupyet.“Maybeonedaysomeonelivinginthefuturewillfindtheinformationanduseawormholetimemachinetoebacktomyparty,”Hawkingexplained.Afterall,henevermissedachancetohavefun.9．WhydidHawkingmentionthedeathofthereligiousleaderinhisbookTheGrandDesign?A．Toenhancethecredibilityofhisbook.B．Toshowtheresultofgoingagainstscience.C．Toillustratethelawofgravityhumorously.D．Toquestionthepowerofthereligiousgovernment.10．What’sHawking’sattitudetowardshisbadluckinlife?A．Indifferent. B．Positive. C．Ambiguous. D．Confused.11．WhydidnobodyshowupatthecocktailpartyheldbyHawking?A．Peopleshowednointerestintimetravel.B．ThepartywasinfactajokebyHawking.C．Therewasnosuchthingasatimetraveler.D．Thewormholetimemachinewasn’tthereyet.12．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthistext?A．TheHumorousSideofHawking B．GreatAchievementsofHawkingC．APartywithNoOneAttending D．ThePersonalLifeofHawking（2324高二上·浙江绍兴·期末）Aprojectcalled“IAmAScientist”isgivingmiddleandhighschoolstudentstheopportunitytointeractwithmoderndayresearchers.Belowarestoriesfromsomeofthescientistswhoareinvolvedintheprogram.NoorAlAlusi,Epidemiologist(流行病学家)“IhaveablackbeltinTaekwondo(跆拳道).Iamdrivenbyadeepdesiretohelpothers.Ibelievethatallpeoplehaveafundamentalrighttohealthcare.”Herwork:DuringtheZikaepidemic,AlAlusimetwiththemunitiesthathadbeenhardesthitbythevirus,usingdataandmathematicalmodelstokeepthemsafeandhealthy.Background:AlAlusiwasborninCaliforniabutherparentsemigratedfromIraq.Thisexperienceprovidedherwithanunderstandingofthehealthneedsoftheimmigrantmunity.RyojiAmamoto,Neurobiologist(神经生物学家)“I’mahugesportsfan.I’vetraveledtomorethan40countries.I’malicensedscubadiverbutaterribleswimmer.Ihatedscienceinhighschool.”Hiswork:Amamotostudiesthetinybutamazingbrainsofanimalsthathaveasuperpower—theabilitytoregenerate.Helearnswhatfactorshelpthesespecialbrainsregrow,sothatwecantrytotreatdiseaseslikeParkinson’s.Background:AmamotolivedinJapanuntiltheageofeight,whenhisfamilymovedtoChicago.HehadtooveremajorlanguagebarrierswhichsawhimshiftbetweenspeakingEnglishatschoolandJapaneseathome.YamiciaConnor,PhysicianScientist“Ioncepetedinarobotpetition.IloveBeyonce.Ilovecooking.I’madoctorwhostudieswaystoimprovewomen’shealth.”Herwork:ConnorisadoctoratahospitalinBostonwhereshestudiescancercellsinalabusingmicroscopesandputers,butshealsoworksdirectlywithpatientswhoareundergoingtestsfornewcancertreatments.Background:GrowingupinFlorida,Connorwasaseriouskidwhostressedaboutthelittlethings.Shewasintoherschoolworkandlovedtoputonplayswithherfriendsinwhichshewouldorganizethewholethingandassigneveryonearole.13．Whatcanthestudentsknowaboutthescientiststhroughtheprogram?A．Theireducationexperience. B．Theirgenderandreligion.C．Theirpersonalinterests. D．Theircareerplanning.14．WhatisNoorAlAlusi’sjob?A．Studyingamazingbrainswhichcanregrow.B．Usingdataandmathematicalmodelstofightagainstviruses.C．Understandingthehealthneedsoftheimmigrantmunity.D．Workingwithpatientswhoareundergoingtestsfornewcancertreatments.15．Whereisthepassageprobablyfrom?A．Amagazine. B．Awardwords.C．Asciencepaper. D．Ahealthwebsite.（2324高二下·重庆·阶段练习）Inthelate1930s,peoplecoulddonateblood,butveryfewhospitalscouldstoreitforlateruse.Wholebloodbreaksdownquickly,andtherewerenomethodsatthetimeforsafelypreservingit.Asaresult,hospitalsoftendidnothavetheappropriatebloodtypewhenpatientsneededit.CharlesDrew,aBlacksurgeonandresearcher,helpedsolvethismonumentalproblemformedicine,earninghimthetitle“FatheroftheBloodBank.”In1938,whileobtaininghisdoctorateinmedicine,DrewbecameafellowatColumbiaUniversity’sPresbyterianHospitalinNewYork.Hestudiedthestorageanddistributionofblood,includingtheseparationofitsponents,andappliedhisfindingstoanexperimentalbloodbankatthehospital.AsDrewwasfinishinghisdegreeatColumbia,WorldWarIIwaseruptinginEurope.GreatBritainwasaskingtheUnitedStatesfordesperatelyneededplasma(血浆)tohelpvictims.Givenhisexpertise,DrewwasselectedtobethemedicaldirectorfortheBloodforBritaincampaign.UsingPresbyterianHospital’sbloodbankasamodel,DrewestablisheduniformproceduresandstandardsforcollectingbloodandprocessingbloodplasmafromnineNewYorkhospitals.Thefivemonthcampaigncollecteddonationsfrom15,000Americansandwasconsideredasuccess.Hisdiscoveriesandhisleadershipsavedcountlesslives.Withtheincreasinglikelihoodthatthenationwouldbedrawnintowar,theUnitedStateswantedtocapitalizeonwhatDrewhadlearnedfromthecampaign.HewasappointedastheassistantdirectorofathreemonthpilotprogramtomassproducedriedplasmainNewYork,whichbecamethemodelforthefirstRedCrossbloodbank.Hisinnovationsforthisprogramincludedmobileblooddonationstations,latercalledbloodmobiles.16．Whatproblemdidhospitalsfaceinthelate1930sregardingblooddonations?A．Theshortageofblooddonors. B．Theinabilitytopreserveblood.C．Thechallengeofbloodinfection. D．Thefailuretoidentifybloodtypes.17．HowdidDrewcontributetotheBloodforBritaincampaign?A．Hegathereddifferentstandardsforthebloodcollection.B．Heworkedonthebloodmobilesforeasyaccesstodonors.C．Hehelpedsendlifesavingdrugsoverseastoaidinthewar.D．Heorganizedthecollectionandprocessingofbloodplasma.18．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthethreemonthpilotprogram?A．Groundbreaking. B．Unpredictable. C．Economical. D．Controversial.19．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ThelifeofDr.CharlesDrew. B．TheinventoroftheBloodBank.C．ASaviorofLivesduringWartime. D．APioneerinBloodTransportation.（2324高二上·吉林通化·阶段练习）WhenDmitryIvanovskywasstillastudentin1887hebeganhisworkontheTobaccoMosaicDisease(烟草花叶病).Thediseaseappearedtotakeholdintobaccoplantsearlyonintheirgrowthcycle,causinggreenandbrownmosaicsontheaffectedleaves.IvanovskyfirstrepeatedandconfirmedexperimentsperformedbyAdolfMayerinwhichhetookdiseasedleaves,extractedtheirsap(theliquidinaplantthatcarriesfoodtoallitsparts),andinjected(注入)thesapintohealthyplants.Upto80%ofthehealthyplantsthenbecameinfectedintheseexperiments.Ivanovskyoriginallythoughtthediseasewasbacterial,andsohedesignedanexperimentinwhichthediseasedsapofatobaccoplantwasfiltered(过滤)throughaChamberlandfiltercandlewhichcouldfilteroutbacteriaandworksmuchlikeamodernwaterpurifier.Afterfilteringthesap,Ivanovskyinjecteditintohealthytobaccoleaves.Whenthehealthyplantsbegantoshowsignsofinfection,Ivanovskyprovedbacterialfilteringofdiseasedsapdidnotpreventthedisease,andthustheinfectivecreatureshadtobeunlikeanybacteriathattheyhadseenbefore.Additionally,Ivanovskyprovidedevidencethatthecreaturethatwasinfectingtobaccoplantswasmoreofaparticle(颗粒)thanaliquid.Hethoughtthatthediseasewasmorelikelycausedbyeitheralivingcreatureoralargemolecule(分子).Inhis1902researchpaperheconcluded:Thesapofdiseasedplantswasinfectious;whentheinfectedsapisheated,itisnolongerinfectious(heatchangesthestructureandcharacteristicsofRNAandvirusproteins,essentiallykillingthem,sothismakessense);infectionthroughbacteriamaycausethedisease.Itwasn’tuntiladvancementsintechnologyintheearlytomid20thcenturyallowedscientiststotakethefirstimagesofvirusesthatwewereabletoidentifytheTobaccomosaicvirus,andthusseparateditfromotherlivingcreaturessuchasbacteriaandfungi.ButitisbecauseoftheearlyworkofIvanovskyandMayerscientistsareabletounderstandvirusesandviraldiseasesandcontinuethesearchforlifesavingvaccinesforfataldiseasessuchasCOVID19.20．WhatdidAdolfMayer’sexperimentsprove?A．Thesapofdiseasedtobaccoplantsisinfectious.B．Themosaicsoninfectedplantsaregreenorbrown.C．Thediseaseaffectstobaccoplantsatanearlystage.D．Theinfectivecreaturethreatensmosttobaccoplants.21．WhydidIvanovskyuseaChamberlandfiltercandleinhisexperiment?A．Toputmuchpressureoninfectedleaves.B．Toaddsomepurewatertotheinfectedsap.C．Tofilterinfectedfoodinthetobaccoleaves.D．Toremovetheinfectivebacteriainthesap.22．Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorsupport?A．Filteringthediseasedsapcanpreventthedisease.B．Theinfectedsapisnolongerinfectiouswhenheated.C．Somekindoflargemoleculesmightcausethedisease.D．Theunknowncreaturewasmoreofaliquidthanaparticle.23．WhatwasthesignificanceofIvanovsky’swork?A．Itshowedthedifferencesbetweenvirusesandbacteria.B．IttookthefirstimagesoftheTobaccomosaicvirus.C．Itmadelateridentificationoftheviruspossible.D．Itledtoaneffectivelifesavingvaccine.（2324高二下·江苏泰州·阶段练习）Dr.JosephDituri,whois55andknownas“Dr.DeepSea”,hasjustfinishedanamazingadventure.For100days,theUniversityofSouthFloridascientistlivedinasmallroomunderwater.Hesetanewworldrecord,beatingtheoldrecordof73days.Thefartheryougobelowtheocean’ssurface,thegreaterthepressure.Themission,knownasProjectNeptune100,wasascientificattempttostudytheeffectsoflivinginahighpressureenvironmentforacontinuousperiod.Inhisundersearoom,Dr.Dituriwaslivingwithpressurethatwasabout66%greaterthanthepressureonthesurface.Hebelievedthathighpressurecouldhelppeoplelivelongerandstayhealthierastheygetolderandthatitcouldalsohelpdoctorstreatdifferentmedicalproblems,includingbraininjuries.Actually,Dr.Dituriwentthroughseveralbigchanges.Foronething,hebecame1.3centimetersshorterduringhistimeatthehigherpressureundersea.Hewasalsoabletosleepmuchbetter.Hisphysicalconditionsgreatlyimprovedinacoupleofotherways,too.Whilehewaslivingunderwater,Dr.Dituristayedbusy.Heusedtheprojectasaneducationalexperiencefortheyouth.“Ihavemunicatedwiththousandsofyoungpeopletogettheminterestedinscience,technology,engineeringandmath,”hesaid.Hehadonlinechatswithover5,500studentsfrom15differentcountries.Meanwhile,hekeptteachinghiscollegeclassesandworkedwithothermarineexpertstofigureoutwaystoprotectandtakecareoftheocean.Dr.Diturisaidhisfavoritepartoftheprojectwastalkingwithyoungpeople.“Ifwecangetpeopleexcitedaboutscience,thatwouldbeagreatsuccesstome!”hesaid.“Maybeoneday,oneofthemwillebackandbreaktherecordIjustset.MygreatesthopeisthatIcaninspireanewgenerationofresearcherstopushbacktheboundaries.”24．WhydidDr.Diturihavetheadventure?A．Tolearnhowhumanbodiesrespondtohighpressure.B．Toresearchtheunderwaterlifebetter.C．Todrawattentiontoahealthylifestyle.D．Tobeatthepreviousworldrecord.25．WhathappenedtoDr.Dituri?A．Hisstateofhealthstabilized. B．Hewasforcedtoliveabusylife.C．Hisheightchangedslightly. D．Hesufferedfromsleepproblems.26．WhatdoesDr.Dituriwanttoinspireyoungpeopletodothroughtheproject?A．Developenthusiasmforscience. B．Challengethemselvesbravely.C．Expandscientificboundaries. D．Protecttheoceanactively.27．HowcanwedescribeDr.Dituri?A．Heishighpoweredandcaring. B．Heisdeterminedandinspiring.C．Heisopenmindedandinsightful. D．Heismittedandoptimistic.（2324高二上·陕西西安·期末）ChienShiungWuwasaChineseAmericannuclearphysicistwhohasbeenrecognizedas“theFirstLadyofPhysics”and“QueenofNuclearResearch”.HerresearchcontributionsincludeworkontheManhattanProjectandtheWuexperiment.BorninasmalltownnearShanghai,China,onMay31,1912,ChienShiungWuwastheonlydaughterofthreechildren.EducationwasimportanttotheWufamily,whichinfluencedyoungWuthemost.Hermother,ateacher,andherfather,anengineer,encouragedhertopursuescienceandmathematicsfromanearlyage.Shebeganherstudyinoneofthefirstschoolsfoundedbyherfather,andthenwenttoSuzhouSchool.LatersheattendedShanghaiGongXuepublicschoolforoneyear.In1930,WuenteredNanjingUniversity,whereshefirstpursuedmathematicsbutquicklyswitchedhermajortophysics,inspiredbyafamousfemalescientist,MarieCurie.ShegraduatedwithtophonorsattheheadofherclasswithaB．S.degreein1934.Aftergraduation,shewenttotheUniversityofCalifornia.ThereshemetProfessorErnestLawrence,alaterNobelPrizewinner.Wu’sgraduateworkfocusedonahighlydesirabletopicofthatage:uraniumfission(铀裂变)products.AfterpletingherPh.D．in1940,WuacceptedanofferfromPrincetonUniversityasthefirstfemaleteacher.In1944,shejoinedtheManhattanProjectatColumbiaUniversity.AfterleavingtheManhattanProjectin1945,WuspenttherestofhercareerintheDepartmentofPhysicsatColumbia.SheisbestknownforconductingtheWuexperiment,thediscoveryofwhichresultedinhercolleaguesTsungDaoLeeandChenNingYangwinningthe1957NobelPrizeinPhysics,whileWuwasnotincluded.WuwasawareoftheinjusticeandatanMITconferenceinOctoberof1964,shestated“Iwonderwhetherthephysicssymbolshaveanypreferenceforeithermaleorfemaletreatment.”WuretiredfromColumbiain1981anddevotedhertimetoeducationalprogramsuntilshediedin1997.28．WhatplayedthemostimportantroleinChienShiungWu’searlyeducation?A．Herfather’sschool. B．Herfamilyculture.C．Herpersonalintelligence. D．Herparents’preferenceforher.29．WhydidWuchangehermajorinNanjingUniversity?A．Shedesiredtolearnfromagreat.B．Shewantedtodevelopherstrength.C．Shewantedtoreceivemorehonors.D．Shewastiredofstudyingmathematics.30．WhatcanbeinferredfromWuatanMITconference?A．Shearguedforfemalerights. B．ShehadnodesireforNobelprize.C．Shecalledonwomentostudyphysics. D．Sheshowedrespectforpeople’spreferences.31．Whattypeofpassageisit?A．Anexposition B．Anewsreport C．Anargumentation D．Anarrativewriting参考答案：1．B2．C3．A4．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了居里夫人的艰苦生活和她在科学上的伟大成就。1．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Herparents,bothteachers,hadsmallsalariesandwerequitepoor,especiallyafterhermotherstoppedteachingtoraisefivechildrenandtakecareofherpoorhealth.(她的父母都是教师，工资很低，而且很穷，尤其是在她母亲为了抚养五个孩子和照顾她不好的身体而停止教学之后。)”可知，居里夫人的妈妈放弃了工作来抚养五个孩子和照顾自己身体的时候，家里更贫穷了。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Excellentasshewasinherstudies,shecouldn’tgoonwiththeadvancededucationsheneededbecausePolandwasthenruledbyRussiaandwomenwerenotpermittedtogotocollege.(尽管她的学习成绩很好，但她无法继续接受她所需要的高等教育，因为当时波兰被俄罗斯统治，女性不允许上大学。)”可知，当时的波兰学校里是不收女学生的，C项符合题意。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Inordertocontinuehereducation,shesmoothedawaymanydifficultiesandenteredParisUniversity,whereshelivedasimplelifeandstudiedhard,soshegraduatedwiththehighestgradesinherclass.(为了继续深造，她克服了重重困难，考入了巴黎大学。在巴黎大学，她生活简单，学习刻苦，所以她以全班第一的成绩毕业。)”可知，她毕业时的分数是班上最高的。由此推断，这个事实可以表明她是班上最棒的学生。故选A。4．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了居里夫人的人生中一些重要的事情。所以“ABriefIntroductionofMadameCurie’sLife(居里夫人的生活简介)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。5．C6．C7．C8．B【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了袁隆平的具体情况。5．细节理解题。根据hobbies中的“Listeningtoviolinmusic”（听小提琴音乐）可知，袁隆平最喜欢小提琴音乐。故选C项。6．细节理解题。表格中提到了名字；国籍；职业。文章中未提到出生地。故选C项。7．细节理解题。根据表格中的“Sept.7,1930”可知，袁隆平出生在1930年。故选C项。8．细节理解题。根据Dream中的“Toexporthishybridrice(杂交水稻)sothatitcanbegrownaroundtheglobe”（把他的杂交水稻出口，以至于在世界各地都能种植）可知，B选项“袁隆平希望他的杂交水稻只在中国种植”错误。故选B项。9．C10．B11．C12．A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要写了著名的科学家霍金用科学的幽默来对待自己的生活，他把物理学和幽默紧密地联系在一起。9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Hawkingwasoneofthemostfamousscientistsintheworld.ButhumorwasalwaysabigpartofHawking’sefforttobringphysicstothemasses.Inhis2010book,TheGrandDesign,forinstance,hedescribeshow,in1277,thereligiousgovernmentdeclaredscientificlawssuchasgravitytobewrong,sincetheyseemedagainsttheirbelief.“Interestingly,”thetextaddsinahumorousway,“thereligiousleaderwaskilledbytheeffectsofthelawofgravityafewmonthslaterwhentheroofofhispalacefellinonhim.”(霍金也许是世界上最著名的科学家之一。但幽默一直是霍金努力将物理学带给大众的重要组成部分。例如，在他2010年出版的《大设计》一书中，他描述了1277年天主教会如何宣布万有引力等科学定律是错误的，因为它们似乎违背了上帝的理念。“有趣的是，”文字调皮地补充道，“几个月后，教皇约翰被万有引力定律的影响杀死了，当时他的宫殿屋顶掉下来砸在了他身上。”)”可知，教皇约翰否定万有引力，却被万有引力定律的影响杀死了，霍金之所以在他的书中提到教皇约翰，是想以这种幽默的方式向大众展示物理学。故选C。10．推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句“ButHawkingrolledoverdifficultyasifitwerejustarockunderhiswheelchair.“Lifewouldbetragic(悲剧的),”heoncesaid,“ifitweren’tfunny.”(但霍金克服困难，就好像它只是他轮椅下的一块石头。他曾经说过:“如果生活不有趣，那它就是悲剧。”)”可知，霍金虽然身处逆境，但他对生活的态度是乐观积极的，对生活中的逆境持有的态度。故选B。11．细节理解题、根据最后一段的“Itwasa“welereceptionforfuturetimetravelers,”hesaid,sonaturallyhesentouttheinvitationsthedayaftertheparty.Nooneshowedupyet.“Maybeonedaysomeonelivinginthefuturewillfindtheinformationanduseawormholetimemachinetoebacktomyparty,”Hawkingexplained.”(他说，这是一场“欢迎未来时间旅行者的招待会”，所以很自然地，他在派对的第二天就发出了邀清。然而没有人来。“也许有一天，生活在未来的某个人会发现这些信息，并使用虫洞时光机来参加我的派对。”霍金解释道。)”可知，没有人出现在霍金举办的鸡尾酒会上是因为还没有时光机这样的东西。故选C。12．主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Hawkingwasoneofthemostfamousscientistsintheworld.ButhumorwasalwaysabigpartofHawking’sefforttobringphysicstothemasses.(霍金也许是世界上最著名的科学家。但购默一直是霍金努力将物理学带给大众的重要组成部分。)”，第三段第一句“SoHawkingmadejokes.(所以霍金会讲笑话。)”和最后一段最后一句“Afterall,henevermissedachancetohavefun.(毕竟，他从不错过任何一个玩乐的机会。)”可知，本文讲述了著名科学家霍金幽默的一面。他把物理学和幽默紧密地联系在一起。因此推断A项“霍金幽默的一面”为最佳标题。故选A。13．C14．B15．A【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一项名为“我是科学家”的项目以及参与该项目的一些科学家的故事。13．细节理解题。通读全文，根据第一段“Aprojectcalled“IAmAScientist”isgivingmiddleandhighschoolstudentstheopportunitytointeractwithmoderndayresearchers.Belowarestoriesfromsomeofthescientistswhoareinvolvedintheprogram.(一项名为“我是科学家”的项目为中学生提供了与现代研究人员互动的机会。以下是参与该项目的一些科学家的故事)”和NoorAlAlusi,Epidemiologist部分中“IhaveablackbeltinTaekwondo(跆拳道).(我是跆拳道黑带)”和RyojiAmamoto,Neurobiologist部分中“I’mahugesportsfan.I’vetraveledtomorethan40countries.I’malicensedscubadiverbutaterribleswimmer.(我是个超级体育迷。我去过40多个国家。我有潜水执照，但游泳技术很差)”以及YamiciaConnor,PhysicianScientist部分中“Ioncepetedinarobotpetition.IloveBeyonce.Ilovecooking.(我曾经参加过一个机器人比赛。我喜欢Beyonce。我喜欢烹饪)”可知，文章介绍了参与该项目的一些科学家的个人爱好。由此可知，通过这个项目，学生们能了解科学家的个人兴趣。故选C项。14．细节理解题。根据NoorAlAlusi,Epidemiologist部分中“Herwork:DuringtheZikaepidemic,AlAlusimetwiththemunitiesthathadbeenhardesthitbythevirus,usingdataandmathematicalmodelstokeepthemsafeandhealthy.(她的工作：在寨卡疫情期间，AlAlusi会见了受病毒影响最严重的社区，使用数据和数学模型来保证他们的安全和健康)”可知，NoorAlAlusi的工作是利用数据和数学模型来对抗病毒。故选B项。15．推理判断题。根据第一段“Aprojectcalled“IAmAScientist”isgivingmiddleandhighschoolstudentstheopportunitytointeractwithmoderndayresearchers.Belowarestoriesfromsomeofthescientistswhoareinvolvedintheprogram.(一项名为“我是科学家”的项目为中学生提供了与现代研究人员互动的机会。以下是参与该项目的一些科学家的故事)”可推知，这篇文章很可能来自一本杂志。故选A项。16．B17．D18．A19．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了查尔斯·德鲁找到了处理和储存血液的新方法，还发明了移动献血站，帮助在第二次世界大战期间挽救了无数的生命，被称为“血库之父”。16．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Inthelate1930s,peoplecoulddonateblood,butveryfewhospitalscouldstoreitforlateruse.(在20世纪30年代末，人们可以献血，但很少有医院能储存血液供日后使用。)”可知，在20世纪30年代末，医院面临的问题是无法储存血液。故选B。17．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“UsingPresbyterianHospital’sbloodbankasamodel,DrewestablisheduniformproceduresandstandardsforcollectingbloodandprocessingbloodplasmafromnineNewYorkhospitals.(德鲁以长老会医院的血库为模型，制定了从纽约九家医院采集血液和处理血浆的统一程序和标准。)”可知，德鲁组织了血浆的收集和处理。故选D。18．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“HewasappointedastheassistantdirectorofathreemonthpilotprogramtomassproducedriedplasmainNewYork,whichbecamethemodelforthefirstRedCrossbloodbank.Hisinnovationsforthisprogramincludedmobileblooddonationstations,latercalledbloodmobiles.(他被任命为一个为期三个月的试点项目的副主任，该项目在纽约大规模生产干血浆，成为第一个红十字会血库的模型。他在这个项目上的创新包括移动献血站，后来被称为血液移动站。)”可知，这个为期三个月的试点项目成为第一个红十字会血库的模型，德鲁在这个项目中贡献了创新方法，由此可推测出，这个试点项目具有开创性（groundbreaking）。故选A。19．标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段最后一句“CharlesDrew,aBlacksurgeonandresearcher,helpedsolvethismonumentalproblemformedicine,earninghimthetitle‘FatheroftheBloodBank.’(黑人外科医生兼研究员查尔斯·德鲁帮助解决了医学界的这一重大问题，为他赢得了‘血库之父’的称号。)”可知，本文主要讲述了查尔斯·德鲁找到了处理和储存血液的新方法，还发明了移动献血站，帮助在第二次世界大战期间挽救了无数的生命，被称为“血库之父”，由此可推测出，B项“血库的发明者”最适合作本文标题。故选B。20．A21．D22．B23．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了俄国科学家伊凡诺夫斯基的早期研究让病毒被发现成为可能。20．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Upto80%ofthehealthyplantsthenbecameinfectedintheseexperiments(在这些实验中，多达80%的健康植物被感染)”可知，实验中绝大多数植物被感染了。因此，梅尔的实验证明患病烟草的汁液具有传染性。故选A项。21．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ivanovskyoriginallythoughtthediseasewasbacterial,andsohedesignedanexperimentinwhichthediseasedsapofatobaccoplantwasfiltered(过滤)throughaChamberlandfiltercandlewhichcouldfilteroutbacteriaandworksmuchlikeamodernwaterpurifier.(伊万诺夫斯基最初认为这种疾病是由细菌引起的，所以他设计了一个实验，通过尚柏朗氏烛形滤器过滤烟草植物的病液，这种滤器可以过滤掉细菌，就像现代的净水器一样)”可知，伊凡诺夫斯基在实验中使用这种装置是为了清除汁液中的细菌。故选D项。22．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Inhis1902researchpaperheconcluded:Thesapofdiseasedplantswasinfectious;whentheinfectedsapisheated,itisnolongerinfectious(heatchangesthestr