涂料物化性能测试技术教材

涂装常见缺陷分析G3MODULENAMEMODULENUMBER7/6/20241Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong漆膜缺陷原因分类:涂料问题(Productproblems)应用不良(Applicationproblems)设备因素(Equipmentproblems)环境因素(EnvironmentCause)颜色问题(Colourproblems)7/6/20242Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong漆膜硬度不够（weak):描述(DESCRIPTION)表现为漆膜软,很容易被划伤；相应的耐溶剂性能表现差。7/6/20243Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong原因（cause)：

通常是漆膜树酯交链不够好，而交链不够的主要因素有：１树酯分子选择不合适；２未完全干燥；３高温漆或双组份漆烘烤温度不够；４双组份漆固化剂配比不对。7/6/20244Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong起泡（blowing)：7/6/20245Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong起泡的原因(cause)：通常是基底有锈迹(擴大）、污垢、小凹孔、磷化渣质、水汽等被封在漆膜底下，漆膜在烤干或受热（受熱膨脹）时，这些物质彭涨将漆膜顶起造成。7/6/20246Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong起泡的原因：底下有Money!7/6/20247Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong溶剂泡（SolventPopping）描述（DESCRIPTION）新喷漆膜表面有直径小于1MM的小气泡。Opentoppedblistersupto1mmindiameteronthesurfaceofthemostrecentlyappliedpaintfilm.7/6/20248Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong溶剂泡（SolventPopping）起因（CAUSE）Airorsolventvapourtrappedbyfastdryingpaintformingaskin.Thismaybedueto:a)天那水太差或太快干。poorqualityortoofastthinner.b)喷得太厚或两层漆之间干燥时间不够。excessivefilmthickness,orinsufficientdryingtimebetweencoats.c)压缩空气压力太低。compressedairpressuretoolow.d)加热太快。dryingtemperaturetoohigh,heatsourcetooclosetothefilm,toohot,orappliedtoosoon.7/6/20249Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong溶剂泡（SolventPopping）预防（PREVENTION）a)确保工件表面清洁Ensurethatthesurfaceisscrupulouslyclean.b)使用合适的天那水。Useonlyrecommendedthinner.c)每层漆膜厚度合适，并适当闪干Applypaintinthin,wetfilms.Allowsufficientdryingtimebetweencoats.d)使用正确的喷漆压力Usecorrectcompressedairpressure.e)烘烤前适当流平，避免加热过快，热源过近。Allowsufficientflashofftimebeforeforcedrying,ensurethatthecorrectdryingtemperatureisnotexceeded.Donotallowtheheatsourcetobeplacedtooclosetothesurface.7/6/202410Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong针孔（Pinholing）描述（DESCRIPTION）小凹穴，通常直径小于1MM。Smallcavities,generallylessthan1mmindiameter,7/6/202411Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong针孔（Pinholing）预防（PREVENTION）a)一次不要喷得太厚。Donotspraytoothickonetime,b)烘烤之前适当流平。Flashingthefilmbeforebaking.c)使用涂料厂商推荐的附料。Useonlyrecommendedmaterials.d)正确调配油漆，使用较慢干稀释剂。Mixthepaintcorrectly,useslowdrythinner.E）保持底材干净。)Keepmaterialsclean.7/6/202412Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong鱼眼/FishEyes(cissing)好可爱噢，真的象鱼眼睛呢！7/6/202413Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong产生鱼眼的原因(cause)：放大之后中间有核,通常是*素材被含硅silicon类的物质污染。*素材未很好清洁。*裸手接触工件。*油漆一次喷涂太湿。*油漆体质敏感。7/6/202414Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong预防(PREVENTION)鱼眼的产生KeepthepartawayfromsiliconepollutionThoroughlycleanthesurfacewithwaxandgreaseremover.Donotallowcleaningsolventstodryonthesurfacebutremovewithacleandrycloth,Alwaysusetherecommendedmaterials.Ensurethatthesprayingareaisproperlyventilated.7/6/202415Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong与鱼眼相似的其它缺陷

1.水泡(blister)工件表面被溅上水珠。你见过水性漆出现此缺陷吗？7/6/202416Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong与鱼眼相似的其它缺陷

2.油污(oilpollution)工件表面被轻质油污染.7/6/202417Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong起云/斑纹,(Clouding/Mottling)7/6/202418Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong起云/斑纹,(Clouding/Mottling)起因:常见于银粉漆，主要是银粉排列不一致。主要原因有：１十字交叉喷涂；２使用太差的稀释剂；或稀释剂加入太少。３枪未调好；４喷涂手法不正确。5素材厚薄不一（这种情况常叫应力纹）。7/6/202419Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong应力纹(mapping):在5220机壳上常出现应力纹的地方7/6/202420Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong脏点/尘点/异色点(Dirt/threads/Bits)

7/6/202421Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong脏点/纤维/异色点（Dirt/threads/Bits）7/6/202422Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong脏点/纤维/异色点（Dirt/threads/Bits）此类缺陷目前占有相当大的比例，您知道其主要原因是什么吗？7/6/202423Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong颗粒(particles)产生原因素材本身灰尘未被去除；油漆未过滤，或滤网太粗或太脏；喷房、流平间、烤房等环境被污染；调漆间脏污，油漆未盖好；调漆罐、供漆管路、喷枪清洗不够。压缩空气未过滤，或滤网太脏。7/6/202424Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong纤维或毛丝：主要来自衣服纤维，人员走动太多，未穿防尘衣。也有来自劣质空气过滤网。7/6/202425Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong当这类缺陷很多时，

怎么办？？WhatcanIdo??7/6/202426Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong建议当这类缺陷很多时，建议将缺陷样品抽取30-50片进行详细分类（有必要的话，使用放大镜观察缺陷形状、颜色等），然后分析原因改善检察改善效果制定SOP贯彻执行SOP。7/6/202427Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong干喷/异常光泽低

（Dryspray/lossofgloss)描述（DESCRIPTION）虽然漆膜表面光滑,但漆膜表面光泽异常偏低.Althoughapparentlysmoothandevenlyapplied,thesurfacelacksshine.7/6/202428Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong起因(CAUSE)Microscopicroughnessofthesurfacewhichmayresultfrom:a)底漆太差或底漆未干就喷面漆.

poorholdoutofprimer,ortheapplicationoftopcoatoverprimerwhichisnotthoroughlydry.b)稀释剂太差或加了不合适的添加剂.

poorqualityorincorrectthinner,ortheuseofadditivesinthepaint.c)素材前处理不当或喷漆手法不对.incorrectlypreparedorpoorlyappliedpaint.d) 素材质量太差applicationoverapoorsubstrate.e)高湿低温时漆膜干燥太慢.excessivelyslowdryingduetohighhumidityorlowtemperature.f) 溶剂蒸气在漆膜表面冷凝.solventfumesorexhaustgasesattackingthesurface.g) 表面被污染.surfacecontaminationbywax,grease,oil,soaporwater.7/6/202429Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong预防（PREVENTION

）a) 选择正确种类和比例的稀释剂Usethecorrectproportionofrecommendedthinner.b) 正确的喷漆手法:枪距,扇形,气压……Usecorrectsprayingtechniques,ensurethatequipmentisclean,setairpressureaslowaspossible,consistentwithproperatomisation,sprayfromthecorrectdistance.c) 使用合适的喷房,确保喷房有良好的空气流通.Useaspraybooth,andensurethataircirculationandextractionisatthecorrectvelocity.7/6/202430Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong漆膜太薄

InadequateColourCoverage描述（DESCRIPTION）漆膜过薄可见底材,通常出现在比较难喷涂的底侧面等地方.Underlyingsurfacesvisiblethroughthepaintfilm,mostfrequentlyinhardtosprayareas,onlowerpanelsoronsharpedgesandcontours.7/6/202431Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong预防（PREVENTION）a)使用合适的喷涂方法确保合适的漆膜厚度.Usethecorrectsprayingtechnique,ensureevenandadequatefilmthickness.b)使用合适的治具,合适的灯光照明;特别注意难喷涂表面.Workundergoodlightingconditionsinaproperlysizedspraybooth,payspecialattentiontoinaccessibleareas.c)确保漆料混合均匀.Ensurethatthematerialsarethoroughlymixed.7/6/202432Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong橘皮（OrangePeel）描述（DESCRIPTION）漆膜表面不平整如同桔子皮表面.Pebbled,unevensurfaceofthepaintfilm,similarinappearancetoorangeskin.7/6/202433Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong橘皮（OrangePeel）起因(CAUSE)喷漆手法太差,枪距,空气压力、出漆量调节不合适。漆膜不要喷得太厚或太薄。c) 油漆品质太差、粘度调整不合适、混合不均匀。

两层漆之间干燥不够。Insufficientdryingtimebetweencoats.e) 工件表面温度不正常。Incorrectambientorsurfacetemperature,draughts.7/6/202434Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong橘皮（OrangePeel）预防（PREVENTION）a) 使用正确的喷漆手法、正确调节喷枪。Usethecorrectsprayingtechniqueandensurethatequipmentiscorrectlyadjustedb)均匀喷漆。c)使用合适的天那水，并调节到合适的粘度。

Ensurethatthepaintiscorrectlymixed,useonlyrecommendedthinnerwiththecorrectgraded)两层漆之间充分干燥。Allowsufficientdryingtimebetweencoatse)在合适的温度范围内和良好的空气流通条件下喷漆。Spraywithinthere-commendedtemperaturerangeandensureproperventilation7/6/202435Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong流挂（Runs/Sags）描述(DESCRIPTION)通常在垂直面等处，出现漆膜局部过厚造成大波纹、乳头现象。Welldefinedlocalthickeningofthepaintfilmintheformofawavylineorshallow,roundedridges,normallyconfinedtosharplyslopingorverticalsurfaces.7/6/202436Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong流挂（Runs/Sags）起因（CAUSE）Slumpingofthepaintfilmdueto:a) 喷得过厚，空气压力太低，扇形太窄，枪距太近，运枪太慢。Excessthicknessofapplication,airpressuretoolow,fanwidthtoonarrow,sprayguntooclosetothesurfaceormovingtooslowly.b) 使用太差的天那水。Useofpoorqualityorincorrectthinner.c) 粘度调整不正确。Incorrectviscosityofthepaint.d)素材表面或气温太低。Airorsurfacetemperaturetoolow.e)表面脏污。Contaminationoftheunderlyingsurface.7/6/202437Prepareedby:LiuChenzhong流挂（Runs/Sags）预防（PREVENTION）a)正确调整喷枪并采用正确的喷漆手法。Usethecorrectsprayingtechniqueand