牛津高中英语M6语法虚拟语气教案

第8讲：虚拟语气

虚拟语气

虚拟语气即非真实条件句

非真实条件句阐述的条件或情况是不真实的或是想象的。

I.我们用非真实条件句来阐述不真实的或想象的一个现在的条件。

如：IfIgotmcirriedintheUSfl.Iwouldexpectapre/ent.

IcouldreachthebookifIwereabittaller.

IfIhadthechance.Imightwanttobeatran/lotor.

2.我们用非真实条件句来指代一个想象的过去的动作。

如：Ifyouhadjoinedthechatroomtecminute/ago.youwouldhaveknouin

uihotuieweretalkingabut!

Ifthemanhadpointeduiithhi/titAfingerwhileheuia/inBrunei,everyone

wouldhavethoughtthatheuia/veryrude.

J.我们用非真实条件句来谈论想象的将来的情况。

如：Mlhadtimetomofroui.Iwouldcertciinlyhelpyou.

4.非真实条件句的构成：

现在IL..uia//uiefe/dicl..............uiould/could/mightdo...

过去If...hadbeeft/done............would/could/mi^hthaveclone.••

将来lf・・・uiciz/uiere/clicl..............uiould/could/mightdo...

注：would,could,might经常可以互换，但在意思上有一些不同。

UJould表意图，计划；could表能力，可能性；mi911t表可能性

非真实条件句还有几点需要注意：

I.在书面英语或正式的场合中，我们通常用were来代替条件句中的we•但在日常谈

话中，me也经常用到。

如：Ifheuia//werehere,heuiouldbeabletohelpu/.

2.在表将来的非真实条件句中，还可以用wereto"hould

如：IfIweretofoilmyHloth/te/t.Iwouldhare(otakeitagainattheendof

theterm.

Ifhe/houldcometomorroui.Iwouldtalktohimaboutit.

J.在非真实条件句中，可以把if省略，把，hould,were,hcicl放在条件句的前面。

如：Shouldyoumakecimi/tcike.you/houldnotbeembckffa//ed.

Hadyoutoldmeearlier.Iwouldno!havethi/problemnoui.

Wereyoutotakethetrain,youwouldbetheremuch/ooner.

4.在“从句中还可以用到could+hovedone来表示非真实的条件。

如：IfIcouldhavetoldyouaboutculturaldifference/bekuieenItalyandthe

UK.Iwouldhave.

例题狂学

一.单项选择

1.1enjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishIthebookfromwhichitwasmade.

A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.arereading

2.Youarelate.Ifyouafewminutesearlier;youhim.

A.come;wouldmeetB.hadcome;wouldhavemet

C.come;willmeetD.hadcome;wouldmeet

3.Thetwostudentstalkedasiftheyfriendsforyears.

A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen

4.ItisimportantthatIwithMr.Williamsimmediately.

A.speakB.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeak

5.Helookedasifheillforalongtime.

A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen

6.Ifthedoctorhadcomeearlier;thepoorchildwouldnot.

A.havelaidtherefortwohoursB.havebeenliedtherefortwohours

C.haveliedtherefortwohoursD.havelaintherefortwohours

7.1wishthatIwithyoulastnight.

A.wentB.couldgoC.havegoneD.couldhavegone

8.Let'ssayyoucouldgothereagain,howfeel?

A.willyouB.shouldyouC.wouldyouD.doyou

9.1can'tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughheeverything.

A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown

10.thefog,weshouldhavereachedourschool.

A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor

11.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,Ihimattheairport.

A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet

12.Mikecantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywish

hemehow.

A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach

13.1wouldhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible,butIsobusythen.

A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe

14.He'sworkinghardforfearthathe.

A.shouldfallbehindB.fellbehind

C.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallenbehind

15.Ifitanothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.

A.hadrainedB.wouldhaverainedC.haveseenD.rained

16.Hesuggestedthattheyuseatrickinsteadoffighting.

A.shouldB.wouldC.doD.had

17.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathethere.

A.notwentB.won'tgoC.notgoD.nottogo

18.1wouldhavegonetothemeetingifItime.

A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad

19.WouldyouratherIbuyinganewbike?

A.decidedagainstB.willdecideagainst

C.havedecidedD.shalldecideagainst

20.Youlooksotiredtonight.Itistimeyou.

A.gotosleepB.wenttosleepC.gotobedD.wenttobed

1-5BBDAD6-10DDCAD11-15CDCAA16-20ACAAD

练习狂练

二.完形填空

PassYourLoveOn

Waitingfortheairplanetotakeoff,Iwashappytogetaseatbymyself.Justthen,anairhostessapproachedmeand

asked,“Wouldyoumind16yourseat?Acouplewouldliketosittogether.^^Theonly17seatwasnexttoa

girlwithherarmsincasts（石膏绷带），ablack-and-blueface,andasadexpression."18amIgoingtositthere,"I

thoughtimmediately.Butasoftvoicespoke,“Sheneedshelp."Finally,I19tomovetothatseat.

ThegirlwasnamedKathy.She20inacaraccidentandnowwasonherwayfor21.

Whenthesnackandjuicearrived,itdidnottakemelongto22thatKathywouldnotbeableto23

herself.Iconsidered24tofeedherbuthesitated,asitseemedtoo25toofferaservicetoa26.Butthen

IrealizedthatKathy'sneedwasmore27thanmydiscomfort.Iofferedtohelphereat,and28shewas

uncomfortabletoaccept,she29asIexpected.Webecamecloserandcloserinashortperiodoftime.Bytheendof

thefive-hourtrip,myheart30,andthe31wasreallybetterspentthanifIhadjustsatbymyself.

IwasverygladIhadreached32mycomfortzonetositnexttoKathyandfeedher.Love33flows

beyondhumanbordersandremovesthefearsthatkeepus34.Whenwe35toserveanother,wegrowtolive

inalargerandmorerewardingworld.

16.A.losingB.changingC.takingD.giving

17.A.comfortableB.suitableC.availableD.favorable

★★18.A.NoproblemB.NowayC.NowhereD.Nodoubt

19.A.decidedB.wantedC.regrettedD.promised

20.A.wasB.wouldbeC.usedtobeD.hadbeen

21.A.treatmentB.travelC.pleasureD.business

22.A.knowB.sayC.realizeD.recognize

23.A.eatB.feedC.chooseD.support

24.A.offeringB.needingC.stoppingD.trying

25.A.impoliteB.farC.closeD.fast

26.A.girlB.neighborC.passengerD.stranger

27.A.unusualB.directC.importantD.shameful

28.A.whenB.althoughC.sinceD.as

29.A.refusedB.wonderedC.criedD.did

30.A.hadwarmedB.hadjumpedC.hadbrokenD.hadcheered

31.A.lifeB.moneyC.timeD.energy

32.A.belowB.throughC.acrossD.beyond

33.A.seldomB.neverC.hardlyD.sometimes

34.A.separateB.independentC.silentD.upset

★★35.A.happenB.stretchC.waitD.continue

16〜20BCBAD21-25ACBAA26〜30DCBDA31~35CDDAB

三.阅读理解

SusanWilliamswenttoaboardingschool.Hereisoneofthelettersshewrotetoherparentsfromtheschool.

DearMomandDad,

FmafraidIhavesomeverybadnewsfbryou.Ihavebeenverynaughtyandtheschoolprincipal(校长)isveryangry

withme.Sheisgoingtowritetoyou.Youmustcomeandtakemeawayfromhere.Shedoesnotwantmeintheschool

anylonger.

ThetroublestartedlastnightwhenIwassmokingacigaretteinbed.Thisisagainsttherules,ofcourse.Wearenot

supposedtosmokeatall.

AsIwassmoking,Iheardfootstepscomingtowardstheroom.Ididnotwantateachertocatchmesmoking,soI

threwthecigaretteaway.Unfortunately,thecigarettefellintothewaste-paperbasket,whichcaughtfire.Therewasa

curtainnearthewaste-paperbasketwhichcaughtfire,too.Soonthewholeroomwasburning.Theprincipalphonedfor

thefiredepartment.Theschoolisalongwayfromthetownandbythetimethefiredepartmentarrived,thewhole

schoolwasinflames.Manyofthegirlsareinthehospital.

Theprincipalsaysthatthefirewasallmyfaultandyoumustpayforthedamage.Shewillsendyouabilltorabout

amilliondollars.

Iamverysorryaboutthis.

Muchlove,Susan.

P.S.Noneoftheaboveistrue,butIhavefailedmyexams.Ijustwantyoutoknowhowbadthingscouldhave

been!

★36.Susanwrotehome.

A-totellherparentsaboutthefireB.toaskfbramilliondollars

C.totellherparentsshehadfailedherexamsD.totellherparentsshehadtoleaveschool

37.TheprincipalwasangrywithSusanfbrthereasonthat.

A.shehadfailedherexams.

B.shehadbeencaughtsmokinginbed.

C.itwasherfaultthattheschoolhadcaughtfire.

D.shehadnotphonedforthefiredepartmentintime.

38.Susantoldherparentsaboutthefire.

A.towarnthemaboutwhattheprincipalwoulddoB.tomakethemfeelworried

C.tomakethemlessangryatherrealnewsD.tomakethemlaugh

★39.HowtruewastheletterbeforetheP.S.?

A.Partlytrue.B.Alltrue.

C.CompletelyuntrueD.Thestorydoesn'treallytellus.

Ifyoucanonlydothreethings,dothesetogetagoodnight'ssleep,saysHeleneA.Emsellem,directorofthe

CenterforSleep&&WakeDisordersinChevyChase,Maryland,andanassociateclinicalprofessorofneurologyat

GeorgeWashingtonUniversityMedicalCenterinWashington,DC.

1.Allowonehourbeforebedtimeforarelaxingactivity.Watchingthenewsoransweringe-mailsdoesnotcount!Better

choicesarereadingorlisteningtosoftmusic.

2.Ifyourmindisrelaxedbutyourbodyistense,dosomelow-intensitystretchesandexercisestorelaxyourmuscles,

especiallythoseinyourupperbody,neck,andshoulders.Beforeyougetintobed,uselightweights(3to5poundsfbr

women,5to10poundsfbrmen)tocalmlyexercisethesemuscles.Doonesetof8to10repetitionsofabasicexercise

foreachupperbodymuscle.Wecallthisautomassage.

3.Allowatleastthreehoursbetweendinnerandbedtime.Thebraindoesnotsleepwellonafullstomach.Ifyouknow

thatyouhaveabusydayplannedthefollowingday,haveyourbigmealatlunchtimeandalightermealasearlyas

possibleintheevening.Ifyoufindyouarestillhungrybeforebedtime,tryoneofthemanyprotein-enrichedpowerbars

(withoutchocolate)foryourbedtimesnack.

40.Thewriter'smainpurposeisto.

A.tellthereaderssomewaystogetagoodnight'srest

B.warnpeoplenottoeattoomuchbeforegoingtobed

C.helpthereaderstoknowtheimportanceofsleeping

D.remindpeopletogetreadyfortomorrow'sbusywork

★41.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat.

A.watchingTVisagoodwaytorelaxourselves

B.doingmuchexercisecanhelppeoplesleepwell

C.havingdinnerasearlyaspossibleisnotgoodforyoursleep

D.eatingtoomuchintheeveninghasaneffectonyoursleep

★42.Theunderlinedword"this"hererefersto.

A.doingsomelow-intensitystretchesandexercisestorelaxyourmuscles

B.usinglightweightstocalmlyexercisemusclesbeforegettingintobed

C.doingonesetof8to10repetitionsofabasicexerciseforeachupperbodymuscle

D.relaxingyourmusclesinyourupperbody,neck,andshoulders

43.WhichofthefollowingcanNOThelpyourelaxbeforegoingtobed?

A.Relaxingyourmuscles.B.Readingsomebooks.

C.Eatingsomechocolates.D.Listeningtosomesoftmusic.

44.Accordingtothispassage,themostimportantthingtogetagoodnight'ssleepis.

A.toeattoomuchB.togetpreparedfortomorrow'swork

C.torelaxyourselfD.nottobehungry

LOSTANDFOUNDROOMATES

FOUND:Cat,6monthsold,blackandwhiteFEMALROOMATEWANTED

marking.FoundnearLindenandSouthOwnroomnearcampus.AvailableDecember

U.Steve,800—4661ls,.Rent$80permonthuntilMarchls,.$129

thereafter.CallJillfordetails,800—7839.

LOST:Goldwirerimglassesinbrowncase.NEEDPERSONtoassumeleaseforown

Campusarea.Reward.CallGregg800---2896bedroominapt.nearcampus,$92/mo.Starting

Jan.1st.Call800—6157after5:00

FORSAILHELPWANTED

MOVING:Mustsell.TVb/w2seconds,$50;BABYSITTER-MYHOME

AM/FMtransistorradioA/corbattery,Ifyouareavailableafewhoursduringthe

$15;cassettetaperecorder,$10;musicday,someeveningsandoccasionalweekendsto

records.CallJohnorPat,800~0739after5orcarefor2school-agechildren,pleasecall

weekends.GayleMooredays800—1111,eveningsand

weekends800~4964.

USEDFURCOATSandJACKETSWAITRESSWANTED:

GOODCONDITION.$50--¥125.Call10a.m.—2p.m.or

800---0436after12noon.10:30a.m.---5p.m.

Applyinperson,207s.Mai.Curtis

Restaurant.

45.Ifyouwantajoboftakingcareofchildren,whichadwillyouanswer?

A.LOSTANDFOUNDB.ROOMMATESC.FORSAILD.HELPWANTED

46.Youwillcallifyouwanttobuyaradio.

A.800—0436B.800—0739C.800—4661D.800-4964

★47.IfyourauntwantstorentaroomfromFeb.1sttoApri.lst,howmuchmoneyshouldshepay?

A.$160B.$129C.$209D.$418

Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleareanxiousandself-conscious;that

is,theyareoverconcernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.Worrisomethoughtsareconstantlyoccurringintheir

minds;whatkindofimpressionamImaking?Dotheylikeme?DoIsoundstupid?AmIwearingunattractiveclothes?

Itisobviousthatsuchuncomfortablefeelingsmustaffectpeopleunfavorably.Aperson\self-conceptisreflectedin

thewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonthinkaboutthemselveswhichhasadeepeffectonallareasoftheirlives.

Shypeople,whohavelowself-esteem（自尊），arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedfaith

thattheyaredoing“therightthing".Shypeopleareverysensitivetocriticism.Itmakesthemfeelinferior（自卑）.They

alsofinditdifficulttobepleasedbypraisesbecausetheybelievetheyareunworthyofpraise.Ashypersonmayrespond

toapraisewithastatementlikethisone:"You'rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood,Iknowit'snottrue."Itisclear

that,whileself-awarenessisahealthyquality,overdoingitisharmful.Canshynessbecompletelygotridof,oratleast

reduced?Fortunately,peoplecanovercomeshynesswithdetermination.Itisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheir

weaknessesaswellastheirstrengths,forexample,notfairforthemtolabelthemselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavetobe

realistic.Livingontheimpossibleleadstoasenseofinadequacy（不适当，不充足）.Eachoneofushashisorherown

characteristics.Weareinterestedinourownpersonalways.Thebetterweunderstandourselves,theeasieritbecomesto

liveuptoourchancesforarichandfulfillinglife.

48.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout.

A.thethoughtsofshypeopleB.thecauseofshyness

C.theeffectofshynessonpeopleD.thequestionsinthemindsofshypeople

★49.Accordingtothewriter,self-awarenessis.

A・harmfultopeopleB.aweakpointofshypeople

C・thecauseofunhappinessD.agoodcharacteristics

50.Whatistheshypeople'sreactiontopraise?

A.TheyarepleasedbyitB.Theyfeelitisnottrue

C.TheyareverysensitivetoitD.Theyfeeltheyareworthyofit

★51.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatshynesscan.

A.blockourchancesfbrasuccessfullife

B.helpustoliveuptoourfulldevelopment

C.enableustounderstandourselvesbetter

D.havenothingtodowithlack