北京市西城区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题(无答案)

北京市西城区2023—2024学年度第二学期期末试卷高二英语2024.7本试卷共14页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第Ⅰ卷（共83分）Ⅰ.听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节：（共4小题；每小题2分，共8分）听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。1.WhereisDaisyfrom?A.America. B.Italy. C.Greece.2.Whatdoesthewomanplantododuringthesummervacation?A.GotoParis. B.Visithercousins. C.Startanightschool.3.WhowillgivethereportonFriday?A.Theman. B.Thewoman. C.Thewoman’sassistant.4.Wherewillthemanhavedinner?A.Inhishome. B.Athisaunt’splace. C.Inhisgrandfather’shouse.第二节：（共6小题；每小题2分，共12分）听下面三段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。5.Whycan’tthemanattendtheevent?A.Becausehedoesn’tknowhowtohelp.B.Becausehethinksitisnothingserious.C.Becausehehasafamilyemergencytohandle.6.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Acceptdonations. B.Helpoutinotherways. C.Sendthewomanmoreinformation.听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。7.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.She’llgotouniversity. B.Shejoinedthecompany. C.Shehasworkexperience.8.What’sthewomanmostprobablydoing?A.Chattingonline. B.Askingforadvice. C.Takinganinterview.听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。9.Whereshouldstudentsgoifthey’reinterestedinhealthcare?A.TotheSchoolGym. B.ToNo.1LectureHall. C.ToNo.2LectureHall.10.Whydoesthespeakergivethistalk?A.Tointroduceanactivity.B.Tosharepersonalexperiences.C.Togiveadviceoncareerchoices.第三节：（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。HowtoPracticeSelf-CareGetenough11.●Makesureyoudon’tstayuptoolate.●Keepyourbedroomcomfortable,12andfreeofdistractions.Stayfitthroughexercise.●Startbyunderstandingthemanybenefitsofexercise.●13anactivityyouenjoy.14andreducestress.●Identifywhatyouhavecontrolover.●Talkwithpeopleyou15.Ⅱ.完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。Samwaswaitingforataxiatthehospital.Hehadbookeditonthephoneafterhismedicaltreatment.He’dbeensufferingfromkidney(肾)failuresincelastyear.Duringthistime,hewasonthetransplantlist,butno16appeared.BillwasdrivingtovisitafriendwhenhisphonerangwiththerequestforSam’sridehome.ThetripwasoutofBill’sway.17,hetooktheorder,figuringifthepassengerwascomingfromahospital,helikelyneededaride.WhenSamgotintothecar,Billcouldseehewas18butingoodspirits.Asthetwosetout,theybeganchatting.“Samreally19thecarwithpositiveenergy,”saidBill,whotalkedalotwithSam.HelearntSamhadenjoyedvolunteeringinthecommunity,buthewasdoinglessbecauseofthetreatments.ThenSamrevealedhewassearchingforakidneydonor.Bill20he’dbeagooddonorcandidatebecausehedidn’tdrinkorsmoke.Samagreed,thoughhedidn’tthinkmuchofit.Bill,however,couldn’tstopthinkingaboutit.Billbelievedin21others,sodonatingakidneywassomethingalwaysonhismind.Plus,healreadylikedandrespectedSam.Whenapproachingthedestination,Billrepeated,“I’dseeifIcouldbeamatchtogiveyouakidney.”“Iwasshocked,”Samrecalled.Hewasshakingsohardthathecouldbarelywritehisnamewhenthey22contactinformation.Onceinsidehishome,heexcitedlytoldhiswife,“Thetaxidriverofferedhiskidneytome!”Aftertheinitialexcitement,Samstartedfeelingless23,wonderingifithadjustbeenanemotionalmoment.Wouldhehearfromhim?ButBillwas24tohisword.Hecontactedthehospitalsoon.Afteralongprocess,theresultscame:Theywereaperfectmatch.Thentheyhadtheirsurgery,whichwasa(n)25.Today,Samisdoingwell.Andthetwomenstillkeepintouch.Miraculously,achanceencounterturnedouttobealife-savingride.16.A.taxis B.matches C.orders D.patients17.A.Still B.Instead C.Moreover D.Therefore18.A.angry B.afraid C.weak D.forgetful19.A.litup B.piledinto C.fixedup D.sloweddown20.A.heard B.recalled C.joked D.complained21.A.treating B.helping C.accepting D.encouraging22.A.discussed B.repeated C.compared D.exchanged23.A.curious B.doubtful C.hesitant D.optimistic24.A.true B.close C.related D.blind25.A.waste B.honor C.mistake D.successⅢ.阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheLighthouseBookProjectisanintensive,two-yearprogram.Itisaimedatgivingwritersofbook-lengthmanuscripts(文稿)theclasses,advice,andmoralsupporttheyneedtodraft,revise,and—mostimportantly—finish.Whetheryou’reworkingonanovel,shortstorycollection,ornarrativenonfiction,ourprogramguideswillworkcloselywithyoutochartapaththroughyourproject.Andattheendoftwoyears,you’llhaveamanuscriptyoucanbeproudofandasupportteamreadytohelpyoutakethenextsteps.Benefits●Individualizedguidance:You’llmeetyourguideonaregularbasistocheckyourprogress,reviewdraftsofyourwork,andsetgoalsforthefuture,keepingyouaccountableandontrackthroughouttheprogram.●Intensives:Threetimesayear,theBookProjectparticipantsgatherforaweekendofclassesledbyspecialguestauthorsandourpublishingexpert,groupmeetings,participantreadings,greatmealsandplentyofsocialtime.●Manuscriptfeedback:You’llreceivedetailedfeedbackonyourmanuscriptfromyourguideandthenasecondthoroughexaminationofyourcompletemanuscriptfromasecondreader,chosenfromourlistofLighthouseteachersandmanyotherfamouswriters.ApplicationsandTuition●Applications:ApplicationsareavailablestartingApril1,andthedeadlinetoapplyisJune22everyyear.Eachguideacceptssixapplicants,foratotalof36participatingwriters.●Componentsofapplications:awritingsampleupto30pages,aprojectoutline,twotothreerecommendationlettersfromyourcurrentorformerwritinginstructors,andashortpersonalstatement.●Tuition:$8,580peryear,or$715permonth.PartialtuitionassistanceisavailablethroughourBookProjectFellowship.Since2019,we’veseendealssignedforthirteenbooksfromourBookProjectparticipants.They’vehadnonfiction,shortstorycollections,novels,andmiddle-gradeworkssignedbythebestpublishers.Willyoubenext?26.TheLighthouseBookProjectpromisesthatparticipantswill________.A.gettheirbookspublishedeventuallyB.meettheirguideswhenevernecessaryC.finishwritingtheirworkswithin2yearsD.receivefeedbackonlyfromfamouswriters27.TobeaparticipantoftheLighthouseBookProject,youneedto________.A.applybeforeApril1 B.pay$715foroneyearC.stateyourpersonalinformation D.prepareyournovelupto36pages28.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toassessnewwriters. B.Topromoteaprogram.C.Tocomparedifferentprojects. D.Tointroducethebestpublisher.BIn2014,ayearintoherretirement,MoragWarrackfoundherselfinavillagehallintheSurreyhills,surroundedbymiddle-agedmenthrowingeachotherontothefloor.“Whenenteringtheclassroom,Iwasterrifiedandthoughtallthesemenwouldbeshockedbyanoldwomanwalkingin,”shesays.“TheteacherencouragedmetostayandIrealizedtheywereallkindandcuriousaboutmebeingthere.Thatwasmyfirstexperienceoflearningaikido.”At59,Warrack,whohadrecentlyhandedinherresignation,beganreadinguponmindfulnesspractices.“ThemoreIlookedintomindfulness,themoreaikidokeptcomingup,”shesays.“Thesebookswererecommendingitasawaytoconnectthemind,bodyandspirit.”Attractedbytheidea,Warrackfoundalocalclasswhereshecouldtakeabeginners’session.Despiteherstruggles,Warrackkeptreturning.Whileherhusbandandtwochildrenweresupportive,theyweren’ttemptedtojoinin.“Theyjustthought:Mum’soffononeagain,”shesays.Warrackcarriedonand,aftertwoyearsofpractice,shebeganmovingupthegradedsystemofbeltrankingsandnoticingachangeinherself.“Aikidowasmakingmewaymoreconfident,”shesays,“Sincemyreactionsgotquicker,mybalancewasbetterandmycoordination(协调性)improved,Ihadarealunderstandingofmyownbodyanditbecameametaphor(比喻)forhowtobeinlife;howtoavoidattackwithouthurtingtheotherperson.”ByJanuary2019,Warrackwasdeterminedtoachieveherblackbeltandbegantrainingwiththeonlyotherpersoninherclasswhowasatthesamelevelasher:a181cmpoliceofficer.“Itwasaveryoddpairing.Notleastbecausehe’ssostrongandsoIhadtolearnhowtousemyskillsratherthanstrengthagainsthim,”shesays.InDecember2021,Warrack,attheageof66,tookherblackbelttest.For20minutes,shehadtodefendherpositionagainstattackersoneafteranotherbeforefacingthefinalrandori,wherefourpeopleattackatonce.“Oneguykickedmeandsplitmylip,”shelaughs.“Itmademesoangry,butthat’swhatIneededtokeepgoing.”Shepassed,makingheroneoftheoldestpeopletoachieveanaikidoblackbeltintheUK.29.HowdidMoragWarrackfeelwhenshefirstenteredtheaikidoclassroom?A.Curious. B.Disappointed. C.Confident. D.Frightened.30.Aftertwoyearsofpractice,Warrack________.A.grewmorepatient B.turnedintoabetterselfC.realizedherfullpotential D.becameawareofherweakness31.Inordertoachieveherblackbelt,Warrackhadto________.A.polishherskillsfurther B.improvehercoordinationC.avoidhurtingtheattackers D.seeksupportfromherfamily32.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Withagecomeswisdom. B.Thegreatestwealthishealth.C.It’salwaysagoodtimetolearn. D.Competewithhonorandwinwithgrace.COurtravelsarenotlimitedtophysicaltime.Wealsoexperiencementaltimetravel.Wevisitthepastthroughourmemoriesandthenjourneyintothefuturebyimaginingwhattomorrowornextyearmightbring.Whenwedoso,wethinkofourselvesaswearenow,rememberwhoweoncewereandenvisionhowwewillbe.Arecentstudyexploreshowoneparticularbrainregionhelpstoknittogethermemoriesofthepresentandfutureselves.Whenpeoplesustainaninjurytothisarea,itleadstoadamagedsenseofidentity.Theregion,calledvmPFC,mayproduceafundamentalmodelofthepersonandplaceitinmentaltime.Whentheregiondoesso,itmaybethesourceofoursenseofself.It’salsofoundthatmemoriesthatreferencetheselfareeasiertorecall.Theybenefitfromwhatresearchershavecalledaself-referenceeffect.Inthestudy,theresearchersusedtheself-referenceeffecttoassessmemoriesofpresentandfutureselvesamongpeoplewhohadbrainlesions(损伤)tothevmPFC.ThescientistsworkedwithpeoplewithvmPFClesions,thencomparedthemwithacontrolgroupmadeupofpeoplewithinjuriestootherpartsofthebrainandhealthyindividuals.Theywereaskedtolistadjectivestodescribethemselvesandacelebrity,bothinthepresentandfuture.Later,theyhadtorecallthesesametraits.Itwasdiscoveredthatpeopleinthecontrolgroupcouldrecallmoreadjectiveslinkedtothemselvesthanadjectiveslinkedtothecelebrity.However,theparticipantswithvmPFClesionshadlittleornoabilitytorecallreferencestotheself,regardlessofthecontextoftime.Theiridentificationofadjectivesforcelebritieswasalsocomparativelyweak.Thesefindingsareintriguing,forthestudyhelpsusunderstandhowself-relatedmemoriesdependonthefunctionofthevmPFC.Butwhataboutourpastselves?Previousstudiesaskedpeopletoconsidertheirpastselves,buttherewasnoevidenceoftheself-referenceeffect.Ourpastselvesseemforeigntous,asiftheywereindividualsapartfromus.Oneideathatscientistshaveputforwardtounderstandthisdistinctionisthatperhapswearenotverykindinourjudgmentsofourpastselves.Insteadwemayberathercriticalofourpreviousbehavior,emotionsandpersonaltraits.Wemayuseourpastprimarilytoconstructamorepositiveself-imageinthepresent.Putanotherway,becausewemayrecognizeflaws(瑕疵)inourpastself’sbehavior,wetendtodistanceourselvesfromthepersonweoncewere.Therefore,bringingthepresentandfutureintothespotlightiscentraltounderstandingthewayourbrainandthoughtsshapeourcurrentselves.Andwiththeresearch,wehaveabetterideaaboutthewayasmallregionwithinourbrainisabletobuildandholdthecoreabilitytomaintainouridentity.33.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat________.A.peoplewithvmPFClesionshaveabrokensenseofidentityB.vmPFC-injuredpeoplerecallcelebritiesbetterthanothersdoC.theself-referenceeffectplaysavitalroleinconsideringpastselfD.peopletendtoacceptpastselfafterrealizingtheirpreviousfaults34.AsforthefindingsoftherecentstudyonvmPFC,theauthoris________.A.critical B.doubtful C.approving D.unconcerned35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TestingOurMemories B.CreatingOurSenseofSelfC.ThePowerofSelf-ReferenceEffect D.TheImportanceofMentalTimeTravelDWithits1.2millionLEDlightsshiningbrightlyagainsttheLasVegasnight,theLasVegasSpheremaywellbetheultimatesymbolof2020soveruse.Butthatgiganticentertainmentspaceisalsosomethingelse:asymbolofthecomingconflictbetweenourclimategoalsandourseeminglyinsatiable(永不满足)appetiteforstuff.Inthe1990s,multicolorLEDlightswereinventedtopreventclimatedisastersbygreatlyreducingtheamountofelectricityweuse.Afterall,LEDlightsuse90percentlessenergyandlastaround18timeslongerthanincandescentbulbs(白炽灯).Yettheamountofelectricityweconsumeforlightgloballyisroughlythesametodayasitwasin2010.That’spartlybecauseofpopulationandeconomicgrowthinthedevelopingworld.Butanotherbigreasonisthatastechnologyhasadvanced,we’veonlygrownmorewasteful.There’saneconomictermforthis:theJevonsParadox,namedforthe19th-centuryEnglisheconomistWilliamStanleyJevons,whonoticedthatassteamenginesbecameevermoreefficient,Britain’sappetiteforcoalincreasedratherthandecreased.ThelogicofJevonsisthatinsteadofbankingtheefficiencysavingswemakeastechnologyadvances,wegooutandspendit.Today,youcanseeexamplesoftheParadoxeverywhere.WhenresidentsinEnglandinstalledhomeinsulation,theiroverallheatingenergydemandsoonrebounded,endingupataboutthesamelevelasitwasbefore:Theresidentshadapparentlychosentoturnuptheirthermostats(温控器)andliveinwarmerhomes.Thegoodnewsisthatinsomecasestheefficiencygainsaresogreatthatevenourinsatiableappetitefornewstuffcannotcompletelynegatethem.Today’scarenginesrequirelessfuel,eventhoughAmericansonaveragenowdrivelongerdistancesinheaviercars.However,thebadnewsisthattheJevonsParadoxseemstobehard-wiredintous.Therearefewexamplesthroughouthistoryofpeoplewillinglyconsuminglessenergy,eitherformoralorenvironmentalreasons.Forsome,thesolutionisobvious:Governmentsmustdomoretolimitourenergyuse,perhapsthroughregulationsortaxes.Aglobalcarbontaxwouldhelp—thoughthechancesofestablishingoneremainslim.AmoreinnovativeanswercomesfromRobWest,founderandchiefexecutiveofThunderSaidEnergy.HavingspentyearsdocumentingtheJevonsParadoxandfindingitfarmorewidespreadthaneconomistspredicted,hethinksthebesthopewehaveistofightJevonswithJevons.Thatmeansapplyingtheideathatconsumptionincreasesasgoodsbecomecheaperandmoreefficienttoourproductionofenergy.Inotherwords,thefutureliesnotinrationing(定量供应)energyandhopinghumanssuddenlychangetheirbehavior,butinensuringanyenergyweuseisasgreenandattractiveaspossible.36.WhydoestheauthormentiontheLasVegasSphere?A.Tohighlightaspace. B.Topredictanending.C.Toprovideasolution. D.Toexpressaconcern.37.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“negate”inParagraph5mostprobablymean?A.Putoff. B.Breakdown. C.Pushup. D.Wipeout.38.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.TheJevonsParadoxrequiresmoreexamples.B.Environmentalawarenessishard-wiredinhumans.C.Energyconsumptiongrowsastechnologyadvances.D.Efficiencygainsguaranteetherealizationofclimategoals.39.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldRobWestmostprobablyagreewith?A.Thesolutionisalwaystofurtherenergyefficiency.B.Aglobalcarbontaxhasaidedinlimitingenergyuse.C.Humansareeagertochangetheirconsumptionbehavior.D.EconomistshaveoverestimatedtheeffectoftheJevonsParadox.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中共有两项为多余选项。Highlysensitiveperson,orHSP,isatermcoinedbypsychologistElaineAron.Accordingtoresearch,ineveryfivepeople,there’soneHSP.40HSPshavestrongself-consciousness;theymaystruggletoadapttonewcircumstances,demonstrateseeminglyinappropriateemotionalresponsesinsocialsituations,andeasilybecomeuncomfortableinresponsetolight,soundorcertainphysicalsensations.41Thepowerofinsensitivitycanbeinterpretedas“sluggish(迟缓的)power”.Usually,peopleassociate“insensitivity”withsomethingbad,butinsensitivitydoesnotequaldullness.42Thatis,calmlyfacingthesetbacksanddowntimeinlifeandfirmlymovingtowardsone’sowndirection.Itisthe“meansandwisdomtowinabetterlife”,asaJapaneseauthorwritesinthebookThePowerofInsensitivity.Accordingtohim,theworldwillbebetterifwefocusonthemajorgoalsandstayinsensitivetoanythingelse.43Oneoftheimportantreasonsisthatbehindinsensitivityisstrongself-awarenessorself-confidence.Knowingyourselfisdifficult,butknowingyourselfcorrectlyisundoubtedlyanexcellentability.Oneofthequalitiessharedbymanysuccessfulpeopleis:theyallclearlyknowwheretheirstrengthsare,whattheywant,andwhatdirectiontogo.Topracticeinsensitivity,thefirststepistoavoidoverthinking.Resisttheurgetooveranalyzesituations,andredirectyourfocustowardsactionablestepswithinyourcontrol.Secondly,don’tpaytoomuchattentiontotheupsanddownsoflifeatthemoment.Rather,youshouldbelookingforward.Additionally,setclearboundaries.44Remembernottogettooinvolvedinotherpeople’sbusinessandsetlimitsthatkeepyousafefromoutsidepressures.Asauniquewisdomoflife,thepowerofinsensitivitygivescompletelynewinspirationtomodernpeople.Onceyoubecomeabit“blunt”andslowdownthepace,youwillfeelmorecomfortable.A.Everyonecanobtaintheabilitytobeinsensitive.B.That’swheretheneedtobeinsensitivecomesfrom.C.Itemphasizesdeterminationwhenitcomestodifficulties.D.Avoidfocusingtoomuchonwhatothersaredoingorthinking.E.Regardingrelationships,learntoviewtheproblemastwoparts.F.Beingahighlysensitivepersoncancomewithmanychallenges.G.Whycaninsensitivityallowapersontobetteradaptinacompetitiveenvironment?第Ⅱ卷（共57分）Ⅰ.选词填空（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。annoy,warn,drama,intelligent,emotion45.Inrecentyears,youmayhavereadnewsaboutartificial____________creatingitsownart,suchuspainting.46.Petsareoftentheoneswhoprovide____________supportforthefamily.47.Thecigarettepackagecarriesahealth____________onit—“Smokingisharmfultohealth”.48.TheUSshortstorywriterO.Henryinrenownedforhisabsorbingplotsand____________endings.49.Hegotvery____________withmeaboutmycarelessness.Ⅱ.语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ATechnologyhasimprovedmylifeinwaysthatstillsurpriseanddelightme.MyTV50(remember)howfarIgotinyesterday’sshow,evenifIdon’t!Icanwatchmypizza’sentirejourney51therestauranttomyhouse!Thesearemiracles.Buttherehavebeensacrifices,Ihaveturnedovermemoryandindependencetothemachines.Overthepast20years,I52(become)anxiousaboutproblemsthatdidn’tusetoexist,andindecisiveoverchoicesIneverusedtomake.BTheexhibition—“BlossomsofDunhuang”53(hold)attheNationalArtMuseumofChinalastmonth.Itreflecteduponthe60-year-longcareerofafamousChineseartistChangShana.HerpassionforDunhuangwasinspiredbyherfather54wasalsoafamousartist.ChangShanahasdevoted55(she)topreservingtheartofDunhuang.56(ensure)thatthethousand-year-oldartliveson,she’snowworkingwithanonlineplatformtopromotethesaleofherworks.CWhilemyfellowconferenceattendeeswere57(happy)discussingthedinnermenu,Iwastryingtostopapanicattack.Thiswasn’tthefirsttimethishadhappened.Duringgroupdiscussions,mybrainstopped58(function)andpanictookover.ForyearsIdidn’tknow59Ifeltlikethis.ButnowIknowthereason:Ihaveanervedisorder.Recognizingthisaspectofmyidentitybringsmenewworriesandhope.Ⅲ.书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第60、61题各2分，第2题3分，第63题5分，共12分）阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Hoganwasoneofthegreatestgolfersofthe20thcentury,anaccomplishmentheachievedthroughtirelesspractice.Forhim,everypracticesessionhadapurpose.Hespentyearsbreakingdowneachphaseofthegolfswingandtestingnewmethodsforeachpart.Theresultwasnearperfection.Hoganfinishedhiscareerwithninemajorchampionships.Duringhisprime,othergolfersattributedhisremarkablesuccessto“Hogan’ssecret”.Today,expertshaveanewtermforhisstyleofimprovement:deliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticereferstoaspecialtypeofpracticethatispurposefulandsystematic.Whileregularpracticemightincludemindlessrepetitions,deliberatepracticerequiresfocusedattentionandisconductedwiththespecificgoalofimprovingperformance.Whe