Unit+2+Making+a+difference+Starting+out+Understanding+ideas+词汇高中英语外研版（2019）必修第三册

Unit

2

Making

a

differenceStarting

out

&

Understanding

ideas1.

contribution

n.贡献；促成作用；捐赠

＊contribute

v.捐献；捐赠；捐助；贡献；促成；导致；投稿（P13）the

contribution

these

people

made

to

society这些人对社会的贡献拓展make

contributions/a

contribution

to/towards

（doing）...

对……做出贡献/起作用contribute...to...

（向……）捐赠;投稿contribute

to

促成;导致;有助于;是……的原因佳句Different

teachers

make

different

contributions

to

a

student's

growth.

不同的教师在学生的成长过程中起到不同的作用。These

measures

would

make

a

valuable

contribution

towards

reducing

industrial

accidents.

这些措施将会对减少工业事故起重要的作用。点拨contribute

to和make

contributions/a

contribution

to中的to都为介词,后面要接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。Ⅰ.单句填空（1）These

contribute

to________（build）

up

our

confidence

and________（help）

us

meet

bigger

challenges

in

the

future.buildinghelping（2）Many

factors

contributed___

the

decline,

said

Patrick

McIntyre,

an

ecologist

who

was

the

lead

author

of

the

study.to（3）Participating

in

the

contest

will

be

a

golden

chance

for

me

to

show

my

dancing

skills

and

make

some____________

（contribute）

to

the

class.contributionsⅡ.一句多译作为一名高中生，我倡议我们应该为社会多做些贡献。（4）As

a

senior

high

school

student，I

make

the

proposal

that

we

should

________________________.（contribute）contribute

a

lot

to

society（5）As

a

senior

high

school

student，I

make

the

proposal

that

we

should

_________________________________.（contribution）make

a

great

contribution

to

society2.

relief

n.轻松；宽慰；（痛苦、焦虑等的）减轻；救济

＊relieve

vt.使轻松；减轻；缓解（P13）The

amount

of

relief

and

comfort

experienced

by

the

sick

after

the

skin

has

been

carefully

washed

and

dried,is

one

of

the

commonest

observations

made

at

a

sick

bed.患者的皮肤在得到仔细清洗和擦拭后,患者感受到的缓解和舒适程度是临床最常见的要观察的事情之一。拓展in/with

relief

如释重负;松了口气to

one's

relief

令某人感到欣慰的是It's

a

relief

to

do

sth.

做某事是令人欣慰的。What

a

relief!

可轻松了!relieve

sb

of...

帮助某人减轻……负担佳句I

smiled

with

relief

after

I

heard

I

had

passed

the

examination.听到我已经通过了考试，我轻松地笑了。单句填空（1）It

was

___relief

to

see

my

support

team

at

the

end

of

the

road.a（2）My

assistant

relieved

me

___all

the

paperwork.of（3）The

passengers

all

sighed

_____relief

when

the

plane

finally

landed

safely.with3.

effective

adj.有效的；产生预期效果的

＊effect

n.影响；结果；效应

＊effectively

adj.有效地；实际上；事实上（P14）

Now

tick

the

solutions

that

you

think

are

most

effective

to

supply

Africa

with

fresh

water.现在,在你认为能最有效地为非洲提供淡水的解决方案上打钩。拓展be

effective

in（doing）sth在（做）某事方面有效用have

an

effect

on/upon对……有影响in

effect实际上；事实上come

into

effect生效；开始实施bring/put

sth

into

effect使生效；实行；实施take

effect开始起作用；见效佳句The

government

will

take

some

effective

measures

to

deal

with

it.政府会采取一些有效的措施来处理它。单句写作（1）The

recommendations

will

soon_________________.这些建议即将付诸实施。be

put

into

effect（2）To

some

extent,

the

measures

the

government

has

taken

_____________________________the

remote

villages.在某种程度上，政府采取的这项措施已经对那些偏远的山村产生了极大的影响。have

had

a

great

effect

on/upon（3）Knowing

basic

first-aid

skills,

according

to

the

expert,

will

help

people

____________________emergencies.根据专家的观点，了解急救基本技能将帮助人们对紧急情况做出有效反应。respond

effectively

to4.

shortage

n.短缺；不足；缺乏

＊short

adj.短的；不足的；矮的（P14）Read

the

passage

and

find

out

what

Ryan

did

to

help

solve

the

problem

of

water

shortage

in

Africa.阅读这篇文章，了解瑞安为帮助解决非洲缺水问题所做的事情。拓展a

shortage

of

缺少；短缺There

is

no

shortage

of

...不缺……be

short

of

缺少be

short

for

是……的缩写in

short

简言之佳句If

there

is

a

shortage

of

any

product，the

price

of

that

product

will

go

up.如果缺少任何一种产品，那么那种产品的价格就会上涨。There

are

many

reasons,

but

the

most

important

one

is

short

of

system

thinking．其中的原因有很多，关键在于缺乏系统思考。单句填空（1）She

is

not

short

___,

excuses

when

things

go

wrong.of（2）The

UN

is

short____

the

United

Nations.for（3）The

________（short）

of

supplies

is

keeping

up

the

price.shortage（4）Try

tennis，badminton

or

windsurfing.___short，anything

is

challenging.In5.

earn

v.赚得；挣钱（P14）At

first,his

plan

was

to

earn

money

to

build

a

single

well

somewhere

in

Africa.

起初,他的计划是赚些钱在非洲某地打一口井。拓展earn

one's

living=make

one's

living

谋生earn

a

fortune

赚大钱earn

sb

sth

为某人赢得某物earn

sb

reputation/admiration/praise为某人赢得赞誉/钦佩/赞扬佳句He's

trying

to

earn

money

for

a

trip

to

the

coastal

city

with

his

family.为了和家人去海滨城市旅行，他现在在努力挣钱。单句写作（1）His

achievements

__________________and

admiration.他的成就为他赢得别人的尊敬和赞美。earned

him

respect（2）When

a

young

man

starts

to______________,he

can

no

longer

expect

others

to

pay

for

his

food

and

clothing.当一个年轻人开始自己谋生的时候,他不可能再指望别人为他的衣食买单。earn

his

living6.

donate

v.捐赠

＊donation

n.捐赠；捐赠物

＊donator

n.捐赠者；赠送者（P15）He

started

to

ask

for

help

from

his

classmates

and

neighbours

and

persuaded

them

to

donate

money.他开始向同学和邻居求助，并说服他们捐款。拓展donate...to...

把……捐献给……charity

donation

慈善捐赠organ

donation

器官捐赠佳句An

anonymous

businesswoman

donated

one

million

dollars

to

the

charity.一位女商人匿名向该慈善机构捐赠了100万美元。All

donated

blood

is

tested

for

HIV

and

other

infections.

对所有捐献的血都要进行艾滋病病毒和其他传染病病毒检测。单句填空（1）After

the

earthquake

happened，many

actors

donated

much

money

___the

victims.to（2）To

help

more

people

in

India，the

IMA

Blood

Bank

has

also

developed

a

team

to

educate

the

public

about

blood_________（donate）．donation（3）Doctors

are

searching

a

blood________（donate）

for

the

patient

whose

blood

type

is

rare.donator7.

reality

n.真实；现实

＊real

adj.真实的

＊realize

v.理解；意识到；实现（目标、梦想等）（P15）This

insight

grew

from

the

determined

attitude

of

a

six-year-old

boy

who

had

the

courage

and

perseverance

to

make

his

dream

a

reality.

这个顿悟源于一个六岁男孩坚定的态度,他有勇气和毅力使他的梦想成为现实。拓展in

reality

实际上face

reality

面对现实be

out

of

touch

with

reality/be

divorced

from

reality

脱离现实turn

sth

into

a

reality

使某事成为现实real

estate

不动产；房地产realize

one's

dream

实现某人的梦想佳句Outwardly

she

seemed

confident

but

in

reality

she

felt

extremely

nervous.表面上看，她显得信心十足，而实际上她紧张得要命。Many

of

these

books

are

far

removed

from

the

reality

of

the

children's

lives.

很多这样的书都跟孩子们的现实生活严重脱节。单句写作（1）He

looked

very

confident

and

calm

during

the

test,

but

_________he

was

extremely

nervous.

考试时他看上去自信且冷静,事实上他非常紧张。in

reality（2）Her

childhood

ambition

________________when

she

was

made

a

judge.她被任命为法官，儿时的抱负终于成为现实。became

a

reality（3）He

seems

completely

divorced

____________.

他似乎完全脱离了现实。from

reality8.

find

out

了解；发现；找出（P14）Read

the

passage

and

find

out

what

Ryan

did

to

help

solve

the

problem

of

water

shortage

in

Africa.

阅读这篇文章,了解瑞安为帮助解决非洲缺水问题所做的事情。拓展find

out常构成以下句式:find

out+疑问词+动词不定式find

out+wh-从句佳句I

want

you

to

do

everything

you

can

to

find

out

who's

responsible.我要你尽你所能找出谁是罪魁祸首。Jackie

has

been

absent

from

school

for

two

days，and

we

want

to

find

out

why

he

didn't

come．杰克两天没上学了，我们想弄明白他没来的原因。点拨其他“动词+out”短语:pick

out

挑选出;辨认出give

out

分发;用尽find

out

查明;弄清楚break

out

突发;爆发burst

out

突发;大声喊出bring

out

出版;生产work

out

解决;锻炼hand

out

分发;拿出figure

out

算出;理解try

out

试用;试验

单句写作（1）I

want

you

to

___________________,

and

where

she

comes

from.我想让你弄清她是谁,从哪里来的。find

out

who

she

is（2）It

is

a

matter

of

the

utmost

urgency

____________________________to

these

people.当务之急是要弄清楚这些人出了什么事。to

find

out

what

has

happened（3）They

had

their

tablets

analysed

to

____________________________the

real

drug

or

not.

他们将药片拿去化验以查明他们得到的是不是真药。find

out

whether

they

had

got9.

give

up

放弃；停止；让出（P15）Two

thousand

dollars

was

a

lot

of

money,but

Ryan

didn't

give

up.2

000美元是一大笔钱,但瑞安没有放弃。拓展give

in

（to）

屈服（于）give

out

分发;用光;放出give

away

赠送;泄露佳句So

long

as

we

hold

fast

to

our

ideals

and

never

give

up，we

are

bound

to

achieve

success.只要我们坚持自己的梦想、永不放弃，我们一定会取得成功。One

of

the

men

with

him

gave

up

his

place

on

the

bench.

他的一个同伴让出了长椅上的位子。单句填空（1）Could

you

give

____the

papers

to

the

students

present,please?out（2）She

was

not

going

to

give____

her

hard-won

freedom

so

easily.up10.

turn

out

结果是；证明是；生产；制造；出席（P15）He

also

saw

hundreds

of

delighted

students

who

had

turned

out

to

welcome

him.他还看到数百名兴高采烈的学生出来欢迎他。拓展turn

down

拒绝;关小;调低turn

in

上交;提交；交付turn

up

出现;到场;开大turn

over

翻身;移交;换频道turn

off

关掉;使厌烦turn

to

转向;求助于佳句If

chosen,

Mr

Brown,

who

is

rich

in

experience,

will

turn

out

to

be

an

excellent

manager.

如果被选中,

经验丰富的布朗先生会成为一名优秀的经理。No

one

could

have

foreseen

（that）

things

would

turn

out

this

way.

谁都没能预料到事情的结果会这样。用适当的介词或副词填空（1）He

turned

___me

for

help,believing

that

I

could

lend

him

a

hand.to（2）The

light

is

a

bit

too

harsh（刺眼的）.

You

can

turn

it____.off（3）He

turned

______my

suggestion

and

turned

_____the

business

to

his

daughter.downover（4）Hurry

up,boys!I'm

waiting

for

you

to

turn

___your

homework.in（5）It

didn't

rain,which

turned

____to

be

a

stroke

of

luck.out11.

break

into

强行闯入；突然……起来（P15）He

broke

into

a

joyful

smile.

他突然开心地笑了起来。拓展break

down

出故障;垮掉break

up

拆散;分裂;分解;结束（婚姻关系等）break

in

强行进入;插嘴break

out

爆发;突然发生break

through

突破佳句点拨break

in和break

into都有“闯入”的意思。break

in为不及物动词短语,后面不跟宾语;break

into为及物动词短语,后面可以跟宾语。While

reading

a

storybook，the

young

girl

broke

into

a

smile.读故事书的时候，小女孩突然笑了起来。单句写作（1）The

elevators

in

this

building

are

always

______________.

这栋楼里的电梯总出故障。breaking

down（2）I'm

surprised

to

hear

that

Sue

and

Paul

_______________.听到苏和保罗已经分手了,我很吃惊。have

broken

up（3）She

longed

to

_________

on

their

conversation

but

didn't

want

to

appear

rude.

她很想打断他们的谈话,但又不愿显得粗鲁。break

in12.

have

trouble

（in）

doing

sth（P14）As

a

six-year-old

Canadian

schoolboy,Ryan

had

trouble

believing

the

words

spoken

by

his

teacher

that

many

people

in

developing

African

countries

couldn't

get

enough

clean

water.年仅六岁的加拿大小学生瑞安难以相信他的老师所说的话——非洲发展中国家的许多人无法获得足够的干净的水。拓展have

trouble

（in）

doing

sth意为“做某事有困难”,

属于固定用法。（1）have

trouble

with

后接名词或代词,

have

trouble

in

后接动词-ing形式,in可省略。（2）上述句型可演变为there

be结构,即there

is/was

trouble

with

sth/in

doing

sth。（3）difficulty也适用于上述句型:have

difficulty

with

sth/in

doing

sth。If

your

awareness

is

as

sharp

as

it

could

be,

you'll

have

no

trouble

answering

these

questions.

如果你的意识足够敏锐,你就会毫不费力地回答这些问题。I

usually

have

no

trouble

with

my

work.

通常情况下,我在工作上没有什么麻烦。There

was

no

trouble

in

finding

his

house.没有费力就找到了他的房子。Do

you

have

any

difficulty

with

your

English?你在英语学习方面有困难吗?I

had

considerable

difficulty

in

persuading

her

to

leave.

我费了好大的劲说服她离开。单句填空（1）You

can't

imagine

what

_________（difficult）

we

had

walking

home

in

the

snowstorm.difficulty（2）You

can

ask

the

police

for

help

when

you

have

trouble

_______（find）

a

place.finding（3）I

am

having

some

trouble

_____my

classmates

at

the

moment.with13.

so...that...（P14）And

why

is

the

water

so

dirty

that

it

makes

them

sick?为什么水如此脏以至于使他们生病?拓展本句为“so+adj./adv.+that”引导的结果状语从句,意为“如此……以至于”。（1）so

that主要用来引导目的状语从句,从句中常包含can/may/might/should等情态动词,意为“以便;使能够”，也可用来引导结果状语从句。（2）so放在句首时,句子要用倒装语序,以示强调。They

handed

him

so

many

cards

that

they

filled

several

large

boxes.

他们给了他很多卡片以至于这些卡片填满了几个大箱子。I

often

found

myself

telling

my

mom

to

drive

more

slowly,

so

that

I

could

read

all

of

the

road

signs

we

passed.

我经常告诉我妈妈开得慢一点,这样我就能读懂我们经过的所有路标了。So

frightened

was

the

boy

that

he

didn't

know

what

to

do.

那个男孩如此害怕,以至于不知道该做什么。辨析so...that...

与such...that...的区别:（1）两者均表示“如此……以至于”,一般情况下so

后面接形容词或副词;such

后面接名词或“形容词+名词”。（2）“such

+

a（n）

+

形容词+

可数名词单数”可以转换为“so

+形容词+a（n）

+

可数名词单数”。单句写作（1）The

weather

was

____________I

didn't

want

to

leave

my

room.

天气太冷了,我不想离开房间。so

cold

that（2）So

fast

___________that

he

was

far

ahead

of

others.

他跑得如此快,

以至于远远领先于其他人。did

he

run（3）She

stayed

at

home

_________________take

care

of

her

mother.

她待在家里是为了能够照顾她的母亲。so

that

she

could（4）Anne

is

_________________that

I

can't

help

eating

everything

she

makes.安妮是个很棒的厨师,我忍不住吃了她做的所有东西。such

a

good

cook拓展单词1.___________n.贡献→__________v.捐献;捐赠;撰稿contributioncontribute2.______n.减轻;缓解→_______v.解除;减轻reliefrelieve3._________adj.有效的;产生预期效果的→______n.影响;效果vt.使发生;引起;产生（效果）effectiveeffect4._______v.捐赠;捐献→_________n.捐赠;赠送;捐款;捐赠物donatedonation5._____adj.真的;真实的;实际存在的→______adv.真正地;实际上→_______n.真实;现实→_______v.领悟;认识到;实现→__________n.实现;领悟realreallyrealityrealizerealization即时检测6._________n.残疾;残障→________adj.伤残的→_______n.能力→_____adj.能干的;有能力的disabilitydisabledabilityable7.________v.迟疑;犹豫→__________n.犹豫hesitatehesitation8.____________n.成绩;成就→________v.实现;完成;达到achievementachieve9._________n.治疗;疗法→_____v.对待;把……看成;治疗;处理;款待n.乐事;乐趣;款待;请客treatmenttreat即时检测1.break

_____a

smile

突然笑起来into2.rise

___one's

feet

站起身来to3.be______

control

在控制中under4.set

____建立;创建up5.find

____找出;查明;发现out6.___

first

起初;当初at即时检测7.give____放弃;停止;投降;认输;泄气up8.be

___danger

处于危险之中in9.pass

______去世;过世away10.no

longer

__________不再;已不11.make

a

difference

____________________有影响;使……有差别12.earn

money

______挣钱即时检测Ⅰ.单句填空1.Being

a

Chinese,

I

feel

proud

of

my

country

and

the

____________（contribute）

that

have

been

made

by

the

Chinese

people

to

the

world

culture.contributions2.It

is

a

great

______（relieve）

to

have

rained

after

a

long

time

of

drought.relief3.The

project

looks

at

how

we

could

be

more

_________（effect）

in

encouraging

students

to

enter

teacher

training.effective4.Japan

has

to

employ

an

increasing

number

of

overseas

workers

because

there

is

no

easy

solution

to

its

labor

________（short）.shortage即时检测5.This

is

the

biggest

_________（donate）

we've

had

to

date.donation6.Without

any

_________（hesitate）,

he

jumped

into

the

river

to

save

the

drowning

child.hesitation7.Bringing

up

a

child

should

give

you

a

sense

of

____________（achieve）.achievement8.Thanks

to

the

local

charity

and

the

kindness

of

his

family,

he

was

able

to

receive

_________（treat）

to

prevent

the

disease

from