中考英语基础知识之英语简单句之否定句和疑问句以及there+be句型课件

英语简单句否定句，疑问句，therebe句型

Revision复习：I

sawatall

boy

takeyourbook

justnow.主

谓

定

宾

宾补

状常用的英语句子并不都象五种基本句型一样简短，除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。否定句式，疑问句，therebe句型中考常见考点否定句式：陈述句的肯定句式转换成否定句式的技巧1.be+not（amnot,isnot,arenot,wasnot,werenot）

Thecatislazy.Thecatis

notlazy.2.情态动词+not+动词原形（mustnot,neednot,cannot,shouldnot,maynot,wouldnot,hadbetternot）

Youshouldgooutwithoutamask.

Youshould

notgooutwithoutamask.3.助动词will/shall+not+动词原形

Iwillleave.Iwill

notleave.4.助动词have,has,had+not+过去分词Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcountry.

Greatchangeshave

nottakenplaceinourcountry.5.助动词do,does,did+动词原形（难点）

Ihavebreadforbreakfast.

Idonothavebreadforbreakfast.Hesingsverywell.Hedoesnotsingverywell.Theyplantedseveraltreesonthehillyesterday.Theydidnotplantseveraltreesonthehillyesterday.6.含有no,never,hardly,seldom,few,little,nobody,nothing,none,neither...nor...等单词或短语的句子，也表否定。Icanhardlycarrythebox.=Icannotcarrythebox.Thereislittlemilkintheglass.=Thereisnotany/nomilkintheglass.7....too+形/副+todo...结构“太……以至于不能……”Theboyistooyoungtotakecareofhimself.8.think,believe,suppose等词引导的宾语从句，且主句主语为第一人称时，否定前移的用法。我相信他不会说谎。Idon'tthinkhewilltelllies.一般疑问句定义：用yes或no作答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。特点：1、以be动词、助动词或情态动词开头；Isyourfatherateacher?DoesCatherinelikeanimals?CanJennyspeakFrench?2、往往读升调；3、译成汉语时一般带上“吗”，例如上面三句话。一般疑问句往往采用简短回答，共由三部分（三个单词）组成，对这三部分（三个单词）的确定可以概括为以下规则：1.第一个词：不是Yes就是No。有时根据语气的不同,Yes可由Sure,Certainly,Ofcourse,noproblem等代替.No可由Sorry代替.2.第二个词：问谁答谁。Doesshecleanherroomeveryday?Yes,shedoes.IsAnna′sfatheradoctor?No,heisn′t.如果主语是thisthat,回答时用it代替,如果问句中主语these,those,回答时用they代替。3.第三个词：用什么问，用什么答。即沿用问句中的首单词。

CanJimplaysoccer?Yes,hecan./No,hecan't.

DoesMrBeanspeakEnglish?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.具体句式结构：1.be+主语+其他？Thecatislazy.

Isthecatlazy?Yes,it

is./No,itisn't.2.情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？Heshouldgooutwithoutamask.

Shouldhegooutwithoutamask?Yes,heshould./No,heshouldn't.注意：用may引导的问句，肯定回答用may，否定回答用can′t或mustn′t；MayIgototheparknow?Yes,youmay./No,youmustn′t.用must引导的问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn′t.MustIwashmyclothesnow?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn′t.3.助动词will/shall+主语+动词原形？

They

willleave.

Willtheyleave？Yes,theywill./No,theywon't.4.助动词have,has,had+主语+过去分词+其他？Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinhiscountry.Havegreatchangestakenplaceinhiscountry?Yes,theyhave./No,theyhaven't.5.助动词do,does,did+动词原形（难点）

Theyhavebreadforbreakfast.Dotheyhavebreadforbreakfast?Yes,theydo./No,theydon't.Hesingsverywell.

Doeshesingverywell?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.Thestudentsplantedseveraltreesonthehillyesterday.

Didthestudentsplantseveraltreesonthehillyesterday?Yes,theydid./No,theydidn't.

陈述句变一般疑问句应注意的事项：1.如果陈述句中有第一人称，则变问句时最好要变为第二人称。例：Iusuallyhavelunchatschool.→Doyouusuallyhavelunchatschool?

Myfatherisplayingsoccer.→Isyourfatherplayingsoccer?2.如果陈述句中有some,则变问句时往往要变成any。例：Thereissomewaterontheplayground.→Isthereanywaterontheplayground?3．如果句中含有实义动词have且表示“有”的意思时,除借do外，也可将其直接提到句首。例：IhavesomefriendsinAmerica.→HaveyouanyfriendsinAmerica?Yes,Ihave.(No,Ihaven't.)DoyouhaveanyfriendsinAmerica?Yes,Ido.(No,Idon't.)

4．用No开头作否定回答时,结尾要加上not。因为回答一般是三部分，所以否定回答一般缩写，而肯定回答不能缩写。DidThomascomehereyesterday?Yes,hedid./No,hedidn′t.IsLinLininClass3?Yes,sheis./No,sheisn′t.或No,she′snot.陈述句变一般疑问句应注意的事项：1.IamanEnglishteacher.2.Thesecatsarecrying.3.Hisfathergoestoworkbybus.4.Mybrotherhasdecidedtotellmethetruth.随堂训练：以下句子改成否定句和一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答IamnotanEnglishteacher.AreyouanEnglishteacher?Yes,Iam./No,I'mnot.Thesecatsaren'tcrying.Arethesecatscrying?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.Hisfatherdoesn'tgotoworkbybus.Doeshisfathergotoworkbybus?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.Mybrotherhasn'tdecidedtotellmethetruth.Hasyourbrotherdecidedtotellyouthetruth?Yes,hehas./No,hehasn't.特殊疑问句1.定义：以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词分为两类疑问代词：what，which，who，whom，whose疑问副词：when,where,why,how2.结构：疑问词＋一般疑问句语序？Whatdoesshelooklike﹖Whereareyoufrom﹖Howdoyouknow﹖3.注意：1.特殊疑问句有时可以有两个以上的疑问词。Whenandwhereshallwemeet?2.如疑问词作主语或主语的定语，即对主语或主语的定语提问，其语序是陈述句的语序：疑问词（＋主语）＋谓语动词＋其他成分？如：Whoissingingintheroom﹖Whosebikeisbroken﹖变特殊疑问句分为三步：一"定"：根据画线部分确定特殊疑问词，并代替画线部分。二"变"：将句子变成一般疑问句。三"提"：将特殊疑问词提前。一定：ShewillgotoCanadawhen.二变：WillshegotoCandawhen?三提：WhenwillshegotoCanada?肯定句ShewillgotoCanadanextyear.

1.Heismyfather.2.Theyareunderthetree.3.IoftenwatchTVafterdinner.Heiswho.Ishewho?

Whoishe?Theyarewhere.Aretheywhere?

Wherearethey?Ioftendowhatafterdinner.Doyouoftendowhatafterdinner?Whatdoyouoftendoafterdinner?随堂训练：用“三步法”就划线部分提问。疑问代词：who，whom，whose，which，what的用法。（1）who谁（主格），在疑问句中作主语、宾语和表语。

ThegirlisAlice.(表语)Whothegirl?isAliceisfromJapan.(主语)WhoisfromJapan?Helikes

Alice.(宾语)Whodoeshelike?(语序不变)(疑问词+一般问句)(疑问词+一般问句)（2）whom谁（宾格），在疑问句中作宾语。

Helikes

Alice.(宾语)Whomdoeshelike?Theyarelookingfor

Alice.(宾语)Whomaretheylookingfor?(疑问词+一般问句)(疑问词+一般问句)疑问代词：who，whom，whose，which，what的用法。（3）whose谁的（指所属关系），在疑问句中主要作定语，有时也可作表语。

ThisisAlice’spen.(定语)Whosepenisthis?Thispenismine.(表语)Whoseisthispen?Hispenisblue.

(定语)Whosepenisblue?(语序不变)(疑问词+一般问句)(疑问词+一般问句)疑问代词：who，whom，whose，which，what的用法。（4）which哪个、哪些(用来指对人或物在一定范围以内进行选择)，在疑问句中主要作宾语，有时也作宾语或主语。

Thegirlinredismysister.

(后置定语)Whichgirlisyoursister?(语序不变)(前置定语)Ilike

theredcoat.

(前置定语)Whichcoatdoyoulike?(Which+n.+一般问句？)疑问代词：who，whom，whose，which，what的用法。（5）what什么，通常指事物，也可询问人的职业或身份。在疑问句中主要作主语，宾语，表语或定语。Heisateacher.(表语)Whatishe?(疑问词+一般问句)Abookisonthedesk.

(主语)Whatisonthedesk？(语序不变)Hebought

abook

yesterday.

(宾语)Whatdidhebuyyesterday？(疑问词+一般问句)疑问代词：who，whom，whose，which，what的用法。疑问副词：when，where，why，how（1）when在何时。在疑问句中主要时间状语，表语。

Hewill

comeback

nextweek.(状语)Whenwillhecomeback?(疑问词+一般问句)HisbirthdaywasOctober1,1989.(表语)Whenwashisbirthday?(疑问词+一般问句)（2）where在哪、去哪。在疑问句中作地点状语，表语。

Helives

inShanghai.(状语)Wheredoeshelive?(疑问词+一般问句)Heis

inShanghai

now.

(表语)Whereishe(疑问词+一般问句)now?疑问副词：when，where，why，how（3）why为什么。在疑问句中主要原因状语。

Hestayed

athome

becausehewasill.(状语)Whydidhestay(疑问词+一般问句)athome?疑问副词：when，where，why，how（4）how怎么样，如何。在疑问句中主要方式状语、表语或(How+adj./adv…?)。

IlearnedEnglish

bymyself.(方式状语)Howdidyoulearn(疑问词+一般问句)English?Thestoryisveryinteresting.(表语)Howisthestory?YaoMingistwometers

tall.(程度状语)(疑问词+一般问句)HowtallisYaoMing?(疑问词+一般问句)疑问副词：when，where，why，how补充：1.Iwantred.

Whatcolourdoyouwant?2.I’minClass5.

Whatclassareyouin？3.I’dliketojointhemusicclub.

Whatclubwouldyouliketojoin?4.IwantsizeM.

Whatsizedoyouwant?5.IcanspeakEnglish.

Whatlanguagecanyouspeak?短语含义用法回答howlong多久；多长提问一段时间；物体的长度for+时间段，since+时间点；物体长度howsoon多久以后提问某个动作要多久发生或结束in+时间段howfar多远提问距离数词+距离量词;fiveminutes'walk/ridehowoften多久一次问频度onceaweek等表频度的短语；everyday等表频度的时间状语howmany多少提问可数名词的量后接可数名词复数数词（+名词）howmuch多少提问不可数名词的量后接不可数名词；问价格修饰不可数名词的形容词，或数词+量词+不可数名词；价钱数howold多少岁问年龄数词+year（s）等old补充：特殊疑问句的答语重点是对疑问词的回答，因此，不能用yes或no。在回答时，可以用一个词或短语，也可以用一个较完整的句子。1.—Whohasborrowedyourbook?

(Jack)

—Jackhasborrowedmybook.

2.—Whenwasheborn?

(2004)

—Hewasbornin2004.

3.—Whereishenow?

(Shanghai)

—HeisinShanghainow.

therebe句型结构：“Therebe+主语+状语”含义：用来表示“在……有……”的存在关系；倒装句的一种，be动词在主语之前，there只是引导词，并无实际含义。Thereisakiteinthesky.注意：Therebe句型中，be动词可替换成表示“存在、具有”等意思的动词lie,stand,live,come等。Therelivedabigfamilyhere.1.就近原则：Therebe句型中，谓语动词和后面的主语在单复数方面保持一致。如果有两个或更多的主语，则与离动词最近的那个主语保持一致。Thereissomemilkandapplesonthetable.Therearesomeapplesandmilkonthetable.2.Therebe句型的否定句式和疑问句式。否定句式：直接在be动词后接not，或者no.Thereisn'tanymilkinthefridge.Thereisnomilkinthefridge.一般疑问句：be动词提前到句首，some变any，其它照抄，