2021-2022学年福建省三明市高一上学期期末质量检测英语试题（解析版）（不含听力音频）

2021-2022学年福建省三明市高一上学期期末质量检测英语试题（试卷满分150分；考试时间120分钟）本试卷由四个部分组成。其中第一、第二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题，第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名填写在答题卡上。考生要认真核对答题卡上的信息。2.回答选择题时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，用黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写作答。如在试卷上作答，答案无效。3.考试结束，监考员将答题卡收回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatwillthemanbedoingat8:00p.m.?A.Havingdinner.B.Doinghishomework.C.Talkingonthephone.2.Whywasthemanlateforworkthismorning?A.Hewasinacaraccident.B.Hiscarbrokedownhalfway.C.Hecouldn'tgethiscarstarted.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Inahotel.C.Inarestaurant.4.Howmanytimeshasthewomancalledthedoctor?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.5.Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheboy?A.Heisaperfectstudent.B.Heiswelcomedbyeveryone.C.Heisverydifferentfromhissisters.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whereistheconversationtakingplace?A.InCanada.B.InChina.C.InAustralia.7Whydidn'tthemantakehisholidaythissummer?A.Hehasneverlovedtraveling.B.Hehadtodealwithafamilyissue.C.Hehadtoomanyconferencestoattend.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whowillgotoasoccermatchtonight?A.Laura.B.Mary.C.Bob.9Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theirplans.B.Theirjobs.C.Theirfavoritesports.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whydoesthemancallthewoman?A.Toinvitehertodinner.B.Toholdapartyforhissister.C.Tobookaroomforaholiday.11.Whatdayisittoday?A.Wednesday.B.Tuesday.C.Monday.12.Whatdoesthemanchooseforthemaincourse?A.Fish.B.Beef.C.Pizza.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wherearethespeakersnow?A.Inaforest.B.Inaschool.C.Inahospital.14.Whatwouldthemanmostprobablywanttodoforaliving?A.Ownapetshop.B.Medicallytreatpetsandotheranimals.C.Workfortheprotectionofwildanimals.15.Whatmostlikelyinspiredthewomantochoosehercareer?A.Savingillpeople'slives.B.Makinghercustomershappy.C.Beinginterestedinthemedicalindustry.6.Whatisprobablythemostchallengingthingaboutthewoman'sjob?A.Workinglonghours.B.Travelingalotforbusiness.C.Dealingwithupsetcustomers.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Sleeptime.B.Sleepquality.C.Sleepposition.18.Whatisthefunctionofsleep?A.Predictingthefuture.B.Dealingwiththoughts.CHavingpleasantdreams.19.Whatisthespeaker'ssuggestionforsleepingwell?A.Gettingupearly.B.Takingmedicine.C.Sortingoutproblems.20.Howoftendoesthespeakerdreamnow?A.Never.B.Sometimes.C.Allthetime.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AJusttwenty-twomilesofftheCaliforniacoastsitstheMediterraneanIslandofCatalina.Eventhoughit'sashorttripaway,CatalinaIslandcreatesthefeelingthatyou'refar,farawayinparadise.TheBestTimetoGotoCatalinaIslandTheweatherinCatalinaIslandisatitsbestinspringandfall.It'sduringthisoff-seasonperiodthattheislandislessbusyandcrowdsareeasilyavoidable.Thosewhopreferpubliceventsandmeetingnewpeopleshouldvisitduringthesummer.Thisisthebusiestseason,andtherearelotsofgreatpublicgatherings.RecommendedActivitiesIfyou'relookingforthebestCaliforniahiking.CatalinaIslandistheplaceforyou.ThereisanentirenetworkoftrailsthatissurroundedbynonstopviewsofthePacificOcean.88%ofCatalinaIslandiscompletelyundevelopedandpreserved.Asaresult,yougettoexperiencethegreatoutdoorsinitsnatural,untouchedbeauty.Zip-Lining(高空滑索)isamustforthrillseekerswhowantagoodadventurevacation.It'swithina15-20-minutewalkfromthecentralcityofAcalon.PlanyourdreamgetawayandexperiencetherecommendationsofthisCatalinaIslandtravelguidebymakingareservationonboardCatalinaExpress!Formoreinformation,clickHERE!1.Whenisthebesttimetovisittheislandifoneissociable?A.Inspring. B.Inautumn. C.Insummer. D.Inwinter.2.WhatdoweknowaboutCatalinaIsland?A.It'sfarofftheCaliforniacoast. B.It'swell-knownforindooractivities.C.It'ssurroundedbythePacificOcean. D.It'sacompletelyundevelopedisland.3.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Anewsreport. B.Awebpage.C.Ageographybook. D.Atravelmagazine.【答案】1.C2.C3.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了卡特琳娜岛这个旅游景点的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thosewhopreferpubliceventsandmeetingnewpeopleshouldvisitduringthesummer.(那些喜欢公共活动和结识新朋友的人应该在夏季参观。)”可知，如果你喜欢社交，夏天是去这个岛的最佳时间。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“CatalinaIslandistheplaceforyou.ThereisanentirenetworkoftrailsthatissurroundedbynonstopviewsofthePacificOcean.(卡特琳娜岛是适合你的地方。这里有一个完整的步道网络，周围是不间断的太平洋景色。)”可知，CatalinaIsland被太平洋包围了。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Formoreinformation,clickHERE!(更多信息，请点击这里!)”可知，文章最后可能出自一个网页。故选B。B"HEY,HOWYOUDONG?I'mCourtney.Whatgradeareyouin?Third?What'syourfavoritebook?ElephantandPiggy?Yeah,Igotit.Ifyouthoughtyou'dwalkedintoalibrarywithagreetinglikethat,youwouldn'tbetoofaroff.Infact,you'veenteredtheworkplaceofCourtneyHolmes,alsoknownastheStorybookBarber.Twoyearsago,Dubuque,TheideawassopopularthathecontinueditthefirstTuesdayofeverymonthforthenexttwoyears.Kidswouldgrabafavoritebook,settleintothebarberchair,andreadaloudwhileHolmeswashair-cutting,offeringhelpwhenkidshadtroublereading.Holmes,whoismarriedandhastwosons,agedthreeandfour,recognizesnoteveryparenthasthetimetoreadwiththeirkids."Igetit.Youhavefourkids,andyou'reworkingtwojobs.Sittingdownandlisteningtothemreadisthelastthingyouhavetimetodo.Sobringyourkidsinandletthemreadtome."Holmesadmitshebenefitsfromthefreeactivity."Therewasaseven-year-oldwhostruggledthroughhisbook,"saidHolmes,"Ihadtheboytakethebookhomeandpractice.Whenthechildcamebackafewdayslater,hereaditwithnoproblems.Thatinspiresme."4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHolmes?A.Active. B.Confident. C.Kind. D.Outgoing.5.WhydidHolmessetuptheStorybookBarber?A.Toearnmoremoney.B.Tocontributetothecommunity.C.Topromotepubliclibrary.D.Tocallonpeopletolovereading.6.What'suniqueabouttheStorybookBarber?A.Thebossisverypositive.B.Thecustomersarehomeless.C.Theworkersareallvolunteers.D.Thepoorkidscouldreadforhaircut.7.WhatdidHolmesmeaninthelastparagraph?A.Readingmakesafullman.B.Rosesgiven,fragranceinhand.C.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.D.Morehandsproduceastrongerflame.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Holmes创立了StorybookBarber，让贫穷的孩子们通过给他读一本书来获得免费理发的机会。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“HewasholdingdowntwojobsatthetimeandSaturdaywashisbusiestday,buthechosetogivefreehaircutstopoorkids.(当时他有两份工作，周六是他最忙的一天，但他选择给穷孩子免费理发。)”可知，Holmes免费给穷人的孩子剪头发，由此可推知，他是善良的。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Twoyearsago,Dubuque,Iowa,helditsfirstannualBacktoSchoolBash,offeringneedyfamiliesanopportunitytolearnaboutfreeresourcesinthecommunity.Holmesagreedtoparticipate.(两年前，爱荷华州的迪比克举行了第一届年度返校狂欢会，为贫困家庭提供了一个了解社区免费资源的机会。Holmes同意参加。)”可知，Holmes成立了这个故事书理发师为社区做贡献。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Severaltimeslaterhehadalight-bulbmoment:Thekidsshouldearntheirfreehaircutbyhavingtoreadabooktohim.(几次之后，他灵光一闪：孩子们应该通过给他读一本书来获得免费理发的机会。)”可知，StorybookBarber的特别之处在于贫穷的孩子们可以为理发而读书。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Holmesadmitshebenefitsfromthefreeactivity."Therewasaseven-year-oldwhostruggledthroughhisbook,"saidHolmes,"Ihadtheboytakethebookhomeandpractice.Whenthechildcamebackafewdayslater,hereaditwithnoproblems.Thatinspiresme."(Holmes承认，他从这项免费活动中获益。Holmes说:"有个七岁的孩子很吃力地读完了他的书。我让他把书带回家练习。几天后，孩子又回来了，他读起来一点问题也没有。这激励着我。”)”可知，Holmes在帮助别人的时候激励了自己，由此可知，Holmes的意思是赠人玫瑰，手留余香。故选B。CAthinteenagerleansoveralaptop,programminginstructionsthatwillcontrola3-Dcarvingmachine.Notfaraway,aserious-lookinggirllooksthroughtheshieldofalasercutter,seeingthebeamshootintoaboard.WelcometoInnovationandCreationLabinIllinois,US.Here,withthehelpofdigitalequipmentsuchas3-Dprintersandcarvers,JeffSolinisteachinghisstudentsthatlearningisn'tjustaboutgettingeveryquestionright.It’saboutdesigningandcreatingwithoutfearoffailure.“Failureisabigpartofthisclass,”Solinsaid.“Iletthemunderstandthattheycantryandfail,learn,thentryagain.”Thelabincludesfourlasercutters,six3-Dcarvers,five3-Dscanners,andnine3-Dprinters.Solinteachesthroughprojectsandaimsforstudentstomaketheirwaythroughthelab’sequipment.Theystartedwiththelasercutterandasimpletask:cutouttwocubesandputacalendarforeachmonthontoall12sidesofthecubestocreateadesktopcalendar.Solinnoticedonestudentwasn’tfollowinginstructions.Heputhisfavoritecartoonsintothesoftwaretoetchtheimagesontothesquares,whichSolinliked.Shesaid,“Changeofplans!Idon’tcarewhatyoudo.Itjusthastobeacube”.WessleyGutierrez,oneofSolin’sstudents,saidthat’swhathelikedmostabouttheclassandhecouldthinkupwhateverhewanted.8.What’sthefunctionofparagraph1?A.Toleadinthetopic. B.Toexplaintheprocess.C.Toattractthereaderstothelab. D.Toshowhowtousetheequipment.9.WhatcanstudentsprobablydoinSolin’sclass?A.Theyhavetowearprotectiveshield. B.Theycanaddtheirideastoproducts.C.Theyshouldrepair3-Dequipmentskillfully. D.Theymustfollowteachers’instructionsstrictly.10.WhatdidGutierrezthinkofSolin’sclass?A.Boringandconfusing. B.Funnyandamazing.C.Excitingandmysterious. D.Creativeandinspiring.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.JeffSolin’sspecialteaching. B.Thedevelopmentof3-Dlabs.C.Anintroductiontothelatest3-Dprinters. D.Theimportanceoftrialandfailureindesign.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国伊利诺斯州的创新与创造实验室里，JeffSolin在3D打印机和雕刻师等数字设备的帮助下教导学生，让学生学习关于设计和创造，且不害怕失败。文章介绍了实验室的相关设备以及Solin的教学目的。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Athinteenagerleansoveralaptop,programminginstructionsthatwillcontrola3-Dcarvingmachine.Notfaraway,aserious-lookinggirllooksthroughtheshieldofalasercutter,seeingthebeamshootintoaboard.(一个瘦削的少年斜靠在一台笔记本电脑上，编写控制3D雕刻机的指令。不远处，一个神情严肃的女孩透过激光切割机的防护罩，看到激光束射进了一块板上)”以及第二段“WelcometoInnovationandCreationLabinIllinois,US.Here,withthehelpofdigitalequipmentsuchas3-Dprintersandcarvers,JeffSolinisteachinghisstudentsthatlearningisn'tjustaboutgettingeveryquestionright.It'saboutdesigningandcreatingwithoutfearoffailure.(欢迎来到美国伊利诺斯州的创新与创造实验室。在这里，在3D打印机和雕刻师等数字设备的帮助下，JeffSolin正在教导他的学生，学习不仅仅是正确回答每一道问题。它是关于设计和创造，而不害怕失败)”可推知，第一段对课堂一幕的描写是为了引出下一段JeffSolin老师教学特点这一话题。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“JeffSolinisteachinghisstudentsthatlearningisn'tjustaboutgettingeveryquestionright.It'saboutdesigningandcreatingwithoutfearoffailure.(JeffSolin正在教导他的学生，学习不仅仅是正确回答每一道问题。它是关于设计和创造，而不害怕失败)”和最后一段“Changeofplans!Idon’tcarewhatyoudo.Itjusthastobeacube(改变计划!我不管你做什么。它只需要是个立方体)”可知，学生在Solin的课上可以有自己的设计和创新，可以把自己的想法添加到产品中。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“WessleyGutierrez,oneofSolin'sstudents,saidthat'swhathelikedmostabouttheclassandhecouldthinkupwhateverhewanted.(WessleyGutierrez是Solin的学生之一，他说这是他最喜欢这门课的地方，他可以想出任何他想要的东西)”可推知，Gutierrez认为Solin的课程有创造性且鼓舞人心。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“WelcometoInnovationandCreationLabinIllinois,US.Here,withthehelpofdigitalequipmentsuchas3-Dprintersandcarvers,JeffSolinisteachinghisstudentsthatlearningisn'tjustaboutgettingeveryquestionright.It'saboutdesigningandcreatingwithoutfearoffailure.(欢迎来到美国伊利诺斯州的创新与创造实验室。在这里，在3D打印机和雕刻师等数字设备的帮助下，JeffSolin正在教导他的学生，学习不仅仅是正确回答每一道问题。它是关于设计和创造，而不害怕失败)”，并结合文章还介绍了实验室的相关设备以及Solin的教学目的。可知，文章的主旨是介绍JeffSolin的特殊教学。故选A。DWeoftenrelategiantsolarpanelstodeserts.Buttheextremeheatcanlimitsolarpanels’productivity.“It’slikeyourlaptoporyourhomecomputer.Ifitoverheats,itslowsdown.Sothere’sthistradeoffbetweenhavingalot,alotofsunlikeinadesert,butifitgetstoohottheefficiencyofthosepanelsdrops.”saidOregonStateUniversityecologicalengineerChadHiggins.Histeamisinterestedinwherephotovoltaicpanelsshouldbeplacedtomaximizeenergyproduction.Inadditiontomoderatetemperaturesandsunlight,theyfoundthatconditionsforthemostefficiencyincludelowrelativehumidityandgentlewindsthatimprovetransferofheatfromthepanels.Byanalyzingsatellitedataforthesefourfactors,theycreatedamapofpossiblesolarpanelproductivityfordifferentlandtypesaroundtheglobe.Whichoneisontop?Croplands.It’sasweetspotwhereyougetalotofsunbutithasapleasanttemperatureandthatiswhereyougetthemostproductivity.Otherfactorsalsofavorcroplandsolar.Croplandsareoftenclosertopopulationcenterswherethereisamarketforelectricity,ratherthanwayoffinthedesert.Croplandsareusuallyflatandalreadydisturbed.Soyoudon’thaveasmanyecologicalprotectionworries.Higgins’teamthinksthatagricultureandsolarcanbenefiteachother,leadingtoamoresustainableenergyfuture.Higginshopestheresearchwillhelpsolarcompaniesandfarmersworktogethertofeedtheworldandpowerittoo.Apossibilitythatshouldbrightenanyone’sday.12.Whatlimitstheefficiencyofthesolarpanelsbuiltindeserts?A.Thehightemperature. B.Longdistanceoftransferring.C.Lackofcomputercontrol. D.Thequalityofthesolarpanels.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“moderate”inparagraph2probablymean?A.High. B.Normal. C.Low. D.Suitable.14.What’soneofthebenefitsofbuildingsolarpanelsincroplands?A.Itmakescroplandsflat. B.Itbuildsamarketforelectricity.C.Itcauseslessenvironmentconcern. D.Itleadstomorecropproduction.15.What’sthesuitabletitleofthetext?A.LocationsforPhotovoltaicPanelsB.Croplands—aSweetPlaceforSolarPanelsC.FactorsinMaximumProductivityofSolarPanelsD.ConnectionbetweenSolarCompaniesandFarmers【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了工程师们通过分析数据发现农田最适宜设置太阳能电池板，文章介绍了在农田安装太阳能电池板的一些有利因素以及这项研究的重要意义。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Weoftenrelategiantsolarpanelstodeserts.Buttheextremeheatcanlimitsolarpanels’productivity.(我们经常把巨大的太阳能电池板和沙漠联系起来。但高温会限制太阳能电池板的生产力)”可知，高温限制了建造在沙漠中的太阳能电池板的效率。故选A。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Histeamisinterestedinwherephotovoltaicpanelsshouldbeplacedtomaximizeenergyproduction.(他的团队感兴趣的是光伏电池板应该放置在哪里，以最大限度地提高能源产量)”以及后文“temperaturesandsunlight,theyfoundthatconditionsforthemostefficiencyincludelowrelativehumidityandgentlewindsthatimprovetransferofheatfromthepanels”可知，这一团队为了提高能源产量，要寻找合适的温度和阳光，而且他们还发现效率最高的条件包括较低的相对湿度和改善面板热量传递的和风。故画线词意思是“合适的”。A.High.高的；B.Normal.正常的；C.Low.低的；D.Suitable.合适的。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Croplandsareoftenclosertopopulationcenterswherethereisamarketforelectricity,ratherthanwayoffinthedesert.Croplandsareusuallyflatandalreadydisturbed.Soyoudon’thaveasmanyecologicalprotectionworries.(农田通常更靠近有电力市场的人口中心，而不是在遥远的沙漠中。农田通常是平坦的，而且已经被改造。这样你就不用担心那么多的生态保护问题)”可知，在农田里建造太阳能电池板的好处是它引起较少的环境关注。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Byanalyzingsatellitedataforthesefourfactors,theycreatedamapofpossiblesolarpanelproductivityfordifferentlandtypesaroundtheglobe.Whichoneisontop?Croplands.It’sasweetspotwhereyougetalotofsunbutithasapleasanttemperatureandthatiswhereyougetthemostproductivity.(通过分析这四个因素的卫星数据，他们绘制了一张全球不同土地类型可能的太阳能电池板生产率地图。哪一个在上面？农田。那里阳光充足，温度宜人，生产力最高)”以及最后一段“Higgins’teamthinksthatagricultureandsolarcanbenefiteachother,leadingtoamoresustainableenergyfuture.Higginshopestheresearchwillhelpsolarcompaniesandfarmersworktogethertofeedtheworldandpowerittoo.Apossibilitythatshouldbrightenanyone’sday.(Higgins的研究小组认为，农业和太阳能可以相互受益，带来一个更可持续的能源未来。Higgins希望这项研究将有助于太阳能公司和农民共同努力，为世界提供粮食和能源。这种可能性会让任何人的一天都充满欢乐)”结合文章主要说明了工程师们通过分析数据发现农田最适宜设置太阳能电池板，文章介绍了在农田安装太阳能电池板的一些有利因素以及这项研究的重要意义。可知，B选项“农田——太阳能电池板的适宜之地”最符合文章标题。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Studyingisoneofthosethingsthat'seasytolosemotivation(动力)for.___16___.Andthereareseveralwaystomakesureyourstudyingisstress-freeandevenfun.RememberWhyYouStudyThefirstthingtodoistorememberwhyyou'restudying.Reasonstostudymayincludekeepingupyouroverallgradesorpassingaclass.___17___.Thiscangoalongwayinmotivatingyoutostart.___18___Yourenvironmenthasaneffectonyouremotionalstate.Somakesureyou'restudyinginaplacethathelps.Trycleaningandtidyingupyourdeskandremovedistractionsfromyourspaceaswell,likecellphones.Italsomaybeagoodideatomakesureyou'renotsocomfortableinyourworkspacethatyoufallasleeporfeellazy.___19___.ChangeLocationsSometimes,yourtypicalstudyinglocationmaygetboring.Ifyou'rehavingahardtimemotivatingyourself,trymovingtoanewenvironmenttostudy.Goingtothelocallibraryoracoffeeshopcanmakeyoufeellikeyou'rereally"doingsomething"andcanpromoteyourmotivation.Ifyoucan'tgotoalibraryorcoffeeshop,youcantryjustmovingyourworkintoanotherroom.___20___.Soifyoutakeactionfirst,yourmotivationmayendupmakingasurpriseappearanceafterall.A.ClearYourDeskB.PrepareYourEnvironmentC.EnvironmentcaninfluenceyouremotionsD.Inshort,motivationactuallyoftenfollowsactionE.Butregainingmotivationforstudyingisn'timpossibleF.TakesometimetoreflectonwhatyourreasonforstudyingmightbeG.Sittinguprightatadeskcanputyouintherightmentalmoodtodigintoyourwork【答案】16.E17.F18.B19.G20.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些提高学习动机的方法。【16题详解】根据上文“Studyingisoneofthosethingsthat'seasytolosemotivation(动力)for.(学习是很容易失去动力的事情之一。)”和下文“Andthereareseveralwaystomakesureyourstudyingisstress-freeandevenfun.(有几种方法可以确保你的学习没有压力，甚至是有趣的。)”可知，空处和上文形成转折关系，说明重新获得学习动力是有可能的。E项：Butregainingmotivationforstudyingisn'timpossible（但是重新获得学习的动力不是不可能的）符合语境。故选E。【17题详解】根据上文“Thefirstthingtodoistorememberwhyyou'restudying.Reasonstostudymayincludekeepingupyouroverallgradesorpassingaclass.(首先要做的是记住你为什么学习。学习的理由可能包括保持你的整体成绩或通过一门课程。)”可知，此处表示要反思学习的原因，F项中的“reflecton”和上文的“remember”对应。F项：Takesometimetoreflectonwhatyourreasonforstudyingmightbe（花点时间反思一下你学习的原因）符合语境。故选F。【18题详解】空处为段落小标题。根据下文“Yourenvironmenthasaneffectonyouremotionalstate.Somakesureyou'restudyinginaplacethathelps.(你的环境会影响你的情绪状态。所以确保你在一个有帮助的地方学习。)”可知，本段内容主要讲述的是配备良好的学习环境。B项：PrepareYourEnvironment（准备你的环境）符合语境。故选B。【19题详解】根据上文“Italsomaybeagoodideatomakesureyou'renotsocomfortableinyourworkspacethatyoufallasleeporfeellazy.(确保你在工作环境中不太舒服，以至于你会睡着或感到懒惰，这也可能是一个好主意。)”可知，空处举例说明在办公室如何创造环境让自己保持良好的精神状态。G项：Sittinguprightatadeskcanputyouintherightmentalmoodtodigintoyourwork（在书桌前坐直能让你处于良好的精神状态，专心学习）符合语境。故选G。【20题详解】根据下文“Soifyoutakeactionfirst,yourmotivationmayendupmakingasurpriseappearanceafterall.(所以，如果你先采取行动，你的动机最终可能会让你大吃一惊。)”可知，本段主要讲述要采取积极的行动来保持动机。D项：Inshort,motivationactuallyoftenfollowsaction（简而言之，动机往往是伴随着行动而来的）符合语境。故选D。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。EmployeesatarestaurantinOhioreceivedaChristmasgiftwhenacustomerlefta5600-dollartipforalltheemployeestodivide.The___21___wasdiningwhenheleftthe___22___tipforall28employees.After___23___it,eachemployeetook$200home.“Myeyesare___24___nowtalkingaboutit,”saidSalloukh,theownerortherestaurant.“Myemployeesbecomemyfamilyandeveryone___25___eachother.Manyemployeesweren’tableto___26___aChristmastreebecauseofthepandemic(传染病).Thelargetipmadethat___27___,whichgaveusalotof___28___.Itisjustabeautifulthingtodofor28___29___youdon’tevenknow.Salloukhbeganto_____30_____hisrestaurantwhenhewas25yearsold,andlikemanyotherbusinessowners,was_____31_____tokeepitaliveduetoCOVID-19.It’sreportedthat100,000restaurantshad_____32_____sofarinSeptember,2020.About60%ofthesebusinessesthatcametoanendduringthepandemicwillneverreopen,andrestaurantshave_____33_____most.Thensuddenlythisgentlemancameinand_____34_____usa5600-dollartipforallouremployees.”‘Thankyou’isn’tenough.Weare_____35_____forwhathedid.“addedSalloukh.21.A.owner B.guest C.visitor D.tourist22.A.massive B.extra C.usual D.small23.A.donating B.counting C.giving D.dividing24.A.hurt B.watering C.injured D.rolling25.A.smilesat B.hugs C.caresabout D.contacts26.A.afford B.plant C.decorate D.remove27.A.necessary B.possible C.meaningful D.practical28.A.confidence B.influence C.chance D.hope29.A.foreigners B.customers C.strangers D.experts30.A.run B.fix C.design D.establish31.A.unwilling B.likely C.refusing D.struggling32.A.advanced B.survived C.closed D.existed33.A.changed B.increased C.benefited D.suffered34.A.requested B.offered C.cheated D.supplied35.A.thankful B.happy C.eager D.thirsty【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.B25.C26.A27.B28.D29.C30.A31.D32.C33.D34.B35.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了俄亥俄州一家餐厅的员工收到了一份圣诞礼物，一名顾客留下了5600美元的小费，让所有员工平分，这些小费足以让这些员工在受疫情严重影响的情况下过个美好的圣诞节，饭店老板和员工对此表示感谢。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位客人在用餐时给28名员工留下了巨额小费。A.owner拥有者；B.guest客人；C.visitor拜访者；D.tourist游客。根据“whenacustomerlefta5600-dollartipforalltheemployeestodivide.”可知，一位顾客留下了巨额小费。此处是信息词guest的词汇复现。故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.massive大量的；B.extra额外的；C.usual通常的；D.small小的。根据“Thelargetip”可知，这笔小费的数额是巨大的。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：分配后，每个员工把200美元拿回家。A.donating捐赠；B.counting重要，数数；C.giving给；D.dividing划分。根据第一段“foralltheemployeestodivide”可知，这笔小费是要在员工之间分配。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：说到这里，我的眼睛就会流泪。A.hurt受伤；B.watering充满眼泪；C.injured受伤；D.rolling滚动。根据“Myeyes”可知，Salloukh因为这笔小费而感动，所以眼睛充满泪水。故选B。【25题详解】考查动词短语和动词词义辨析。句意：我的员工就像我的家人，每个人都互相关心。A.smilesat对……微笑；B.hugs拥抱；C.caresabout关心，在意；D.contacts接触。根据“Myemployeesbecomemyfamily”可知，所有的员工就像家人一样，因此他们相互关心彼此。故选C。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于疫情，许多员工买不起圣诞树。A.afford付得起；B.plant种植；C.decorate装饰；D.remove移除。根据空后的“becauseofthepandemic(传染病)”可知，由于“新冠病毒”这种流行病，饭店生意不景气，很多员工都买不起圣诞树和礼物。故选A。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大笔的小费让这成为可能，这给了我们很大的希望。A.necessary有必要的；B.possible可能的；C.meaningful有意义的；D.practical实际的。根据上文“Manyemployeesweren'tableto___6___aChristmastreebecauseofthepandemic(传染病).”可知，大笔的小费让过一个美好的圣诞节成为可能。故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.confidence自信；B.influence影响；C.chance机会；D.hope希望。根据语境可知，有了这笔小费，那些员工就能买礼物和圣诞树，这对他们来说就充满了希望。故选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对28个你甚至不认识的陌生人来说，这简直是一件美妙的事。A.foreigners外国人；B.customers顾客；C.strangers陌生人；D.experts专家。根据“youdon'tevenknow”可知，这28个都是陌生人。故选C。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：萨鲁赫25岁时开始经营他的餐馆，和许多其他企业主一样，由于COVID-19，他努力维持它的生存。A.run跑，经营；B.fix修理，安装；C.design设计；D.establish建立。根据“andlikemanyotherbusinessowners,was___11___tokeepitaliveduetoCOVID-19.”可知，萨鲁赫25岁时开始经营他的餐馆。故选A。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.unwilling不愿意的；B.likely可能的；C.refusing废料的；D.struggling奋斗的。根据“keepitaliveduetoCOVID-19”可知，他努力维持它的生存。故选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：据报道，到目前为止，2020年9月已有10万家餐馆关门。A.advanced提前，进步；B.survived幸存；C.closed关闭；D.existed存在。根据下文中的“About60%ofthesebusinessesthatcametoanend”可知，受疫情影响，很多饭店关门了。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在疫情期间倒闭的企业中，约60%将永远不会重新开业，其中餐饮业损失最大。A.changed改变；B.increased增加；C.benefited对……有益；D.suffered遭受。根据“About60%ofthesebusinessesthatcametoanendduringthepandemicwillneverreopen”可知，饭店受到的损失最大。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，这位先生走进来，提供给我们所有员工5600美元的小费。A.requested请求；B.offered提供；C.cheated欺骗；D.supplied供应。根据“whenacustomerlefta5600-dollartip”可知，那位顾客“给我们小费”，所以用offer。故选B。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“‘谢谢’是不够的。我们感谢他所做的一切。”Salloukh补充说。A.thankful感谢的；B.happy开心的；C.eager渴望的；D.thirsty口渴的。根据“'Thankyou'isn'tenough.”可知，此处表达了对那位顾客的感谢。故选A。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Solarterms,alsocalledJieqiinChinese,are24specialdaysinthetraditionalChinesecalendar.Knownasthe"___36___(five)greatinvention"ofChina,solartermsshowtheChinesewisdomofdividingtime.Solartermsfirst___37___(appear)inTheYellowRiverBasin,northernChinaover2,500yearago.___38___(historical),theregionwasthecenterofChina'smajorpolitical,economic,culturaland___39___(agriculture)activities.UntiltheWesternHanDynasty,the24solartermswereallestablished.Createdbyfarmers,24solarterms___40___(use)toguidefarmingactivitiesinancientChina.Inancienttime,solartermsallowedfarmerstoknowwhatconditionstoexpectand___41___farmingactivitiestocarryoutduringdifferentperiodsofayear.What'smore,mostofthesolartermshaverichsocialandcultural___42___(meaning).Forexample,ClearandBrightisdeeplytied___43___China'straditionofmissingancestorsand___44___(visit)thefamilytomb.Today,inthetimeofmodernfarming,traditionalsolartermsremainimportant.Theyremindusthatnatureischangingatitsspeed,andtheyreflecttherelationshipbetweenhumans____45____natureintheunderstandingofChinesepeople.【答案】36.fifth37.appeared38.Historically39.agricultural40.wereused41.what42.meanings43.to44.visiting45and【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了24节气的历史来源和它的意义。【36题详解】考查序数词。句意：作为中国的“第五大发明”，节气体现了中国人划分时间的智慧。根据句意可知，冠词the后用序数词形式。故填fifth。【37题详解】考查时态。句意：节气最早出现在2500多年前的中国北方黄河流域。根据时间状语over2,500yearago，可知这里动词应用一般过去时。故填appeared。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：历史上，该地区是中国主要政治、经济、文化和农业活动的中心。句中用副词作状语，修饰整个句子。故填Historically。【39题详解】考查形容词。句意：历史上，该地区是中国主要政治、经济、文化和农业活动的中心。名词activities前用形容词修饰。故填agricultural。【40题详解】考查时态与语态。句意：24节气是中国古代农民发明的，用来指导农业活动。名词24solarterms与动词use是被动关系且这是古代发生的事情。故填wereused。【41题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：在古代，节气让农民知道在一年的不同时期会发生什么情况，进行什么农业活动。分析句子结构可知，这里know后接宾语且连词and前是what引导的宾语从句。故填what。【42题详解】考查名词的数。句意：更重要的是，大多数节气都有丰富的社会和文化意义。形容词cultural后修饰名词且前面没有限定词，所以用名词的复数形式。故填meanings。43题详解】考查介词。句意：例如，清明与中国思念祖先和上坟的传统密不可分。固定短语betiedto与……紧密联系。故填to。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，清明与中国思念祖先和上坟的传统密不可分。根据并列连词and可知，介词of后动词用动名词形式。故填visiting。【45题详解】考查连词。句意：它们提醒我们，大自然在快速变化，反映了中国人对人与