新编大学英语（第四版）综合教程4（智慧版） 课件 B4U3 The muse within music Reading 2

COLLEGEENGLISH新编大学英语第四版综合教程4UnitThemusewithinmusic3NANJINGFORESTRYUNIVERSITYFOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSReading2目录contents新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Get

readytoreadTextexploration

ReadandthinkReadandpractice

ReadandtranslateReading2目录contents新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Get

readytoreadReadandthinkTextexplorationReadandpractice

ReadandtranslateReading2Get

readytoreadJazzisamusicgenrethatoriginatedintheAfrican-AmericancommunitiesofNewOrleans,Louisiana,inthelate19thandearly20thcenturies.Jazzisaboutmakingsomethingfamiliarintosomethingfresh,andaboutmakingsomethingsharedintosomethingpersonal.Watchavideoclipaboutjazzandanswerthequestionswithinformationfromthevideoclip.新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3WatchforinformationReading2Get

readytoread新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Reading2Get

readytoread新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit31.Whyisimprovisationimportanttojazz?Itisoneofthe1)_______________ofthismusicgenre.2.Whataresomeoftheguidingprinciplesofimprovisation?•2)________________withavailableresources.•Playingaroundwith3)___________.•Embellishing4)__________ofapiece.•Infusingwhatyouplaywithyour5)_________________________.definingfeaturesMakingupmusictherhythmthemelodyfeelinganduniquepersonalityReading2Get

readytoread新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit33.Howdoesimprovisationbenefitajazzband?

Itbuildsrelationshipsamongbandmembersandhelpsthemtotalkand6)______________________duringaperformance.4.Whathappenswhenabandimprovises?•Whenthesoloistexperimentswiththemelodyandchangesthe

rhythm,thepieceofmusicbecomes7)________________________.•Byjoiningthesoloist,theband8)________withthe

melodyandprovidesarhythmicandharmonicfoundationexpresstheirpersonalitiesmorefunandmorepersonalinteractsReading2Get

readytoread新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Workingroupsanddiscussthequestions.1.Whatimpressesyouthemostabouttheperformanceyou’vejustseen?2.Besidesaddingfuntothecreationofjazz,improvisationisalsoanimportantskillinoureverydaylife.Whataresomedaily-lifescenarioswhichmayrequireimprovisation?Reading2Get

readytoread新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Sampleanswers:1.Obviouslythemusicianshipofeveryoneintheband,especiallytheyoungsaxophoneplayer,isquiteimpressive.ButwhatIfoundmostimpressiveabouttheperformanceishowseamlessthebandimprovisationis.Everythinghappenssoorganically.Itisasiftheysharedsomekindof“secretlanguage,”whichallowedthemtomakemusicinsuchaspontaneousandreal-timeway.Itislikeaconversationwhereeveryoneknowsexactlywhentospeak,whentolisten,andwhattosay.Reading2Get

readytoread新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit32.Sincelifedoesnothappenaccordingtoascript,thereareplentyofscenariosinwhichwewillneedtoimprovise.Forexample,ifafriendofminearrivesunannouncedandithappenstobearoundthelunchhour,IprobablywillhavetocreatealunchonthespotfromwhateverIcanfindinthecupboard.Inthatcase,Iwillbeimprovisingameal.IfIamcaughtintherainunexpectedly,Imightimprovisebycoveringmyheadwithaplasticbag.Asstudents,wesometimesareaskedquestionsthatwedonotanticipate.Ouranswersaredrivenbythecontentwehavebeentalkingabout,andthenatureofthequestion,buttheyarealsoimprovisationalinnature.Thelistcangoonandon,whichreallyshowswhatavitalroleimprovisationplaysinourlives.Reading2目录contents新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3ReadandthinkReadandpractice

ReadandtranslateTextexploration

GetreadytoreadReading2TextexplorationPre-readingquestionsStructure

VocabularyBackgroundinformationTextreadingReading2TextexplorationBackgroundinformationTextreadingVocabularyPre-readingquestionsStructureReading2TextexplorationNeuroscienceisthestudyofthenervoussystem,whichincludesthebrain,spinalcord,andnerves.Thebraincontrolseveryaspectofthebody,fromemotionandmemorytobasicbodilyactivitiessuchasmovement,breathing,andcontrollingtheheartbeat.Neuroscienceislargelyaboutthestudyofbehavior—whydowedowhatwedo,andhowdoesthebraincarryoutthesetasks?Itisalsoconcernedwiththecausesandtreatmentofnervoussystemdisorders.新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3BackgroundinformationReading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3JohnColtrane(1926-1967)wasanAmericanjazzsaxophonist,bandleaderandcomposer.Heisamongthemostinfluentialandacclaimedfiguresinthehistoryofjazzand20th-centurymusic.Decadesafterhisdeath,Coltraneremainsinfluential,andhehasreceivednumerousposthumousawards.CulturenotesReading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3MilesDavis(1926-1991)wasanAmericanjazzmusician,trumpeter,bandleader,andcomposer.Heisamongthemostinfluentialandacclaimedfiguresinthehistoryofjazzand20th-centurymusic.Davisadoptedavarietyofmusicaldirectionsinaroughlyfive-decadecareerthatkepthimattheforefrontofmanymajorstylisticdevelopmentsinjazz.CulturenotesTextexplorationTextreadingVocabularyBackgroundinformationStructurePre-readingquestions新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Reading2Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Pre-readingquestions1.Whatisitthatdistinguishesjazzfromothermusicgenres?2.Whyiscreativityimportant?Whatdoesitcontribute?Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Sampleanswers:1.Oneofthemoststrikingfeaturesofjazzthatsetitapartfromothergenresisitsimprovisationalnature.Unlikeothergenreswherecompositionsarestrictlyadheredto,jazzmusiciansrelyontheirinstinctsandcreativitytospontaneouslycreateandadapttheirperformancesinreal-time.Thisfreedomgivesjazzadynamicandever-evolvingcharacter,andmusiciansarealsoallowedtoexpressthemselveswithartisticfreedom.Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit32.Intherapidlychangingworld,creativityhasemergedasakeyskillthatindividuals,communities,andnationsmustcultivate.Creativityfostersinnovation.Itencouragesindividualsandorganizationstothinkbeyondthebox,explorenewideas,andcreateproducts,services,andexperiencesthataredistinctiveandsuperior,whichdrivessocialdevelopment.Mostoftheremarkableachievementsinscience,art,andtechnologyresultfromcreativethinking.Creativityenrichescultureandsociety.Creativeexpressions,suchasart,music,literature,andfilm,reflectthevalues,beliefs,andaspirationsofasociety,offeranoutletforself-expressionandpersonalgrowthfwhilefosteringculturalexchangeandunderstanding.Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Creativityisessentialforproblem-solving.Itenablesindividualstoidentifyalternativesolutions,thinkoutsidetheconventionalwisdom,andfindinnovativewaystoaddresschallenges.Thisiscrucialintoday'sworld,wherecomplexissuesdemandinnovativeresponses.Creativityisalsobeneficialforpersonaldevelopment.Itfostersself-expression,confidence,andcognitiveflexibility.Engagingincreativeactivitiescanimprovemood,reducestress,andenhanceoverallwell-being.Reading2TextexplorationBackgroundinformationTextreadingPre-readingquestionsStructureVocabularyReading2Structure新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Textexploration1.Part1(Paras.1-2)2.Part2(Paras.3-4)3.Part3(Paras.5-7)4.Part4(Paras.8-12)5.Part5(Paras.13-15)Reading2新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3PartOne(Paras.1-2)Improvisationisimportanttojazzmusiciansandilluminatingtoneuroscientists.TextexplorationPartTwo(Paras.3-4)CharlesLimbbelievesstudyingthecreativeprocessinjazzimprovisationholdsthekeytounlockingthesecrettoanykindofcreation.Reading2新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3PartThree(Paras.5-7)Limb’sstudyfoundthatwhenjazzmusiciansimprovised,theirbrainswereinaspecialfunctionalstate.TextexplorationPartFour(Paras.8-12)Adecade’sstudyinthefieldofimprovisationalneurosciencehasenrichedourunderstandingofimprovisationandcreativity.Reading2新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3PartFive(Paras.13-15)Improvisationalcreativityisnotexclusivetothearts,andwecanlookforwaystoimproviseinourdailylife.TextexplorationReading2TextexplorationBackgroundinformationPre-readingquestionsVocabulary

StructureTextreadingReading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit31.Fingersgrazeakeyboard,poisedtoplay.Atrumpetrisestothelips.Drumsticksperchintheair.Whatcomesnext?Nooneknows.Thebeautyofjazzisthewayimprovisationisentwinedwithart,eachinstrumentcapableofhijackingthemelodyandreinventingitinwaysthemusicianisn’tevencognizantof.OrastrumpeterMilesDavisputit,“I’llplayitandtellyouwhatitislater.”2.CharlesLimbhasafarmorescientificdescription:“That’snotjustphenomenalmusic.That’sphenomenalneurobiology.”Thebeautyofjazzisthewayimprovisationisentwinedwithart,eachinstrumentcapableofhijackingthemelodyandreinventingitinwaysthemusicianisn’tevencognizantof.(Para.1)•Translation:爵士乐的美感就在于即兴创作与艺术紧密联系的方式，每件乐器都能控制旋律并以演奏者都不甚明了的方式对其进行重新创作。Reading2TextexplorationTextreading-Keysentences新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3•Grammar:Thepartafterthecommaisanabsoluteconstruction,composedofasubject(i.e.,“eachinstrument”)andanadjectivephrase(i.e.,“capableof…”).Theabsoluteconstructionfunctionsasanadverbialmodifyingtherestofthesentence.Anabsoluteconstructioncanalsobemadeupofasubjectandapresentparticipleorapastparticiple.e.g.Timepermitting,weshallgothereonfoot.Everythingtakenintoconsideration,hisplanseemstobemoreworkable.Theirslenderbodiessleekandblackagainsttheorangesky,thestorkscircledhighaboveus.

Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit33.AneuroscientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,andanaccomplishedjazzmusician,Limbhaslongbeenfascinatedbythegenesisofcreativity.Improvisationaljazz,hebelieves,isessentiallypurecreationinaction.It’swhatcanhappenwhenthebrainisfreedfromtheshacklesofcommonrulesandsimplyinvents.“Ihadalwaysintuitivelyunderstoodthatthecreativeprocessinjazzimprovisationisverydifferentfromtheprocessofmemorization,”heexplains.“Whenyouheargreatjazz,likeJohnColtraneorMilesDavis,ithasthisjawdroppingqualitytoit,andwhat’sbeendescribedas‘asoundofsurprise’takesplace.Andyouthinktoyourself,‘Wow.’”2.AneuroscientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,andanaccomplishedjazzmusician,…(Para.3)accomplished:a.goodatdoingsomethingthatneedsalotofskill,forexampleinart,music,orsport熟练的，有才艺的（如在艺术、音乐或体育方面）•Translation:（利姆）是加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校的一名神经科学家，同时也是一位技艺高超的爵士乐手，……Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Textreading-Keysentences3.“Whenyouheargreatjazz,likeJohnColtraneorMilesDavis,ithasthisjaw-droppingqualitytoit,…”(Para.3)jaw-dropping:a.causinggreatsurpriseorastonishment令人称奇的，让人吃惊的e.g.Thismountainousregionhasjaw-droppingscenery.quality:n.acharacteristicorfeatureofsomeoneorsomething品质，特性e.g.Thischeesehasaratherrubberyqualitytoit.•Translation:当你听到伟大的爵士乐，比如约翰·克兰特或者迈尔斯·戴维斯的音乐时，它有一种令人震惊的特质，……Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Textreading-KeysentencesReading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit34.So,Limblookedforawaytostudywhathappensinthebrainwhenitturnsinspirationintocreation.Findtherightkey,hebelieved,andsciencecouldonedayunlockthesecrettoanykindofcreation,whetherit’sartisticorsomethingmoreordinary,suchasabettersolutionfororganizingyourday.5.Toseewhetherhecouldquantifytheseeminglyineffablewaythebraincreates,Limbaskedjazzmusicianstoplayamemorizedsong,andtheirbrainswerescannedwithfunctionalMRI.Thenthemusicianswerescannedwhiletheywereriffingtocomparethedifferences.Theresults,publishedin2008,wereilluminating.4.Thenthemusicianswerescannedwhiletheywereriffingtocomparethedifferences.(Para.5)•Words:Whenjazzmusiciansare“riffing,”theyspontaneouslycreateandperformmelodicvariationsorshortmusicalphrases(乐句)onthespot.•Translation:之后，当爵士乐手们演奏连复段时，他们的大脑又一次被扫描，以便比较差异。Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Textreading-KeysentencesReading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit36.Whilethemusiciansimprovised,thepartofthebrainthatallowshumanstoexpressthemselves—themedialprefrontalcortex—becamemoreactive.Atthesametime,thepartofthebrainresponsibleforself-inhibitionandcontrol,thedorsolateralprefrontalcortex,becamedormant.7.Inotherwords,inordertoimprovisesuccessfully,themusiciansneededtodeactivatethepartoftheirbrainsresponsibleforself-monitoring,Limbsays.“Ifyou’retooself-conscious,it’sveryhardtobefreecreatively.”Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit38.Jazzmusiciansaren’ttheonlyfolkswhosebrainsshowuniquesignsofcreativityunleashed.

Inthepastdecade,thefieldofimprovisationalneurosciencehasexpandedtopeerinsidethebrainsofrappers,classicalmusicians,stand-upcomedians,caricatureartists,writers,andevenso-calleddivergentthinkers(peoplewhoareexcellentatthinkingontheirfeet).9.

Thesestudiesconsistentlyshowadifferencebetweenpeople’sbrainswhentheyareimprovisingandwhentheyarenot.“Sowe’requiteconvinced,”Limbnotes,“thatthestateofcreativityisadifferentfunctionalbrainstate,andit’smeasurable.”5.Jazzmusiciansaren’ttheonlyfolkswhosebrainsshowuniquesignsofcreativityunleashed.(Para.8)•Words:unleash:vt.suddenlyreleaseaviolentforcethatcannotbecontrolled

突然释放，使爆发e.g.Rachel’sarrivalonthescenehadunleashedpassionsinhimthathecouldscarcelycontrol.•Translation:并非只有爵士乐手的大脑有创造力被释放的独特迹象。Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Textreading-Keysentences6.Inthepastdecade,thefieldofimprovisationalneurosciencehasexpandedtopeerinsidethebrainsofrappers,classicalmusicians,…(Para.8)•Words:peer:v.

tolookverycarefullyatsomething,especiallybecauseyouarehavingdifficultyseeingit（尤指因看起来费劲而）盯着看，凝视e.g.Philippapeeredintothedarkness.n.yourpeersarethepeoplewhoarethesameageasyou,orwhohavethesametypeofjob,socialclassetc同龄人；社会地位相同的人e.g.Staffmembersaretrainedbytheirpeers.Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Textreading-Keysentences•Practice:美国儿童的数学成绩不如日本的同龄儿童。他正费力地透过淋湿的风挡盯视着前方的汽车。

Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3AmericanchildrendidlesswellinmaththantheirpeersinJapan.Hewaspeeringthroughthewetwindscreenatthecarsahead.Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit310.Oneofthemythsresearchershavedisprovedwasthattheso-called“right-brained”peoplearemorecreative,whilethe“left-brained”peoplearemoreanalytical.Infact,ananalysisofthebrainactivityofmorethan1,000peoplerevealedthatnoonehasadominantsideofthebrain;everyoneusesthenetworksinboththeleftandtherightsides,andbothsidesofthebrainareintimatelyinvolvedincreativityandchange.7.Oneofthemythsresearchershavedisprovedwasthatso-called“right-brained”peoplearemorecreative,while“left-brained”peoplearemoreanalytical.(Para.10)•Words:disprove:vt.provesomethingisnottrue证明…是虚假的；驳倒e.g.Thereisanoverwhelmingabundanceofpracticalvidencedisprovingthistheory.•Translation:已被研究者证伪的一个错误观点是所谓的“右脑型”的人更有创作力，而“左脑型”的人则更长于分析。Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Textreading-KeysentencesReading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit311.Anotherdisprovedmythisthattheabilitytocreateontheflyisatalentonlycertainpeoplehave,andtheyhaveitfrombirth.Rather,researchfindsthatthebestimprovisersarethosewhohavehonedtheirskilloverhundredsofhoursofpractice.RexJung,aprofessorofneurosurgeryatTheUniversityofNewMexicowhostudiesaptitude,intelligence,andcreativity,explains,“Themoretimeyoudevotetodevelopingaskillset,themorerawmaterialyouhavetodrawonandtheeasieritistoimprovise.”Themorepaintingsyouhavedone,thefasteryoucanidentifywhichcolorswillmixwell.Themorejokesyouhavetold,theeasieritistoknowwhichpunchlineswilldrawthemostlaughs.8.Rather,researchfindsthatthebestimprovisersarethosewhohavehonedtheirskilloverhundredsofhoursofpractice..(Para.11)•Notes:Theword“rather”inthiscontextisusedtoprecedeanideathatisdifferentoroppositetoapreviousstatement.e.g.Thereisnoshortageofbasicskillsintheworkplace.Rather,theproblemispoormanagement.•Translation:确切地说，研究发现那些最好的即兴创作者通过数百小时的练习来磨练他们的技术。Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Textreading-KeysentencesReading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit312.Moreover,althoughitseemsalittlecounterintuitive,improvisationitselfisaskillthatyoucanimprovewithpractice.Ina2018studyatColumbiaUniversity,researchersshowedthatmusicianswhoregularlypracticedimprovisationwerebetteratitthanmusicianswhowereaccustomedtojustfollowingwhatwaswritten.9.Moreover,althoughitseemsalittlecounterintuitive,improvisationitselfisaskillthatyoucanimprovewithpractice.(Para.12)•Words:counterintuitive:a.contrarytowhatonewouldintuitivelyexpect反直觉的，与预期相反的e.g.Steeringayachtiscounter-intuitive—youpushthetillertheoppositewaytothewayyouwanttogo.Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Textreading-Keysentences•Grammar:Theprefix“counter-”asin“counterintuitive”means“theoppositeofsomething”(e.g.,“counterproductive,”whichmeans“producingresultsoppositetowhatyouwanted.”)Itcanalsomean“doneorgivenasareactiontosomething,especiallytoopposeit”(e.g.,“counter-argument,”“counter-attack,”etc.)Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Textreading-KeysentencesReading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit313.Sciencehasalsodemonstratedthatimprovisationalcreativityisnotexclusivetothearts.Limbsaysthatthe“ideaofrespondingtosomethingthatwedidn’tanticipatehappeningisafundamentalattributeofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Humansarehard-wiredtocreate.”ThecreativebrainstatethatLimbhasdocumentedinmusicians,comedians,andartistsissimilartothatofathletes“inthezone”whoturnofftheself-monitoringpartoftheirbrainsandusetheirinstinctsinanuninhibitedwaytodecidewhichshotstotake.Thismindsetisalsowhatweemployindailylifetodealwiththeunexpected.Facedwithadelayedsubwaytrain,forinstance,wemightdecidetowalkortakethebus.Or,realizingthatwe’reoutoflemonswhilecooking,wemightsubstitutealime—orsomethingelse.10.ThecreativebrainstatethatLimbhasdocumentedinmusicians,comedians,andartistsissimilartothatofathletes“inthezone”...(Para.13)•Words:document:

v.

1)towriteaboutsomething,filmit,ortakephotographsofit,inordertorecordinformationaboutit（通过文字、电影或照片来）记录，记载e.g.Hisresearchdocumentshowthecrisisoccurred.Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Textreading-Keysentences2)tosupportanopinion,argumentetcwithrecordedfacts用文献支持（证明）e.g.Itiswelldocumentedthatmendieyoungerthanwomen.Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3•Translation:利姆所记录的乐手、喜剧演员和艺术家的创造性大脑状态与“处于良好状态”的远动员的大脑状态不无相似之处。•Practice:这种疾病的起因已有完备的记载。Causesofthediseasehavebeenwelldocumented.Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit314.“Everyoneiscreative;it’sjustamatterofdegree,”saysJung.“Wehavethisprototypicalideaofartisticcreativity,butwearecreativeinourrelationships,ourwork,ourcooking,orevenarrangingourhomesinadifferentway.”15.Totrainyourbraintothinkcreatively,then,lookforwaystoimproviseinyourdailylife.ImprovcomedianAnthonyVenezialepracticesthiswithhisdaughterbygivinghera“yes”day.Foroneday,aslongasshedoesn’thurtanyone,theywilldoanythingshewants:Haveicecreamforbreakfast,buildasandcastleinwinter,orgobug-huntinginalocalpark.Thissortofexerciseisjustasimportanttoyourhealthasthephysicalkind.Limbnotesthat“thecreativebrainisagenerallymoreactivatedbrainthananoncreativeone”—andanactivatedbrainisgenerallybetterabletowardoffforgetfulness,absent-mindedness,andevendementia.Reading2TextexplorationBackgroundinformationPre-readingquestionsVocabulary

StructureTextreadingReading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit31.entwine

v.

Vocabulary1)(be~d[withsth.])becloselyconnectedwithsth.inacomplicatedway（与某事物）紧密联系在一起e.g.Talesofdaringadventuresandgreatdeedsareentwinedwithideasofheroism.2)twisttwothingstogetherorwindonething

aroundanother（使）交错；（使）缠绕e.g.Thepicturecapturesdancersinatender,entwined

embrace,embodyingstrengthandelegance.Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3•Practice:①他们挽着胳膊一起走。Theywalkedtogetherwiththeirarmsentwined.②几世纪来，竹笛已与他们生活紧密联系在一起。Overthecenturies,thebambooflutebecamedeeplyentwinedintheirlife.Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit32.cognizant

adj.(notbeforenoun)(fml.)ifsb.iscognizantofsth.,theyknowaboutitandunderstandit知道的，认识到的，了解的e.g.Weshouldbecognizantofthefactthateachcomplaintoffersusanopportunitytoimproveourservices.•Practice:他认识到了此案的种种怪异之处。Hewascognizantofthepeculiaritiesofthecase.Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit33.shackle

n.(~s)[pl.]•Practice:他们终于摆脱了坏习惯的枷锁。Theyfinallymanagedtothrowofftheshacklesofbadhabits.1)sth.thatpreventsyoufromdoingwhatyouwant

todo枷锁；桎梏e.g.Theseprogramsweredesignedtoremovetheshacklessothateverychildcouldreachthestartinglineonanequalfooting.2)apairofmetalringsconnectedbyachainandfastenedtoaperson’swristsorthebottomoftheirlegstopreventthemfromescaping镣铐e.g.HereleasedtheheavymetalshacklesthatboundBilly’shands,settinghimfree.Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit34.memorize

vt.learnwords,music,etc.sothatyouknowthemperfectly记住；熟记e.g.Glanceatthesentences,memorizethenextfewphrases,andlookattheaudiencewhileyouarespeaking.memorization

n.theactorprocessoflearningsth.sothatyouwillrememberitexactly记住e.g.RepetitionandmemorizationarenotthemosteffectivelearningstrategiesReading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3•Practice:Useproperderivativesofmemorytofillintheblanks.Thehospitalwasbuiltasa__________tothelateking.Hestudiedhismap,tryingto______________thewaytoRose'sstreet.Shesetupacharitablefundinherfather’s______________.Hepointsoutthatreportingisaboutinvestigationratherthanthe______________ofminutedetails.memorialmemorizememorymemorizationReading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit35.improvisev.1)inventmusic,thewordsinaplay,astatement,etc.whileyouareplayingorspeaking,insteadofplanningitinadvance即兴创作（音乐、台词、演讲词等）e.g.Duringcertainscenesoftheplaythereisn’tanyscriptandtheactorsjustimprovise.2)makeordosth.usingwhateverisavailable,usu.becauseyoudonothavewhatyoureallyneed临时拼凑；临时做e.g.Aswe’venotgotthepropermaterials,we’lljusthavetoimprovise.Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3①我认为说书人的艺术在于拿到故事后进行的即兴创作。Ithinkthattheartofastorytelleristotakethestoryandimproviseonit.②我们用木板和砖头临时搭了些架子。Weimprovisedsomeshelvesoutofplanksofwoodandbricks.•Practice:Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit36.inhibitionn.1)[U]amentalprocessimposingrestraintuponbehaviororanothermentalprocess(asadesire)抑制；压制e.g.Consciousinhibitionofdesiresisapervasivefeatureofeverydaylifeandmaybearequirementoflifeinacivilized,culturalsociety.2)[C,U]ashyornervousfeelingthatstopsyoufromexpressingyourrealthoughtsorfeelings

拘谨；拘束感e.g.Ithinkhemusthavebeenheldbackbyfearsandsomekindofinhibition.•Practice:她毫不顾忌地说出自己的感觉。Shehadnoinhibitionsaboutsayingwhatshefelt.Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit37.deactivatevt.

•Practice:你要输入一个密码来关闭警报。Youneedtotypeinacodenumbertodeactivatethealarm.e.g.Almostallpeopleareatgreaterriskiftheydeactivateanairbag.switchsth.off,esp.apieceofequipment,orstopit

frombeingusedanymore

关闭；使无效Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit3Thede-prefixisoneofthecommonlyusednegativeprefixesinEnglish.Itismostlyplacedbeforeaverboractionwordandsignifiesthemeaningof“down,”“off,”or“away.”•Practice:TranslatethefollowingwordsintoChinese.EnglishChineseEnglishChinesederaildevaluationdefamedeceleratedecolonizedecentralizedegradedethrone（使）脱轨，出轨诽谤，中伤使非殖民（地）化贬低；使恶化贬值减速（使）分散废黜Reading2Textexploration新编大学英语（第四版）

综合教程Unit38.honevt.

•Practice:龙头公司会在磨砺高层管理人员的技能上付出时间和金钱。Leadingcompaniesspendtimeandmoneyonhoningtheskillsofseniormanagers.e.g.Thecourseisspecificallydesignedtohonestudents’skillstoaprofessionallevel.improveyourskillatdoingsth.,esp.wheny