英语46级公开课获奖课件

土木工程专业外语

Englishforspecialpurposes(ESP)incivilengineeringSchoolofCivilEngineeringHaoZhangPhD.第1页ContactInformation:E-mail:sjzrizh@gmail.(Preferred)Office：交通应急保障中心807专业外语学习群：116885151Mainresearchfeild:Bridge&StructureEngineering,StructuralHealthMonitoringIfyouneedanyhelp,pleasefeelfreetocontactwithme.Youareweletomyofficeanytime.第2页Requirement:Ifyouhaveurgentmattersandyoucannotetomyclass,pleaseletmeknow,otherwise,youwillberegardedasabsent.Ifyouareabsentthreetimes,youwon’thavetherighttotakethefinalexamination.Itmeansthatyoucannotgetthecreditofthiscourse.Pleasekeepsilenceduringlecture.第3页1.CourseIntroductionObjectivesinthiscourseToconsolidatetheabilitytousetheEnglishlanguageinthefollowingdesignatedfields,andTohaveaconsideratelyprofoundknowledgeofConstructionmaterials,highwayengineering,bridgeengineering,andtunnelengineering,esp.,Theterms,processes,andtheadvancedtechnicalknowHowindesign,construction,andmaintenanceinthethesefields第4页1.CourseIntroductionCharecatersofthiscourse（1）wide（2）Miscellaneous（3）longtermThestatusofthiscourseinyourspecializedsystemImprovingprehensiveability第5页1.CourseIntroduction工程------engineering

航天工程-----aerospaceengineering

农业工程-----agriculturalengineering

建筑工程-----architecturalengineering

机械工程-----mechanicalengineering

土木工程-----civilengineering工程师-------engineer第6页CivilEngineering

1.Definition:thepracticalapplicationoftheoreticalsciences,suchasphysicsorchemistry,forthebenefitofmankind(mostsimplebutnotdefining).

Civilengineeringisaprofessionalengineeringdisciplinethatdealswiththeconstructionanddesignofpublicandprivatesectorworkssuchasbridges,roads,damsandbuildings.1.CourseIntroduction第7页CivilEngineering2.SubdivisionsofCivilEngineeringStructuralengineering；Hydraulicengineering；Sanitaryorenvironmentalengineering；geotechnical

engineering；transportationengineering；materialsengineering；coastalengineering；surveying；urbanplanning；andconstructionengineering.

1.CourseIntroduction第8页1.CourseIntroductionCivilengineeringEngineeringStructure（1）Member（2）Materials（3）TypeEngineeringMechanics

AnalysisandDesignofstructure第9页大学英语科技英语听、说、读、写重点在阅读、翻译和写作。基础进阶科技文献阅读和翻译平常应用CET4和CET6听、说、读、写词汇、语法、句型各专业英语2.ESPandGeneralEnglish(GE)

第10页3ThecharacteristicsofESP归纳：语言特点;语法特点;词汇特点;构造特点行文清楚、客观、精练、严密文体简练、准确、清楚信息量大、强调存在事实内容大量使用名词化结构广泛使用被动语句非限定动词后置定语复合词与缩略词长句各种方法表示数字和否定第11页3.1语言特点语言简洁，表达明确，不重润饰Usuallythefoundationsforthepiersmustrestonbedrock,andoftenunderwater.Onetechniqueforworkingintheseconditionsisbymeansofacofferdam.Pilesusuallymadeofinterlockingsteelplatesaredrivenintothewaterbed.Thewateristhenpumpedoutfromwithintheareathathasbeenenclosed.一般，桥墩基础应安顿在岩床上，且往往位于水下。在这种状况下，可采用围堰技术施工。先把想好好锁定钢板桩打入河床，然后从钢板桩所围区域内向外抽水。第12页逻辑严谨，要领清晰，关系分明Theyieldcriterionforamaterialisamathematicaldescriptionofthebinationofstressesthatwouldcauseyieldofthematerial.Inotherwordsitisarelationshipbetweenappliedstressesandstrength.Theyieldcriterioncanbewritten:材料屈服准则指也许导致材料屈服应力组合数学表达式。换句话说，它表达作用应力与“强度”之间关系。3.1语言特点第13页3.2语法特点1）非人称语气和客观态度，常用It构造、名词化构造

Itiseasiertomakechangesindesignandtocorrecterrorsduringconstruction(andatlessexpense)ifweldingisused.

It

isestimatedthataboutonethirdofallaccidentshappenwhenitisdark,althoughobviouslythereismoretrafficduringdaytime.Archimedesfirstdiscoveredtheprinciplethatwaterisdisplacedbysolidbodies.阿基米德最先发现固体排水原理。Archimedesfirstdiscoveredtheprincipleofdisplacementofwaterbysolidbodies.名词化构造，首先简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement这一事实第14页2）较多采用被动语态。Examp3:Beforeanycivilengineeringprojectcanbedesigned,asurveyatsitemustbemade.英国利兹大学JohnSwales记录，科技英语中谓语至少三分之一是被动态构造。强调与客观使用时要注意：重要信息置于句首;尽量防止使用第一、二人称3.2语法特点第15页3）大量使用非限定动词，即否认式、动名词、目前分词和过去分词。Examp4:Thetotalweightbeingless,itispossibletobuildmuchtallerbuildings.Examp5:Thedemandsforsophisticatedanalysis,coupledwithsomeseriouslimitationonputationalcapability,ledtoahostofspecialtechniquesforsolvingacorrespondingsetofspecialproblems.3.2语法特点第16页A)Adirectcurrentisacurrentwhichflowsalwaysinthedirection.B)Adirectcurrentisacurrentflowinginthesamedirection.在科技英语中，不常使用非限制定语从句，而使用非限定动词，即非谓语动词使用分词短语替代定语从句或状语从句；使用分词独立构造替代状语从句或并列分句；使用不定式短语替代多种从句；介词十动名词短语替代定语从句或状语从句在科技文中，普通将how，wh-词引导从句转换成how,wh-词引导不定式短语。从而使句子结构愈加简练、紧凑3.2语法特点第17页4）较多地使用祈使语气和公式化表达方式常用Assumethat,Supportthat,let,等祈使语气表达方式。Examp6:SupposethatP=0atx=y.3.2语法特点5）条件语句较多Examp7:Thehugeinvestmentinhighwayinfrastructurewillbeerasedquicklyifpropermaintenanceandrehabilitationproceduresareenforcedandfunded.Examp8:IfsubstitutingEq.(1)into(7),weobtainF=xyz.第18页6）长句较多，但一般较简洁清晰Examp9:Itisimportantalsothatthedesignerbeawareofthemethodofconstructionorerectiontobeemployedsince,incertaincases,theloadingconditionstowhichamemberissubjectedduringerectionmayinduceastressconditionwhichexceedsthatduetotheserviceloadsofthestructure.3.2语法特点7）省略句较多Examp10:Ifnotwellmanaged,theprocedureforconstructionmaybemoreexpensive.第19页3.3词汇特点1)专业和半专业词汇可在网上下载有关专业词汇表公路工程词汇表如：standard（名词）standardize（动词）,former（形容词）theformer（名词）等

2)较多使用词性转换第20页3）词缀和词根如dis-,in-,multi-,super-,sub-等，见附录3.3词汇特点4）缩写、数学符号及其表达式Fig.(figure)-------图Eq.(equation)m/s(meter/second)In.(inch)FIDIC

ISO第21页3.4构造特点上述语言、语法和词汇特点属专业英语“语域分析”内容，这些内容形成了专业英语基础。更深入，还需要理解专业英语在段落及文章层面上构造特点，理解隐含在语言运用之中逻辑思维过程，才能把握文章要点和重点，提高阅读和理解能力。一般，在一种自然段中，总有一句话概括出本段落重点，其位置常位于段首或段未，很少出目前段中。它对理解本段意思起至关重要作用，应予以足够注视。此外还应注意各个自然段之间逻辑关系，逻辑关系对理解句子意思也有很大协助。第22页4.1常用数字英语读法1/2onehalf,ahalf,oneovertwo1/3athird,onethird,oneoverthree2/3twothirds,twooverthree1/10atenth,onetenth,1/4aquarter,onequarter,onefourth,oneoverfour3/4threequarters,threefourths4.SpeakingofESP常用数字读法常用数学符号读法土木专业词汇读法文章读法Speaking第23页234/679twohundredandthirtyfouroversixhundredandseventynine0.3zeropointthree,Opointthree,naughtpointthree,pointthree.0.03zeropointzerothree,OpointOthree,naughtpointnaughtthree,point naughtthree.0.67zeropointsixseven,Opointsixseven,naughtpointsixseven,point sixseven,twoandahalfthreeandthreefifthsonehundredthirtysevenandthreeoverfourzeropointthreerecurring,pointthreerecurringfivepointeightsixseven,sixsevenrecurring第24页2%twopercent2‰twopermille3/8%threeeighthspercent,threeeighthsofonepercent.2/3mtwothirdsofameter3/4kmthreequartersofakilometer7.8m/ssevenpointeightmeterspersecond15℃fifteendegreeCentigrade34℉thirtyfourdegreesFahrenheit10KNtenkiloNewton20mmtwentymillimeters二、常用数学符号读法(Englishreadingforfrequently-usedmathematicalsymbols）第25页+

plus-minus×multipliedby,times÷dividedby±plusorminus＝

isequalto,equals,is≡isidenticallyequalto,identicallyequals≈isapproximatelyequalto,approximatelyequalstheabsolutevalueofxxbar,themeanvalueofxbprimebdoubleprime,bsecondprime,btwoprimebsubscriptone,bsubonebsuperscripttwo,bsupertwoxdotxtwodotsfunctionfofxDeex,differentialxthenthderivativeofywithrespecttox第26页thepartialderivativeofywithrespecttoxdelintegralbetweenlimitsaandbbracketaplusbbracketclosedtheratioofatobxsquare,xsquared,thesquareofx,thesecondpowerofx,xtothesecondpowerthesquarerootofxthefifthrootofxsquarenthdelintegralinfinityxcube,xcubed,thecubeofx,thethirdpowerofx,xtothethirdpowerlogxtothebasenFactorialx第27页一、教学内容(theteachingcontent)5