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INDUSTRIES
&
MARKETSIndustry
4.0:
in-depth
marketanalysisMarket
Insights
reportMarch
2024Management
summary
(1/2)Industry
4.0
or
the
fourth
industrial
revolution
is
quite
simply
the
use
of
digitaltechnologies
inthemanufacturing
process
to
producehigher-quality
goods
atreduced
costs.
Even
though
developments
inelectronics
and
informationtechnology
have
resulted
intheautomation
ofmanufacturing
processes
since
theThe
digitalization
of
manufacturing
across
industries
has
resultedin
the
emergenceofservice-based
revenue
models
to
complementthealready
existing
product-based
models.
Digital
technologies
have
also
begun
to
usher
in
an
era
ofcustomization
at
amuch
lower
costinboth
the
B2C
and
B2B
segments.
Over
theearly
1970s,
it
is
only
the
recentadvances
in
digital
technologies
that
arebeginning
lastfew
years,
global
manufacturers
such
as
Adidas
and
Nike
have
started
movingto
extend
thescopeof
disruption.
Companies
arenow
experiencing
major
benefits
their
production
centers
away
from
low-cost
countries,
closer
to
theconsumer.in
terms
of
lower
costs,
improved
efficiencies,
increased
yield,
mass
customization,
Further,
emphasis
is
now
beingplaced
on
creating
an
agile
and
flexible
productionand
most
importantly,
newrevenueand
business
models.process
through
theuseof
modularized
systems
that
can
bereconfigured
inquicktime.Digital
technologies
aredisrupting
all
elements
of
the
value
chain
including
productdesign,
supply
chain,
manufacturing,
and
customer
experience,
while
creating
new
Digital
technologies
areincreasingly
being
customized
to
serve
theneeds
acrossbusiness
models.
Global
manufacturing
giants
such
as
Germany,
France,
theU.S.,Japan,
and
Mainland
China
have
all
launched
government-backed
strategicinitiatives
to
digitalize
production
across
various
industries.
Eventhough
therearemanytechnologies
currently
playing
a
role
in
Industry
4.0
and
the
smart
factory,
forthe
purpose
of
this
report,
we
have
focused
on
five
keyones:
additivemanufacturing,
artificial
intelligence
(AI),
robotics,
internet
of
things
(IoT),
andaugmented
and
virtual
reality
(AR/VR).multiple
industries
with
maximum
application
being
witnessed
in
automotive,healthcare,
aerospaceand
defense
(A&D),
chemicals,
and
consumer
goods.2Management
summary
(2/2)The
automotive
industry
is
witnessing
rapid
digital
adoptionwith
benefits
including
Companies
from
various
fields
including
information
technology,
automobile,faster
time
to
market
and
lower
costs.
TheAerospaceand
Defenseindustry
alsoheavy
engineering,
defense,
chemical,
sports
and
personal
goodsareusinghas
oneof
the
highest
rates
of
digital
adoption
owing
to
thesheer
complexity
of
its
advanced
digital
automation
technologies
to
further
their
business
goals.value
chain.
Digitalization
in
healthcareis
centered
around
medical
devices
andpharmaceuticals.
Eventhough
thechemical
and
consumer
goods
industries
arelatebloomers,
theyarenow
notonly
transforming
production
butalso
creatingsmartsupply
chains
and
new
business
models.California-based
Anaplan
provides
cloudplanning
platform
to
run
planning
andprediction
iterations
over
thecloud.
Automobile
companies
Audi
and
BMW
areusing
digital
manufacturing
technologies
such
as
3D
printing,
assistantdrones,Automated
GuidedVehicles
(AGVs),
and
autonomous
tugger
trains
to
reducetimetaken
fordesign,
prototyping,
and
manufacturing.
Tesla,
theEV
leader
intheindustry,
is
planning
to
further
its
digital
transformation
goals
through
itsGigafactory.
Not
only
does
the
companyaim
to
build
a
smart
automobile,
butitalso
plans
to
use
smart
manufacturing
methods.
Other
leading
companies
includeAirbus,
BASF,
Carbon,
Lockheed
Martin,
and
Siemens.Alargepartofleading
startups
arefrom
theU.S.,
with
amajority
of
them
basedinCalifornia.
Relativity
Space
received
US$1.3
billion
in
2023,
more
than
anyotherstartup
at
the
time.
Thecompany,
which
is
primarily
a
provider
of
3D
printingservices,
is
backed
by
key
investors
such
as
Fidelity
Management
and
ResearchCompany,
Tiger
Global
Management,
Bond,
and
TribeCapital.
DataRobotis
anotherkey
automation
startup
that
managed
to
secureapproximately
US$1
billion
infunding.
Large
manufacturing
companies
such
as
ABB,
OMRON
Corporation,Schneider
Electric,
Siemens,
ST
Engineering,
Teradyne,and
Tesla
are
acquiringsmaller
companies
in
order
to
leverage
their
technological
expertise
and
decreasetheir
learning
curve.3Table
of
contents
(1/2)Management
summaryTableof
contentsVirtual
and
augmented
realityDigital
twins5461Healthcare103108110Chemical
industryConsumer
goods03
Trends01
IntroductionOverviewService-based
revenue
modelsMass
customizationSmart
manufacturingBackshoring64677073757805
Startups:
Funding
and
M&AGlobal
fundingin
startupsMergers&
acquisition071314113123Industrial
evolutionImpact
of
digitalizationModular
workstationsIndustry
5.006
Competitive
landscape02
TechnologyAirbusAnaplanAudi128130131134135139140Overview252729304048Network
readiness
indexPatents04
Industry
analysisIndustry
4.0investmentLevel
of
digitalizationAutomotive80818289BASFAdditivemanufacturingArtificial
intelligenceand
roboticsInternet
ofthingsBMWCarbonTeslaAerospace&
defense4Table
of
contents
(2/2)Lockheed
MartinSiemens14114307
AppendixAuthors145146Glossary5CHAPTER
01IntroductionIndustry
4.0
or
the
fourthindustrial
revolution
refers
to
the
use
of
digital
technologies
in
themanufacturing
process
to
produce
higher-quality
goods
at
reduced
costs.
Even
though
developments
inelectronics
and
information
technology
have
resulted
in
the
automation
of
manufacturing
processessince
the
early
1970s,
it
is
only
the
recent
advances
in
digital
technologies
that
are
beginning
to
extendthe
scope
of
disruption.Companies
are
now
experiencing
major
benefits
in
terms
of
lower
costs,
improved
efficiencies,
increasedyield,
mass
customization,
and
most
importantly,
new
revenue
and
business
models.Digital
manuf
ac
t
ur
ing
is
rapidly
reducing
costs
&
improv
ing
qualityOverview
(1/6)Industry
4.0
or
the
fourth
industrial
revolution,
a
term
initially
published
by
theGerman
governmentduring
theHannover
Trade
Fair
in
2011,
refers
to
the
useofdigital
technologies
inthemanufacturing
process
to
producehigher-quality
goodsat
reduced
costs.
Even
though
developments
inelectronics
and
informationtechnology
have
resulted
intheautomation
ofmanufacturing
processes
since
theearly
1960s,
it
is
only
the
recentadvances
in
digital
technologies
that
arebeginningto
extend
thescopeof
disruption.added
connectivity
to
previously
unconnected
products.
Even
though
Industry
4.0
isaglobal
conceptand
encompasses
thesametechnologies,
therearesubtledifferences
in
how
its
viewed
in
countries
around
theworld.In
the
U.S.,
for
example,
it
refers
to
a
more
holistic
digital
evolution
with
manycompanies
using
the
term
digital
supply
network,
thereby
including
all
aspects
ofthe
value
chain
such
as
partners,
suppliers,
customers,the
workforce,
andoperations.
In
Europe,
however,
where
the
term
Industry
4.0
originated,
itessentially
revolves
around
theapplication
ofthesetechnologies
in
thefactory.Thelastdecadehas
witnessed
rapid
advancements
in
technologies
such
as
theInternet
of
Things
(IoT),
artificial
intelligence
(AI),
robotics,
mobile,
cloud
computing,big
data
analytics,
additive
manufacturing
(3D
printing),
and
virtual
and
augmentedreality
(VR/AR).
Thesetechnologies,
woven
together
by
themassive
proliferation
ofbig
data,
generated
mostly
by
connected
devices
(IoT),
are
blurring
thelinesbetween
thephysical,
digital,
and
biological
aspects
of
global
production
systems.Industry
4.0
also
risks
creating
sharper
inequalities
between
developing
anddeveloped
countries.
Prior
to
the
19th
century,
there
was
not
much
incomedisparity
across
countries.
Today,
according
to
estimates
by
the
World
EconomicForum
(WEF),the
average
gapin
per-capita
income
between
the
developing
anddeveloped
world
is
over
US$40,000.Companies
arenow
experiencing
major
benefits
interms
of
lower
costs,
improvedefficiencies,
increased
yield,
mass
customization,
and
mostimportantly
newrevenueand
business
models.
For
example,
inaddition
to
physical
objects,companies
arenow
selling
data
and
services,
while
technologies
such
as
IoThave7Sources:
WorldEconomicForum;
DeloitteGlobal
industrial
production
has
increased
by
2.6%
over
the
last
decadeOverview
(2/6)Global
industrial
production
in
billion
US$(1)+2.6%(2)19.60022.00021.40020.60020.30019.80018.90018.50018.20017.60017.10016.60015.80020102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120228Notes:(1)
WBG
member
countries,seasonallyadjustedfigures
(2)
CAGR:
CompoundAnnualGrowthRateSources:
WorldBankThe
foundation
that
was
established
during
Industry
4.0
has
paved
the
way
forIndustry
5.0Overview
(3/6)Thefirst
industrial
revolution
or
Industry
1.0
can
be
traced
back
to
the
end
of
thepressure
to
reduce
costs
resultedin
companies
shifting
their
manufacturing
bases18th
centurywith
theintroduction
ofmechanical
productionfacilities
in
theform
of
to
low-cost
countries
and
thesubsequentformation
oftheconceptofsupply
chainwater
and
steam-powered
engines,
duelargely
to
theefforts
ofJames
Watt.
Thisrevolution
laid
thefoundation
fortheshiftfrom
individual
cottagebusinessesserving
theneeds
of
only
afew,
to
larger
organizations
as
we
know
them
today.This
stageessentially
marked
thebeginning
of
modern-day
industry
culturewithgreater
emphasis
onquality
and
efficiencies.
Thebeginning
ofthe20th
centurymanagement.
Itwas
inthis
time
thatGeneral
Motors
started
its
manufacturingoperations
using
electricity
andmoving
assembly
lines.
The
rapid
evolution
of
theInternet,
connected
systems,
and
other
digital
technologies
such
as
artificialintelligence,
robotics,
additive
manufacturing,
bigdata
analytics,
and
cloudcomputing,
ushered
in
the
fourth
industrial
revolution
or
Industry
4.0.
This
stageushered
inthesecond
industrial
revolution
or
Industry
2.0
with
theuseofelectricity
resulted
in
the
blurring
of
the
boundaries
between
thephysical
and
thevirtualas
the
primary
power
source,
resulting
in
the
mass
production
of
goods
usingassembly
lines.
Even
though
electrical
energy
was
already
being
used
in
homes,itsuse
in
machines
made
manufacturing
faster
and
more
cost-effective.
This
era
alsosaw
the
advent
of
principles
such
as
just-in-time
and
lean
manufacturing
whichfurther
optimized
the
manufacturing
processes.world
with
the
emergence
of
Cyber-Physical
Systems
(CPS)
and
smart
machines.CPS
have
not
only
connected
machineswith
each
other
but
have
also
networkedthem
to
production
plants,
fleets
and
even
human
beings,
thereby
radically
alteringthe
manufacturing
process.Thefoundation
thatwas
established
duringIndustry
4.0
has
paved
theway
forIndustry
5.0,
extending
beyond
digitalization
to
include
key
elements
such
assustainabilityand
human-centricity.
In
the
context
of
Industry
5.0,
the
objective
is
toachieve
results
that
go
beyond
what
machines
or
humans
can
accomplishindividually.The
third
industrial
evolution,
or
Industry
3.0,
started
in
the
1970s
with
the
use
ofelectronic
devices
such
as
transistors
and
integrated
circuit
chips
and
software,
inorder
to
create
the
first-ever
fully
automated
machines.
This
resultedin
reducedeffort,
increased
speed,
better
accuracy,
and
the
first
instances
of
completeautonomyin
the
manufacturing
process.
Further,
the
increase
in
competition
and9Sources:
Deloitte;
McKinsey;
PwC;
WorldEconomicForum;
Financial
expressMajor
countries
promote
digitized
manuf
ac
t
ur
ingOverview
(4/6)Over
the
past
few
years,
global
manufacturing
powerhouses
in
countries
such
asGermany,
theU.S.,
Mainland
China,
and
Japan
have
each
launched
initiatives
topromote
digital
transformation
intheir
manufacturing
processes.embedded
software
and
systems,
satellite
electric
propulsion,
green
chemistry
andbiofuels,
cloud
computing,
nano-electronics,
augmented
reality,
robotics,
andconnected
devices
amongothers.Germany
–
Industry
4.0U.S.
–
The
National
Network
for
ManufacturingInnovation
(NNMI)Launched
in
2013
as
one
of
10
“Future
Projects”
identified
by
the
Germangovernment
as
part
ofits
high-tech
strategy,
Industry
4.0
aims
to
create
smartLaunchedin
2016,
NNMI,
also
known
as
Manufacturing
U.S.A,
is
expected
to
resultin
45
innovation
centers
throughout
the
country
to
develop
smart
manufacturingfactories
and
manufacturing
innovation
centers
across
the
country.
Named
for
the
technologies.
Some
of
the
areas
of
focus
include
additive
manufacturing,expectation
that
it
will
usher
in
the
fourth
industrial
age,
the
strategy
essentially
manufacturing
of
lightweight
materials
and
developing
integrated
photonics.
Therepresents
a
paradigm
shiftfrom
centralized
to
decentralized
smart
manufacturing
federal
departmentinitially
allocated
US$1.2
billion
to
this
program,
with
anand
production.
Some
of
the
institutionsdriving
technological
disruption
inGermany’s
Industry
4.0
program
include
Industry-Science
Research
Alliance,Acatech
–
National
Academy
of
Science
and
Engineering,
DFKI,
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft,
Platform
Industrie4.0,
and
SmartFactoryKL.additional
US$2.4
billion
provided
by
the
non-federal
institute
partners.
TheDepartment
of
Defense
(DoD),
the
Department
of
Energy,
and
the
National
Instituteof
Standards
and
Technology
were
the
first
recipients.Japan
–
Society
5.0France
–
New
Industrial
FranceLaunchedin
2016,
this
societal
transformation
plan
focuses
on
developingsolutions
in
the
areas
of
IoT,
artificial
intelligence
cyber-physical
systems
(CPS),additive
manufacturing,
new
energy
vehicles,
robots,
virtual
and
augmented
realityand
data
analytics.Also
launched
in
2013,
this
policy
outlines
plans
for
34
new
industrial
projectsacrossa
range
of
industries
such
as
next
generation
high-speed
trains,
electricaircraft,
autonomous
cars,
smart
textile,
factories
of
the
future,
battery
power,10Sources:
Cabinet
Office
of
Japan;
Center
For
Strategic
&InternationalStudies;
CongressionalResearch
Service;
HuaweiChina
promotes
digitized
manuf
ac
tur
in
g
under
‘’Made
in
China
2025’’
policyOverview
(5/6)Mainland
China
–
Made
in
China
2025Mainland
China
aims
to
create
40
manufacturing
innovation
centers
by
2025.
Theareas
of
focus
include
automated
machinetools
&
robotics,
new
advancedinformation
technology,
aerospace
and
aeronautical
equipment,
maritimeequipment
and
high-tech
shipping,
modern
rail
transport
equipment,new
energyvehicles
and
equipment,power
equipment,
agricultural
equipment,new
materials,and
biopharma
and
advanced
medical
products.11Sources:
Cabinet
Office
of
Japan;
Center
For
Strategic
&InternationalStudies;
CongressionalResearch
Service;
HuaweiThe
Industry
4.0
value
chain
is
spread
across
various
functionsOverview
(6/6)Industry
4.0
value
chainOperationsDesignand
engineeringSupport
servicesActivities
valuechainInboundProductionOutbound•Production
planning
andscheduling•Orderprocessing
andfulfilmentTransportation
and
logisticsAftermarketservicesSales
and
distributionWarehouse
management•••Planning••••Demand
planning••Finance••MRP
I
and
IIProduct
engineeringTechnical
feasibility
andprototypingInventory
managementProcurement••••Human
resourcemanagementMarketingManufacturing
and
ITsupportQuality
controland
wastemanagementTransportation
and
logistics••Matured
technologySupporting
technologyEmerging
technologyTechnology••••••••••••3D
printing5Gand
beyondcomponentsvalue
chainAssetmanagement•••••••••Artificial
intelligence
and
analyticsAugmented
reality
and
virtualrealityBlockchainERP•••Cloud
computingCybersecurityIndustrial
automation(Scope:
Enablingtechnologies
forIndustry
4.0)MESPLMRoboticsSCADAMicroservices,
as-a-servicemodelCobotsDigital
twin•Other
BPS
and
ITapplicationsDroneGenerative
designIndustrial
internet
ofthingsQuantum
computingEdge
computingManufacturing
SCMOthersWorkforceDigital-ready
workforce
toenable
and
drive
new
operating
models,innovative
business
models,and
applications
ofnew
age
technologies12Sources:
AccentureIndustry
5.0
is
expected
to
digitalize
the
entire
manuf
ac
t
ur
ing
ecosystemIndustrial
evolutionIndustrial
evolution
timelineIndustrial
evolution
themes
and
featuresRevolution
Theme
Key
featuresIndustry
5.0Human-robotco-workingFirst
program-mable
logiccontrol(PLC)system
–Mechanical
production
powered
by
waterandsteampowerIndustry
1.0Industry
2.0Mechanical
productionIntroduction
ofassembly
lines
and
use
of
electricalIndustry
4.0Cyber-physicalsystems
(CPS)Modicon
084(1969);RFID(1)(1999)energyIntroduction
oftelegraphy
in
1840and
telephony
inFirst
assemblyMass
productionApplication
of
IT1880line
–1870(Cincinnati
meat-packingFord
used
‘Taylorism’(2)
to
implement
car
assemblyIndustry
3.0Application
of
ITlineindustries)Use
ofelectronics,
IT,
and
industrial
robotics
toimprove
automation
of
productionFirst
micro-computerin
1971Industry
3.0First
mechanical
Industry
2.0weaving
loom-1784Mass
productionApple
founded
in
1976Digital
supply
chainDigital
products,
services,
and
new
business
modelsAutonomous
machines
and
virtual
environmentsCyber-physicalIndustry
1.0MechanicalproductionIndustry
4.0Industry
5.0production
systemsHuman-robot
co-workingHuman-centricitySustainabilityEnd
of
18thCenturyBeginning
of20th
CenturyStart
of
1970s2010-ongoingOngoing13
Notes:(1)
Radio-frequencyidentificationtechnology:
has
been
inuse
since
1999
and
was
a
very
early
form
ofCPS
(2)
Taylorism-
Named
after
the
U.S.
industrialengineer
Frederick
Winslow
Taylor,
thistheorylaid
downthefundamental
principles
of
large
scale
manufacturing
throughassembly
line
factoriesSources:
Deloitte;
PwC;
AgileIntel
ResearchDigitalization
effects
all
parts
of
the
industrial
ecosystemImpact
of
digitalization
(1/8)Industrial
ecosystemManufacturingplants•
Higher
efficiencies
leading
to
lowercosts,
less
machine
downtime,
higheryield
and
faster
productionSupport
and
maintenanceEnd
users•
Remote
and
on-site
support
helps•
Personalized
products•
Timely
delivery•
Lower
pricesdecrease
machine
downtime•
Intelligent
devices
harness
allinformation
from
existing
machinecomponent
sensors•
Predictive
maintenanceprevents
faultsand
creates
new
revenue
streams•
Real
time
data
analysis
enablesimprovements
in
both
processes
andmachine
design•
Real
time
data
transfers
between
allmachinesData
centerOEMsSupply
chain•
Create
value
with
new
revenue
streams•
Connectedand
improved
machine
design•
Real
time
information
flow•
Just-in-time
deliveries:
reduced
inventories•
Pay
per
use:
chargefor
time
use•
Pay
per
outcome:
charge
per
unitproduced14Sources:
KPMG;
PwCKey
enabling
technologies
of
Industry
5.0
include
cobots
and
6G
among
othersImpact
of
digitalization
(2/8)••••Lowerlatency••••Intelligent
automationGreater
efficiencyQuality
controlIncreasedcybersecurityExpanded
interoperabilityReduced
Storage
costsEdgeComput-ingQuick
decision
makingAI••••Customization••••IncreasedProductivityRobustnessEnhanced
dexterityMore
consistent,accurateFaster,
betterdecision
makingFostercompetitive
pricingReal-time
forecastingBig
DataAnalyticsCobotsKey
EnablingTechnologies
ofIndustry
5.0••••AssetProductivity••••Knowledge
discoverySmart
resource
managementLow
latencyCost
ReductionSupply-chain
&LogisticsReflect
Intelligence
in
networkInternetof
EveryThings6GandBeyondUltra
high
reliability••••DecentralizedmanagementOperationaltransparencyCreate
digital
Identities••••Reduced
CostPredicting
future
errorsDesigncustomizationPredective
maintenanceBlock-chainDigitalTwinsCompartmentalized
Approach15Sources:
MDPIDigitalization
has
catalyzed
the
shift
from
mass
productionImpact
of
digitalization
(3/8)Mass
customizationthrough
process
efficienciesOne
such
example
is
NikeID
which
provides
customized
trainers
primarily
formillennials
by
using
just-in-time
production
and
demand
flow
technologies.Another
example
is
Under
Armour’s
ArchiTechline
which
utilizes
3D
printedmidsoles
and
software
such
as
Autodesk
to
notonly
createspecific
designrequirements
at
lower
costs
butalso
minimize
waste.
Adidas
is
thepioneer
of
3Dprinting
intheindustry
andis
now
usingthis
technology
to
provide
masscustomization
to
its
consumers
and
accelerateproductdevelopment.
In
2023,Adidas
launched
newdesigns
for
its
highly
popular
3D
printed
footwear
collection,the
"Adidas4D"
series.
Thisline
showcasesa
3D-printed
midsole
created
by
theU.S.-based
companyCarbon.
The
uniquedesign
of
the
midsole
provides
runnerswith
a
continuous
and
seamless
forward
transition.
Adidas’s
factory
in
China
isequippedwith
Carbon
3D
printers,
producing
significant
quantities
of
premiumfootwear.One
of
the
key
themes
of
Industry
4.0
is
theshiftfrom
mass
production
to
massproduct
personalization,
resulting
in
on-demand
production
anda
reductioninexcess
inventory.
Industry
5.0
follows
along
the
lines
of
this
theme,
placing
a
strongemphasis
on
the
harmonious
collaboration
between
technology
and
humanexpertise.
This
partnership
is
strategicallyharnessed
to
realize
the
objective
ofwidespread
personalization
in
manufacturing.
Manufacturers
are
now
lessconcernedwith
producing
at
alargescaleto
drive
down
unitcosts.
Eventhough
thebasic
principle
of
decreasing
productcosts
still
exists,
thefocus
has
moved
tooptimizing
and
standardizing
capital
and
physical
assets
to
realizeefficiencies.
Whatfurther
drives
this
trend
is
the
willingness
of
customers
to
payapremium
forpersonalized
products:
According
to
aFeb
2023
PwC
survey
which
included
nearly9,000
customers
across
25
countries,
over
70%
of
therespondents
were
willing
topay
a
higher
price
for
sustainably
produced
goods
“to
some
or
to
a
great
extent.”Interestingly,
it
is
not
only
large
companieswith
significant
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