初中定语从句讲解

初中定语从句总结

一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句

子，汉语中常用'……的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以

由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。

如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.

2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.

上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when>why

关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

(l)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.

2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.

3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)

(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)

4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)

(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)

5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.

whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?

=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?

注：that用法

⑴不用that的情况

(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.

(b)介词后不能用。

Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.

Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.

(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

(a)在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which。

(b)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时，只用that,不用which。

(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时，只用thato

(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。.

(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。

(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时.

(g)为了避免重复.

(h)先行词是theway或thereason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略

(i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时

举例：

Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?

这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？

Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished.

谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.

Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.

所需的只是供油问题。

Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

三、关系副词引导定语从句

关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语

关系副词=介词+关系代词

why=forwhich

where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)

when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)

1.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。

(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.

(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

2.when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用

(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.

(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.

［注］表示时间“time”一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。

BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.

到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。

IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。

Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。

每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。

3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语

(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.

(2)Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.

注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,

(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.

注：1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。

2)that前不能有介词。

3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。

ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.

ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.

Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?

Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?

Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.

Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.

四、关系代词和冠词副词引导的从句有什么区别？

关键点：

1、关系副词在从句中是做状语，记住，只做状语，不能做其他的成分。

2、关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。

如：thereasonwhyherefusedtheinvitationisclear.=Thereasonforwhichherefusedtheinvitationisclear.

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecitywhereIwasborn.=TreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhichIwasborn.

Thetimewhenwegottegetherfinallycame.=Thetimeinwhichwegottogetherfinallycame.

样板题一：

1>Hehasforgottenthedayhearrived.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which

解题思路：此题中，从句是hearrived,它已经是一个完整的句子，因此，这里要填一个在从句中充当状语的成分，C选项和D选项都不能

做在从句中作状语，因此排除掉，theday指的是时间，因此，要填上表示时间的关系副词when。

练习题：

1、Themoonisaworldthereisnolife.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why

2、Nobodyknowsthereasonshedidn'tcometothemeeting.

A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when

3.ThisistheplaceIhaveevervisited.

A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which

4.Hestillremembersthedayshespentwithyourfamily.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich

5.Hegottothevillagehisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

6.ThisisthehouseIwanttobuy.

A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where

7.ThisisthehouseourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

8.Hedidn'ttellmetheplacehewasborn.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.Where

样板题二：用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句

Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.

解题思路：所谓定语从句，就是把两句话压缩成一句话，而且，这两句话肯定辉提到同一个东西，因此，首先要找两句话都提到了的东西,

此题中，两句话都提到了同一个东西—一个人(theboy,he)这就是共同点，人我们是用who或whom表示，两句话都是做主语，因此，

只能用在从句中作主语的who,不能在从句中做宾语的whom,因此，答案是：Theboywhowashereaminuteagoismyyoungerbrother.

练习题：

1.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.

2.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.

3.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.

4.Themanwavedtous.Themanwasmyuncle.

样板题三：用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句

Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.

解题思路：还是找两句话都提到了的那个共同点，是thehall(it),在第二句话中init是做定点状语，因此可以用where代替，因此，答案是:

Thisisthehallwherewelistenedtothereporttheotherday.=Thisisthehallinwhichwelistenedtothereporttheotherday.

练习题：

1、BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.

2、Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.

3、Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.

4、Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.

用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空

1.Thehouseweliveinisverybig.

2.Theboyiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.

3.Thisisthepresenthegavemeformybirthday.

4.Themantalkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.

5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolshehadvisited.

7.Shewearsagoldring,isveryuncommoninourclass.

8.Wevisitedafactorymakestoysforchildren.

9.Isthistheplaceyourfatheroncelived?

10.rilneverforgetthedaysIjoinedtheLeague.

五、只用that的情况:

1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：

(1)先行词是nothing,everything,anything,everything,all,few,little,some等不定代词时。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.

(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,little,few,much,thesame,thelast等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.

(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.

(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词：Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.

(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.

(6)当先行词前面有who,which等词时：Whoisthemanthatissittingthere?

Whichisthecoatthatfitsmemost?

练习题：

1.Thereisnothingintheworldcanfrightenhim.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.who

六、只能用which,不用that的情况：

(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：

Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.

(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：

Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.

练习题：

1.Helivedinasmallvillage,wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when

练习（一）

请分析一下定语从句：（请划出定语从句，并标出先行词）

1.CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.

2.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.

3.Youcouldn'tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.

4.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.

5.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn'tlike.

6.Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?

8.HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.

9.MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.

10.Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?

12.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.

13.Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.

14.Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.

15.AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.

二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who>whom、whose

1.Thisisthemanwantstoseeyou.

2.ThestudentansweredthequestionisZhangHua.

3.Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.

4.Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.

5.Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.

6.Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.

7.Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.

8.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.

9.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.

10.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.

11.Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.

12.Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.

13.Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.

14.Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.

15.Thebook____________isonthetableismine.

16.Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.

17.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.

18.Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?

19.Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.

20.Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.

三、单项选择

()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.

A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose

)2.What'sthenameoftheprogram.

A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening

)3.Thestudentswereallinterestedyoutoldthemyesterday.

A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything

)4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisofficewasinvited.

A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which

)5.Thisisthemuseumwevisitedlastyear.

A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat

)6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who

)7.Doyouknowthestudent?

A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk

)8.1likethehousewindowsfacesouth.

A.whoseB.who'sC.it'sD.its

)9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary?

A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit

)10.TheyoungwomanIspokejustnowisayoungdoctor.

A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that

练习（二）

1.Don'ttalkaboutsuchthingsofyouarenotsure.

A.whichB.whatC.asD.those

5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplacescouldn'tbefound.

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat

6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperaturewaterchangesintoice.

A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat

7.Thisbookwillshowyoucanbeusedinothercontexts..

A.howyouhaveobservedB.whatyouhaveobservedC.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved

8.Thereasonisheisunabletooperatethemachine.

A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether

9.Tiltellyouhetoldmelastweek.

A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which

10.Thattree,branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.

A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich

11.1haveboughtthesamedresssheiswearing.

A.asB.thatC.whichD.what

12.Hefailedintheexamination,madehisfatherveryangry.

A.whichB.itC.thatD.what

13.We'retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistwereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.

A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that

14.ThegirlanEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom'ssister.

A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging

15.Thosenotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.

A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn

16.Anyonethisopinionmayspeakout.

A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst

17.Didn'tyouseetheman?

A.InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnowC.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow

18.Canyoulendmethenoveltheotherday?

A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout

19.Isthereanythingtoyou?

A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelo