人教版九年级英语Unit3知识点梳理及语法讲义（学生版）

九年级英语Unit3知识点与语法精讲精练词汇梳理词汇梳理完成单词梳理：名词：1.书店2.（美）洗手间3.邮票；印章4.明信片5.洗手间6.浴室；洗手间7.职工8.葡萄9.商场；购物中心10.职员11.拐角；角落12.方向；方位13.住址；地址14.课程；学科15.发言者动词：1.建议；提议代词：1.谁；什么人副词：1.通常；正常情况下2.礼貌地；客气地介词：1.在……旁边；在……附近形容词：1.中心的；中央的2.迷人的；极有吸引力的3.不昂贵的4.不拥挤的；人少的5.便利的；方便的6.正确的；恰当的7.有礼貌的；客气的8.直接的；直率的9.不礼貌的；粗鲁的兼类词：1.（v）原谅（interj）请再说一遍2.（n/v）仓促；急促3.（adj）附近的；邻近的（adv）在附近；附近4.（v）邮寄；发电子邮件（n）邮件；信件5.（adj）东方的；东部的（adv）向东；朝东（n）东；东方6.（n/v）要求；请求7.（adj）地下的（n）地铁8.（adj）意大利（人）的（n）意大利人；意大利语(二)词汇变形小结：1.normal(adj.正常的)—(adv.通常；正常情况下)2.suggest(v.建议；提议)—(n.建议)3.center(n.中心)—(adj.中心的；中央的)4.east(n.东；东方)—(adj.东方的)5.expensive(adj.昂贵的)—()6.crowd(n.人群)—(adj.拥挤的)—(adj.不拥挤的)7.convenient(adj.便利的；方便的)—（反义词：不方便的）—(n.方便)polite(adj.礼貌的)—(反义词：不礼貌的)—(adv.礼貌地)—(反义词：不礼貌地)9.direct(adj.直接的；直率的)—(反义词：间接的)—(adv.直接地)direct（v.指路；导演）—(n.方向)—(n.导演)10.correct(adj.正确的)—(反义词：不正确的)—(adv.正确地)11.speak（v.说）—(n.发言者)12.whom（pron.谁，宾格）—(主格)—(pron.谁的)13.Italy(n.意大利)—(adj.意大利的)【练一练】用所给词的适当形式填空Thebusistoo__________(crowd).Let’stakethenextone.Canyoudrawthe___________(direct)fromyourschooltoyourhome?Ifweseesomeonebreakingtherules,wemay__________(polite)givethemsomesuggestions.It’smore__________(convenience)totakethesubwaytothestationthanwalk.Thesupermarketisinthe___________(center)partofthecity.Itisnotenoughtojustaskaquestion____________(correct).Couldyoupleasegivemesome___________(suggest)aboutstudyingEnglish?Mycousinlikestocollect________inhissparetime.(stamp)Thereareonlytwo________(postman)inthepostofficenow.10.It’s__________(polite)tostareatanyoneortotalkloudlyinpublic.(三)短语攻关：抱歉；对不起；请再说一遍 一双/ 路过；经过 沿着……走 快点儿；加油 走向 停车场 在那时 建议做某事在某人去…的路上 在某人的右边 彼此；相互 导入；引入 与……交流 首次 对某人说 购物中心准时；按时 盼望做某事做某事很兴奋知识点梳理知识点梳理1.Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare?请问你能告诉我洗手间在哪里吗?【用法详解】Couldyouplease...?该句型意为“请你……好吗？”，用于礼貌地提出请求，please后接动词原形。Eg.—Jim,couldyoupleaseanswerthequestion?吉姆，请你回答这个问题好吗？—Sorry,Iwasn’tlistening.Couldyousayitagain?抱歉，我（当时）没在听，你能再说一遍吗？【即学即用】1.Couldyouplease_____________TVnow?I'mstudyingformytest.A.notwatch ’twatch ’twatch2.—Couldyoupleasetellme?

—Sure.Gotothethirdfloor,please.A.whichpostcardsIshouldtakeB.whatkindofpostcardsyouhaveC.whenIshouldpayforthepostcardsD.whereIcangetsomepostcards2.Sure,justgoalongMainStreetuntilyoupassCenterStreet.当然，就沿着主大街走，直到你经过中心大街。【用法详解】（1）goalong为动词短语，是指路的常用表达。其同义短语有godown,walkalong/down等。Eg.Godownthestreetandyoucanfindtheshop.沿街前行，你会找到那家商店的。（2）until作连词，意为“直到”，引导时间状语从句，用于否定句中时，常构成“not...until...”结构，意为“”，表示主句的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生，此时主句的谓语动词通常为非延续性动词。Eg.Shewon’tleaveuntiltherainstops.直到雨停她才会走。（3）pass作动词，意为“经过；通过”，过去式为.【拓展延伸】pass的常用含义：①传递；递passsbsth=passsthtosb把某物递给某人②（时间）过去；流逝eg.Thedayspassedslowly.日子慢慢地过去。③考试及格；通过（考试）eg.IwashappythatIpassedtheentranceexam.我很高兴，因为我通过了入学考试。【即学即用】1.Wedidn’tcutthecakeAmymadeawish. B.until 2.—Jim,let’sgoouttoplaybasketball.—Oh,Iwon’tdothatIfinishmyhomework.A.if B.until C.because 3.Thebookstoreisonyourright,besidethebank.书店就在你的右手边，在银行的旁边。【易混辨析】beside与besidesbesidebesidesbesidebesides介词，意为“除……之外”介词，意为“在……旁边”相当于nexttobesidesexcept除……之外（包括在内）除……之外（不包括在内）►WecanlearnEnglishatschoolbesidesChineseandmath.→（语文和数学）包括在学习的语言之内。►WeallpassedtheexamexceptTom.→（汤姆）不包括在通过考试的学生之内。【即学即用】1.Inthepicture,hesitsme,lookingveryhappy.A.besideB.amongC.upD.besides2.IwanttolearnotherlanguagesChineseandEnglish.A.exceptB.betweenC.besidesD.across4.Gopastthebookstore.经过书店。【用法详解】gopast相当于pass（by），其中past为介词，意为“经过”。【拓展延伸】’shalfpastten.现在10点半。【易混辨析】重点：past,across,through与overpast超过；从……旁边经过表示时间上的“超过”或空间上的“经过”Themaniswalkingpastashop.over从……上方跨越而过从物体上方跨过或越过Thereisabridgeovertheriver.across横穿；越过从物体表面横过Thelittleboyiswalkingacrosstheroad.through穿过；越过从物体内部穿过Hecangothroughtheforestbyhimself.【图解助记】【即学即用】It’sgettingdark,soweshouldgo______theforestassoonaspossible.A.acrossB.crossC.throughD.crossing5.Pardon?什么？【用法详解】pardonme的用法：1.打扰别人时，意为“劳驾；打扰一下”，相当于.Eg.Pardonme,isthisyourhandbag?打扰一下，这是你的手提包吗？2.没听清对方的话，希望对方重复一遍时，意为“什么?请再说一遍”，相当于Pardon?=Ibegyourpardon?Eg.Pardonme.Icouldn’thearitclearly.请再说一遍，我没能听清楚。3.对自己的过错、失礼等表示歉意时，意为“对不起”Eg.Oh,pardonme,Ididn’tmeantointerruptyou.哦，对不起，我不是有意要打断你的话。【即学即用】—Willyoupleasesayitagain?

—Sure.Isaidthattheyweregoingshopping.A.Pardon?B.Don’tmentionit.C.Nevermind.D.I’msorry.6.IsuggestWaterCityRestaurantinWaterWorld.我建议去水世界的水城餐厅。【用法详解】suggest作动词，意为“建议，提议”，其名词形式为（可数名词），同义词advice为不可数名词。ssuggest（v）advise（v）建议做某事建议某人做某事【翻译句子】.他们建议尝试新事物并练习对话。【即学即用】1.Wewillbefreetomorrow,soIsuggestthehistorymuseum.A.tovisit B.visiting C.visited 2.Mr.Liclimbingthemountainsthisweekendbecauseoftheniceweather.A.suggests 3.Headvised________shopping.

A.going

B.went

C.goes

D.togo4.Thankyouforyour_________(suggest).I’msuretheywillbeusefultomyEnglishstudy.7.OntheirwaytoWaterCityRestaurant,AliceandHeWeipassbyUncleBob’s.在他们去水城餐厅的路上，艾丽斯和何伟经过鲍勃叔叔的餐馆。【用法详解】onone’swayto...表示“在某人去……的路上”，to后接地点名词，后接地点副词（here/there/home）时，要省略介词toEg.YesterdayImetafriendofmineonmywaytoschool.昨天我在去学校的路上遇到了我的一个朋友。Eg.Shesawanaccidentonherwayhome.她在回家的路上看到了一起事故。【拓展延伸】和way有关的其他短语： bythewaybytheway inawayinthisway intheway 【即学即用】1.Ienjoytalkingwithmyclassmates_______ourwaytoschool.A.on B.at C.in D.under2.—Wouldyoupleaseshowmetheway________thebank?

—Yes,gostraightahead.It’soppositeaschool.

A.in

B.for

C.with

D.to8.Thesearesimilarrequestsfordirections.这些是相似的问路请求。【用法详解】（1）request在此处作名词，意为“要求；请求”。多指比较正式的请求，其后接介词for，引出请求的具体内容。request还可作动词，意为“要求；请求”重点：requestsb（not）todosth要求某人（不要）做某事【拓展延伸】要求某人（不要）做某事的另一种表达：asksb（not）todosth【即学即用】1.Peterrequestedme________tolistentohim.A.stopped B.stopping C.stop D.tostop2.Theparentsrequesttheirson______tohelpothers.A.learn B.tolearn C.learning D.cleaned9.Sometimesweevenneedtospendtimeleadingintoarequest.有时候，我们甚至需要花时间来引出一个请求。【用法详解】spendtime（in）doingsth花费时间做某事（in通常被省略）Eg.Mybrotherspendstwodaysmakingthemodel.我哥哥花费两天时间做这个飞机模型。【易混辨析】重点：英语中的“四大金花”（pay,cost,spend与take）单词用法结构pay花钱，主语是人某人花多少钱买某物cost花钱，主语是物某物花了某人多少钱spend花钱/时间，主语是人某人在某物上花费时间/金钱某人花费多少时间/金钱做某事take花时间，it作形式主语做某事花费某人多长时间►Ispent100yuanonthepresent.我花了100元买这件礼物。►Ittookme20minutestogettoschool.我花了20分钟到达学校。►Wepaid150yuanforthemeal.这顿饭我们花了150元。►Theschoolbagcostme50yuan.这个书包花了我50元。【即学即用】1.RoyworksinLondon.Ithimabouthalfanhourtogettoworkbybuseveryday.A.costs B.spends 2.—Doyouoftenreadbooks?—Yes.Imostofmytimeonit.It’sagoodwaytorelaxmyself.A.cost B.spend C.pay 10.Itmightseemmoredifficulttospeakpolitelythandirectly.看起来礼貌地说话比直截了当更困难。【句式剖析】Itseems+adj+todosth句型Itmightseemmoredifficulttospeakpolitelythandirectly.【用法详解】seem的常见用法：（1）seem（tobe）+n/adj似乎……；好像……（2）seemlike+n“似乎……”（3）seemtodosth.“似乎做某事”（4）Itseems/seemedthat+句子“看来好像/似乎……”【即学即用】—Therearedarkclouds,andthewindisblowinghard.—It________thatatyphoon(台风)ising.A.feels B.sounds C.seems D.looks11.I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.我期盼你的回复。【用法详解】lookforwardto中to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。Eg.Wealllookforwardtoseeingyouagainsoon.我们都期待能够尽快再次见到您。【拓展延伸】重点：中考英语中的“三个todoing”：lookforwardto期盼lookforwardto期盼……payattentionto注意……beusedto习惯于……to为介词，后接doing【即学即用】1.Whenyoucrosstheroad,youmustpayattentionto________(watch)bothsidesoftheroad.2.—Doyouhaveanyplansfortheholiday?—Yes.I’mplanningtotraveltoJiuzhaigou.I’mlookingforwardtothecolourfullakesandamazingwaterfalls.课堂小测一、单项选择1.—Ittakesmehalfanhourplayingthepiano.Howaboutyou?—Iusuallyspend20minutesit.A.practicing;on B.topractice;inC.topractice;on D.practicing;in2.—Openthewindowplease,Mike.—?Ididn’thearwhatyousaid.A.Why B.Really C.Pardon 3.—Lucy,youcan’tusethephonewearefarfromthegas（天然气）station.—OK,Iwon’tdothatagain.A.after B.when C.though 4.—Nancy,whatwasyourteacher’sadviceyesterday?—HesuggestedmybesttousewhatIhavehelpedmyclassmates.A.totry B.trying C.try ’snecessaryforustolearnhowtoaskforhelp.Nobodywillhelpouifyouarerude.A.quietly B.slowly C.quickly 6.MyfavouriteTVprogramisTheReader;Ithinkweshouldspendasmuchtimeaswecaninoursparetime.A.read B.toread 7.Itisformetogoshopping.Thereisanewsupermarketnearmyhome.8.—Excuseme,wherecanIbuysome?

—Inthepostofficeoverthere.9.Inthepast,peoplewiththeirfriendsbywritingletters,butnowpeopleuseQQorWeChat.Apare Bmunicate C.punish 10.WhenIthepostoffice,Ioftenseepeopletherearebusyworking.A.passby B.setup C.lookfor D.puton11.—Couldyougivemeafewonhowtospendtheingsummerholiday?—OK.Letmesee.A.hobbies B.knowledgeC.suggestions 12.—Whatisyourhobby？—__________playingchess，Ialsolikecollectingstamps．13.—Idon’tknowhowtogettotherestaurant,couldyougivemea,please?—Well,goalongtheMainStreetandturnright.A.walk C.postcard D.direction14.—Whatdoyouthinkofthenovel?—It’s.Ijustcan’tputitdown.A.boring B.understanding C.fascinating 15.Onmywayschool,Igoafruitshopeveryday.A.to;pass B.to;past C.in;pass D.of;past二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Thedoctorsuggests(spend)moretimewithourfamily.2.Idon’tknowthisnewword.Canyoutellmehowtopronounceit(correct)?3.Itis(polite)tokeepotherswaitinginmanywesterncountries.4.Thebiggestshoppingmallisinthe(centre)areaofthecity.5.Thewoodenhouseisinthe(east)sideoftheisland.6.YangLingspendsaboutonehour(clean)herbedroomeveryday.7.EverymorningI(normal)gointothebathroomtotakeashower.8.Ourmanagergreeted（问候）theguests___________(polite)withasmileattheentrance.9.Manypairsofshorts___________(be)inthatboxnow.10.Hemadea(suggest)thatweshouldallgoforapicnic.完形填空Lastyear,wetookatriptoNewYorkCity.Whenwearrivedatour(1),itwasaround2a.m.Myson,Joseph,lookedoutatthelightsofTimesSquareandsaidhewantedtogo(2).Itoldhimitwastoo(3)togoout,buthekeptlookingoutofthewindowandsaid,“Justfortwominutes.”MywifeandIjustlookedateachother,smiledandsaid,“Twominutes.”WegotdressedandwalkedintothecenterofTimesSquare.(4)wegotthere,mysonpointedatthelightsandsaid,“Dad,(5)!”Andthenhestartedtofallasleep.Sowehadgobacktothehotel.Ittookus20minutesto(6)forthe20secondswespentoutside,butitmadeourson(7)andthatmeantalottous.Thatnight,Ilearnedalessonabouthappiness.Wesometimeshavechancesto(8)happymomentsinourlives,butweoftenfinda(n)(9)todosomethingelse.Becauseofmyson,IlearnedthatIamthebiggestenemyofmyownhappiness.(10)happinessisadoorthatisalwaysopen,wearetheoneswhohavetodecideifwearegoingtowalkthroughthedoor.（）1.A.restaurant B.bank C.supermarket D.hotel（）2.A.inside B.outside C.back D.home（）3.A.hot B.early C.late D.cold（）4.A.If B.Unless C.Because D.When（）5.A.listen B.touch C.look D.smile（）6.A.makerules B.getready C.dosports D.havedinner（）7.A.sad B.happy C.bored D.patient（）8.A.create B.forget C.waste D.avoid（）9.A.place B.book C.excuse D.order（）10.A.Although B.But C.Because D.Until语法精讲语法精讲一、疑问词引导的宾语从句一、语法概述当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，疑问词就是宾语从句的引导词。这时的引导词分为连接代词和连接副词，他们都在从句中作一定成分，不可省略。二、连接词的含义及作用词类在句中的功能词汇含义连接代词除在句中起连接作用外，还可在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语who谁（主格）whom谁（宾格）whose谁的what什么which哪一个连接副词除在句中起连接作用外，还可在宾语从句中作状语when什么时候where在哪里how怎样；如何why为什么►Doyouknowwhoistalkingwithyourmother?你知道谁在和你妈妈说话吗？（who在从句中作宾语）►Couldyoutellmewhomyouspoketojustnow?你能告诉我你刚才在和谁说话吗？（whom在从句中作宾语）►Sheaskedwhosehairbandthatwas.她问那是谁的发带。（whose在从句中作定语）►Doyouknowwhenhewasborn?你知道他何时出生的吗？（when在从句中作状语）三、语序的变化在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句要用陈述语序（主语+谓语）。因此当特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，一定要注意语序。【练一练】把下列句子变为宾语从句1.“Wheredidhegolastmonth?”Sheasked.→.2.“Whenwillwestart?”Iwonder.→.【注意】当疑问代词what/who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身即是陈述语序，所以转变成宾语从句后无需再调整语序。Eg.“What’swrongwiththeTV?”Tomasks.→Tomaskswhat’swrongwiththeTV.“Whowateredtheflowers?”Theteacherwondered.→Theteacherwonderedwhowateredtheflowers.三、宾语从句中“疑问词+动词不定式todo结构”在含有疑问词引导的宾语从句的主从复合句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语或宾语一致，则宾语从句可以转化为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。►IwanttoknowhowIgetthere.→Iwanttoknowhowtogetthere.我想知道怎样去那里。语法小测1.—Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellme?—Atnineo’clock.A.whereyouhaveyourartlesson B.wheredoyouhaveyourartlessonC.whattimeyouhaveyourartlesson D.whattimedoyouhaveyourartlesson2.—Doyouknow____________?—At9:00tomorrowmorning.A.whenthevideomeetingbeganB.when