全球科技研发行业市场前景及投资研究报告-培训课件外文版2024.5马斯克特斯拉苹果

INDUSTRIES

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MARKETSResearchanddevelopment(R&D)worldwideCHAPTER

01GlobalR&DspendingTotalglobalspendingonresearchanddevelopment(R&D)from1996to2022(inbillionU.S.dollars)TotalglobalR&Dspending1996-20223,0002,5002,0001,5001,0002,475.72,348.22,215.22,232.572,094.771,969.421,890.011,824.381,733.761,628.311,539.881,433.931,369.521,319.051,217.531,111.551,007.5923.73867.61821.73787.69740.78672.59624.64594.69555.0550004Description:Researchanddevelopment(R&D)spendingwasforecasttoreachover2.47trillionU.S.dollarsgloballyin2022(oncelocalcurrenciesareconvertedforpurchasingpowerparity).ThiscomparestoaroundonetrillionU.S.dollarsin2005,andaround555billionU.S.dollarsin1996.Spendingdecreasedsomewhatin2020followingtheoutbreakofCOVID-19,butincreasedagainin2021andwasforecasttodosoin2022too.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1996to2022Source(s):R&DWORLD;UNESCOInstituteforStatisticsGrossdomesticspendingonresearchanddevelopment(R&D)inG7countriesandChinafrom2000to2022,bycountry(inbillionU.S.dollars)GrossdomesticR&DspendinginG7countriesandChina2000-2022CanadaChinaFranceGermanyItalyJapanUnitedKingdomUnitedStates80070060050040030020010002000

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20225Description:In2020,grossdomesticspendingonresearchanddevelopment(R&D)inChinacameclosestthatoftheUnitedStates,reaching563.3billionU.S.dollars,comparedto672billionU.S.dollarsintheUnitedStates.Inthatyear,Japancameadistantthird,spending167billionU.S.dollarsonR&D.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2000to2022Source(s):OECDLeadingcountriesbygrossresearchanddevelopment(R&D)expenditureworldwidein2022(inbillionU.S.dollars)LeadingcountriesbyR&Dspendingworldwide2022ExpenditureinbillionU.S.dollars300

4000100200500600700800UnitedStatesChina679.4551.1Japan182.2GermanySouthKoreaFrance143.1106.168.565.254.952.2IndiaUnitedKingdomRussiaBrazil37Italy35.631.9Taiwan6Description:Accordingtotheforecastfor2022,theUnitedStateswillbetheleadingcountryworldwideintermsofspendingonresearchanddevelopment,withR&Aexpenditureexceeding679billionU.S.dollars.Chinaisexpectedtoinvestabout551.1billionU.S.dollarsintoresearchanddevelopment.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021;DerivedfrompurchasingpowerparitycalculationsSource(s):R&DWORLDLeadingcountriesbyresearchanddevelopment(R&D)expenditureasshareofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)worldwidein2022LeadingcountriesbyR&DspendingasshareofGDPglobally2022ShareofGDP0.0%Israel0.5%1.0%1.5%2.0%2.5%3.0%3.5%4.0%4.5%5.0%4.8%SouthKoreaSwitzerlandGermanySweden4.5%3.37%3.31%3.31%3.3%JapanAustria3.2%3.07%3.04%UnitedStatesDenmarkFinland2.8%7Description:In2022,Israelisexpectedtoinvesttheequivalentof4.8percentofthecountry'sGDPintoresearchanddevelopment.InSouthKorea,theexpenditureonR&Aispredictedtoamountto4.5percentoftheirGDP.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021;DerivedfrompurchasingpowerparitycalculationsSource(s):R&DWORLDRankingofthecompanieswiththehighestspendingonresearchanddevelopmentworldwidein2022(inbillionU.S.dollars)Companieswiththehighestspendingonresearchanddevelopment2022Expenditure(inbillionU.S.dollars)01020304050607080AmazonMeta73.2135.34Alphabet28.8Apple26.25Huawei23.222.7MicrosoftSamsung18.1717.7TencentHoldingsIntelCorp.Volkswagen17.5317.18Description:Amazonspentthemostonresearchanddevelopmentinthefiscalyear2022,withover73billionU.S.dollars.Meta,Alphabet,Apple,andHuaweiroundedoutthetopfiveofcompanieswiththehighestR&Dspendingthatyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):InsiderMonkey;MacrotrendsPercentageofspendingonresearchanddevelopmentoftotalrevenuein2021,byindustrialsectorIndustrysectors-expenditureonresearchanddevelopment2021R&Dshareoftotalrevenue4%

6%0%2%8%10%12%14%HealthindustriesICTservices12.4%9.3%ICTproducts7%Automobiles&othertransportsTotal4.9%4.7%AerospaceanddefenseFinancial3.9%2.7%2.6%OthersIndustrials2.5%Chemicals2.4%Construction2.3%Energy0.5%9Description:Thisstatisticrepresentsthepercentageofexpenditureonresearchanddevelopmentoftotalrevenuein2021,byindustrialsector.Thedatawasgeneratedfromthenumbersofthe2,500topcompaniesworldwide.In2021,spendingonresearchanddevelopmentaccountedformorethan12percentofthetotalrevenueinthehealthindustries.ReadmoreNote(s):WorldwideSource(s):EFPIA;EuropeanCommission;R&DScoreboardDistributionofresearchanddevelopment(R&D)spendingworldwidein2021,byenduseDistributionofR&Dexpenditureglobally2021,byenduseCapitalspending13%Outsourcing12%Salaries30%Suppliesandconsumables13%Overhead12%Materials20%10Description:Researchersalariesmadeupthelargestshareofthespendingofresearchanddevelopmentcompaniesworldwidein2021,reaching30percent.Thisfigureisonlyexpectedtoincreaseinthecomingyearsfollowingtherisingglobalinflation.Materialcostsmadeupthesecondhighestshareofexpensesat20percent.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;Spring2022;R&DWorldreadesSource(s):R&DWORLDCHAPTER

02IndustryandgeographicdistributionMostinnovativecountriesin2022,byglobalinnovationindexscoreMostinnovativecountriesbyGIIscore2022OverallGIIscore(0-100)010203040506070SwitzerlandUnitedStatesSweden64.661.861.6UnitedKingdomNetherlandsRepublicofKoreaSingaporeGermany59.75857.857.357.256.9FinlandDenmark55.955.35553.6ChinaFranceJapan12/statistics/1102558/most-innovative-countries-gii-scoreAccordingtothetheGlobalInnovationIndex(GII)in2022,Switzerlandwasthemostinnovativecountryintheworld,withanoverallGIIscoreof64.6outof100.TheUnitedStatesrankedsecond,withascoreof61.8,whileSwedenfollowedrightbehind.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):WIPOShareofanddevelopment(R&D)spendingin2020,byregionandindustryR&Dspendingsharesbyregionandindustry2020USAEUJapanChinaRestoftheworld120%100%80%60%40%20%0%Aerospace

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IndustrialsOthersandDefense&othertransport13Description:In2020,companiesbasedintheUnitedStatesstoodbehindthehighestglobalspendingonresearchanddevelopment(R&D)withinsoftwareproducts,hardwareproducts,health,andaerospaceanddefense.Moreover,ChinacompletelydominatesR&Dspendingonconstruction,amountingtoover80percentofworldwidespending.Lookinatsinglecompanies,AmazonspentthehighestamountonR&Din2020.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2020Source(s):EuropeanCommissionAverageresearchintensityofOECDcountriesin2018,byindustryResearchintensitybyindustryinOECDcountries2018Researchintensity0%2%4%6%8%10%12%14%16%15.96%18%Electronic&opticalproducts*Air&spacecraft*Pharmaceuticals*TotalmanufacturingMining&quarryingServices13.12%13.28%5.05%0.77%0.89%Utilities0.41%0.38%0.2%Agriculture,forestry&fishingConstruction14Description:Onaverage,electronicandopticalproductswerethemostresearch-intensiveinOECDcountriesin2018,withresearchanddevelopmentexpenditureconstituting15.96%ofthegrossvalueaddedbybusinessesinthissector.Constructionwasthelowestresearchintensiveindustry,witharesearchintensityof0.2percentinthisyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2018**;*Sub-categoriesofmanufacturing,soarealsoincludedinthevaluefortotalmanufacturing.**2018orlatestyearavailable.Researchintensityiscalculatedasbusinessexpenditureonresearchanddevelopmentasa[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):OECDExportsofhighresearchanddevelopment(R&D)intensiveproductsfrom2005to2018,bycountry(inbillionU.S.dollars)ExportsofhighR&Dintensiveproductsbycountry2005-2018UnitedStatesEuropeanUnionChinaJapanOtherselectedAsiaRestoftheWorld1,00090080070060050040030020010002005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201815Description:Between2005and2018,ChineseexportsofR&Dintensiveproductsincreasedfrom227.75billionU.S.dollarsto647.8billionU.S.dollars,makingtheirexportmarketthelargestofanysinglecountry.However,takentogether,thevalueoftheEuropeanUnionR&Dintensiveexportmarketishigher,amountingto862.1billionU.S.dollarsin2018.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2005to2018Source(s):NCSES;OxfordEconomicsExportsofmedium-highresearchanddevelopment(R&D)intensiveproductsfrom2005to2018,bycountry(inbillionU.S.dollars)Exportsofmedium-highR&Dintensiveproductsbycountry2005-2018UnitedStatesEuropeanUnionChinaJapanOtherselectedAsiaRestoftheWorld3,0002,5002,0001,5001,00050002005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201816Description:TheEuropeanUnionhasafarlargerexportmarketformedium-highresearchanddevelopment(R&D)intensiveproductsthananyothercountry,amountingto2.5trillionU.S.dollarsin2018.Thiscomparestoaround696.88billionU.S.dollarsforChina,and588.75billionU.S.dollarsfortheUnitedStatesinthesameyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2005to2018Source(s):NCSES;OxfordEconomicsCHAPTER

03Pharmaceuticals&healthcareTotalglobalspendingonpharmaceuticalresearchanddevelopmentfrom2014to2028(inbillionU.S.dollars)TotalglobalpharmaceuticalR&Dspending2014-20283503002503022962892812722622492442111942001501005018517116115114502014201520162017201820192020202120222023*2024202520262027202818Description:In2022,researchanddevelopmentspendinginthepharmaceuticalindustrytotaledsome244billionU.S.dollarsglobally.Forcomparison,R&Dexpenditurestotaled137billiondollarsin2012.PharmaceuticalR&Dincludesallstepsfromtheinitialresearchofdiseaseprocesses,thecompoundtestingoverpre-clinical,andallclinicaltrialstages.Atacertainpointintheprocess-mostlyduringthepre-clinicalphase-agovernmentalauthorityisinvolvedtooverview,regulate,andultimately[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asofAugust2023;*Allvaluesareprojectedfrom2023on.ReadmoreSource(s):EvaluateDistributionofpharmaceuticalR&Dcompaniesworldwidebycountryasof2023DistributionofpharmaceuticalR&Dcompaniesbyregion2023ShareofR&DcompaniesUnitedStatesRestofEuropeChina43%15%13%RestofAsiaPacificUnitedKingdomCanada11%5%4%3%3%2%1%JapanFranceGermanyLatinAmericaandAfrica19Description:ThisstatisticshowsthedistributionofpharmaceuticalR&Dcompaniesworldwidebycountryorregion,asofJanuary2023.Asofthatmoment,43percentofallpharmaceuticalR&DcompanieswereheadquarteredintheUnitedStates.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asofJanuary2023Source(s):PharmaIntelligence(Citeline)Leading50globalpharmaceuticalcompaniesbyprescriptionsalesandR&Dspendingin2022(inbillionU.S.dollars)Top50pharmaceuticalcompanies-RxsalesandR&Dspending2022Sales/spendinginbillionU.S.dollarsResearchanddevelopmentspending20

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6001070809010012.38Pfizer(U.S.)AbbVie(U.S.)91.36.4456.1814.14Johnson&Johnson(U.S.)Novartis(Switzerland)Merck&Co.(U.S.)Roche(Switzerland)BristolMyersSquibb(U.S.)AstraZeneca(UK)Sanofi(France)50.179.0950.0849.6311.8414.7847.9145.4210.029.57.166.344.74.974340.3538.25GSK(UK)Takeda(Japan)GileadSciences(U.S.)29.6926.6220Description:Thetop50pharmaceuticalcompaniesbyprescriptionsalesin2022-andtheirresearchanddevelopment(R&D)spending-includedbignamessuchasPfizer,Novartis,andAbbVie.Duringthatyear,Pfizer'sRxsaleswereapproximately91billiondollars.Thus,theAmericanpharmagiantwasboththelargestpharmaceuticalcompanybasedonpurepharmarevenueworldwideandthethirdrankedpharmaceuticalcompanybasedonR&Dspending.Pfizerspent12.38billionU.S.dollarson[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):WorldwideSource(s):Evaluate(EvaluatePharma);PharmaceuticalExecutive;Varioussources(companydata)Selectleadingglobalbiotechnologycompanies'R&Dexpenditurein2022(inmillionU.S.dollars)Topglobalbiotechcompanies-R&Dexpenditure2022R&DexpenditureinmillionU.S.dollars02,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,00014,00016,00018,00020,000Roche(Switzerland)*BristolMyersSquibb(U.S.)AbbVie(U.S.)17,3489,5096,510GileadSciences(U.S.)Amgen(U.S.)4,9774,434Regeneron(U.S.)3,5933,452NovoNordisk(Denmark)**Moderna(U.S.)3,295Vertex(U.S.)2,5402,231Biogen(U.S.)21Description:ThisstatisticdepictsR&Dexpendituresofsomeofthegloballeadingcompaniesinbiotechnologyin2022.Inthatyear,DanishbiopharmaceuticalmanufacturerNovoNordiskspentaround3.4billionU.S.dollarsonresearchanddevelopment.

ReadmoreNote(s):WorldwideSource(s):PharmaceuticalExecutive;VarioussourcesDistributionoftotalglobalfundingonresearchanddevelopmentforselecteddiseasesfrom2018to2021DistributionoftotalfundingonR&Dforselecteddiseases2018-20212018201938%202035%202135%HIV/AIDS36%17%16%4.2%3.7%2.2%2%Tuberculosis17%17%17%Malaria16%16%15%DiarrhoealdiseasesKinetoplastida4.1%3.8%2.2%1.9%1.8%1.3%0.3%0.3%0.2%0.2%3.8%3.7%1.9%1.9%1.9%1.7%0.4%0.4%0.5%0.2%3.3%3.2%2.1%1.9%1.7%1.5%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.3%WormsandflukesDenguefeverSalmonellainfectionsBacterialpneunomia/meningitisSnakebiteenvenomingHepatitisC2.2%2.3%0.2%1.1%0.1%0.2%HepatitisBCryptococcalmeningitis22Description:Thestatisticshowsthedistributionoftotalglobalfundingonresearchanddevelopmentforselecteddiseasesfrom2018to2021.In2021,theshareoffundingonresearchanddevelopmentonHIVandAIDSamountedto35percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):WorldwideSource(s):PolicyCuresAllocationofresearchanddevelopmentinvestmentsinpharmaceuticalindustryin2021,byfunctionAllocationofR&Dinvestmentsinpharmaceuticalindustrybyfunction2021PercentageofR&Dinvestments0%5%10%9%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%55%Pre-human/pre-clinicalClinicaltrials14.7%49.2%PhaseI*PhaseII*11.5%PhaseIII*28.7%Approval4.9%Pharmacovigiliance(PhaseIV)Uncategorized12.9%18.2%23Description:Thisstatisticdisplaysthepharmaceuticalindustry'sresearchanddevelopmentinvestmentallocationbyselectfunctionsin2021.Thepharmaceuticalindustryspent14.7percentofresearchanddevelopmentinvestmentsduringpre-humanorpre-clinicalstages.ReadmoreNote(s):WorldwideSource(s):EFPIA;PhRMAGlobaltop10pharmaceuticalcompaniesbasedonprojectedR&Dspendingin2026(inbillionU.S.dollars)GlobaltoppharmaceuticalcompaniesbasedonR&Dspending2026R&DspendinginbillionU.S.dollars024681012141416RocheJohnson&JohnsonMerck&Co12.211.4Pfizer10.5Novartis10Bristol-MyersSquibbAstraZenecaEliLilly98.68.17.9GlaxoSmithKlineAbbVie7.524Description:In2026,Swiss-basedRocheisprojectedtospend14billionU.S.dollarsonpharmaceuticalresearchanddevelopment.OthercompanieswithhighprojectedR&DexpendituresareMerck,Pfizer,andJohnson&Johnson.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asofMay2021Source(s):EvaluateCHAPTER

04Software,computing,communication&electronicsInformationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT)researchanddevelopment(R&D)expenditureintheUnitedStatesandworldwidein2021(inbillioneuros)ICTresearchanddevelopmentexpenditureinU.S.andworldwide2021WorldwideUnitedStates30025020015010050246.8216.3145.597.40HardwareSoftware26Description:Intotal,researchanddevelopment(R&D)spendingoninformationandcommunicationtechnologyworldwideamountedtoover463billioneurosin2021.Ofthese,nearly247billionswerespentbyhardwarecompanies,ofwhich97billioneuroswerespentbyfirmsbasedintheUntiedStates.Moreover,U.S.basedfirmsstoodbehindovertwothirdsofR&Dspendingwithinsoftwareproductsworldwide.ChineseHuaweiwasthehardwareproducerwiththelargestspending,whereas[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide,UnitedStates;2021Source(s):EuropeanCommissionTotalanddevelopment(R&D)spendingoninformationandcommunicationsfrom2017to2019(inbillionU.S.dollars)TotalR&Dspendingoninformationandcommunicationsworldwide2017-2019300250239228.3218.320015010050020172018*2019**27Description:GlobalR&Dspendingintheinformationandcommunicationssectorisanticipatedtoincreaseto239billionU.S.dollarsin2019.Ofthistotal,justoverhalf-some130billionU.S.dollars-isexpectedtocomefromtheUnitedStates.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2018;*Estimatedvalues.**Forecastedvalues.ReadmoreSource(s):IRI;issuuIndustrialresearchanddevelopment(R&D)spendingintheICTsectorworldwidefrom2020to2022(inbillionU.S.dollars)IndustrialR&DspendingintheICTsectorworldwide2020-2022300274264252.125020015010050020202021202228/statistics/1346784/global-industrial-randd-spending-in-the-ict-sectorIndustrialresearchanddevelopment(R&D)spendingintheICTsectorregisteredasteadyincreaseovertheperiodunderconsideration.In2022,R&Dspendingamountedto274billionU.S.dollars,registeringanincreaseofnearlyfourpercentsince2021.ReadmoreNote(s):WorldwideSource(s):R&DWORLD;Schonfeld&AssociatesRankingoftheleadingtechnologyhardware&equipmentcompanieswiththehighestspendingonresearchanddevelopment(R&D)worldwidein2021(inmillioneuros)Technologyhardware&equipmentcompanieswiththehighestspendingonR&D2021Expenditureinmillioneuros02,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,00014,00016,00018,00020,00022,000HuaweiInvestment&Holding(China)Apple(UnitedStates)19,533.819,348.4SamsungElectronics(SouthKorea)IntelCorporation(UnitedStates)QUALCOMM(UnitedStates)CiscoSystems(UnitedStates)Siemens(Germany)16,81313,411.66,335.95,782.35,1364,651.24,285.7Nivida(UnitedStates)Broadcom(UnitedStates)Nokia(Finland)4,141Ericsson(Sweden)4,046.2Hitachi(Japan)2,658.12,498.4Zte(China)29Description:In2021,thetechnologyhardwaremanufacturerthatspentthemostonresearchanddevelopment(R&D)wasChinesegiantHuawei,withanR&Dexpenditureof19.5billioneuros.ClosebehindcameAmericanApplewithaspendingof19.3billioneuros,followedbySamsung.TheEuropeanhardwarecompanywiththehighestR&Dspendingin2021wasSiemens.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021Source(s):EuropeanCommissionResearchanddevelopment(R&D)spendingintheICTsectorworldwidefrom2020to2022,bycompany(inbillionU.S.dollars)R&DspendingintheICTsectorworldwide2020-2022,bycompany202020212022504540353025201510546.543.139.813430.227.323.520.52018.6718.617.517.215.25Intel14.50AmazonAlphabet/GoogleAppleComputerMicrosoft30Description:Since2021,Amazon'sresearchanddevelopment(R&D)spendingintheICTsectorwasvaluedatover43billionU.S.dollars.ItwasfollowedbyGoogle,withR&Dspendingworth34billionU.S.dollarsin2022.

ReadmoreNote(s):WorldwideSource(s):R&DWORLD;Schonfeld&AssociatesRevenuesfromtheartificialintelligence(AI)softwaremarketworldwidefrom2018to2025(inbillionU.S.dollars)Artificialintelligencesoftwaremarketrevenueworldwide2018-20251401201008012694.4170.946051.274020034.8722.5914.6910.120182019*2020*2021*2022*2023*2024*2025*31Description:Theglobalartificialintelligence(AI)softwaremarketisforecasttogrowrapidlyinthecomingyears,reachingaround126billionU.S.dollarsby2025.TheoverallAImarketincludesawidearrayofapplicationssuchasnaturallanguageprocessing,roboticprocessautomation,andmachinelearning.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2018to2020;*ForecastReadmoreSource(s):OmdiaForecastcompoundannualgrowthrateofthecloudapplicationsmarketbysegmentfrom2017to2022CloudapplicationsmarketCAGR2017-2022,bysegmentCompoundannualgrowthrate-1%0%1%2%3%4%5%6%AnalyticsandBICollaboration3.3%3.1%ContentManagement-0.5%CustomerRelationshipManagement(CRM)eCommerce1.9%2.8%EnterprisePerformanceManagement(EPM)EnterpriseResourcePlanning(ERP)HumanCapitalManagement(HCM)ITServiceManagement(ITSM)ProductLifeCycleManagement(PLM)/EngineeringProjectPortfolioManagementProcurement5%0.8%3%1.7%0.7%2.1%2%SalesPerformanceManagement(SPM)SupplyChainManagement(SCM)TreasuryandRiskManagement(TRM)3.8%2.2%3.5%32Description:Thisstatisticshowsthecompoundannualgrowthrateofthecloudapplicationsmarketbysegmentfrom2017to2022.The2017-2022CAGRfortheanalyticsandbusinessintelligencesegmentisexpectedtobe3.3percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2018Source(s):AppsRunTheWorldCHAPTER

05Automotive,Aerospace&DefenseTotalanddevelopment(R&D)spendingonautomobilesandothertransportin2021,byregion(inbillioneuros)TotalR&Dspendingonautomotiveworldwide2021,byregion18016014012010080152.462.6604033.227.6USA1820110TotalEUChinaJapanRestoftheWorld34Description:GlobalR&Dspendingintheautomotivesectorreached152billioneurosin2021.CompaniesbasedintheEuropeanUnionstoodbehindthelargestshareofthespending,amountingtonearly63billioneuros.Japanesecompaniesspentthesecondlargestsumonresearch&developmentthatyear.Breakingdownbycompany,Volkswagenwasthelargestsinglespender.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021*;*FiguresfromfiscalyearReadmoreSource(s):EuropeanCommissionLeadingautomotivefirmsbyresearchanddevelopmentspendingworldwideinFY2021(inbillionU.S.dollars)GlobalR&Dspending:keycompaniesintheautomotivesector2021SpendinginbillionU.S.dollars024681012141618Volkswagen*Mercedes-BenzGroup*GeneralMotorsFord15.589.17.97.67.6Toyota**35Description:Inthe2021fiscalyear,U.S.-basedcarmakerFordreportedresearchanddevelopmentcostsofaround7.6billionU.S.dollars.Incontrast,Germany'sVolkswagenspentaround15.6billionU.S.dollarsinR&Dexpenditure.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;FY2021;*ThesefigureshavebeenconvertedfromeurostoU.S.dollarsatthefollowingrate,correctasofSeptember15,2021:1EUR=1USD;**thisfigurehasbeenconvertedfromJapaneseyentoU.S.dollarsatthefollowing[...]

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VarioussourcesTotalanddevelopment(R&D)spendingonaerospaceanddefensein2021,byregion(inbillioneuros)TotalR&Dspendingonaerospaceanddefenseworldwide2021,byregion2017.7181614121087.66.4EU643.120.600TotalUSAChinaJapanRestoftheWorld36Description:Intotal,17.7billioneuroswerespentonresearchanddevelopment(R&D)withinaerospaceanddefenseworldwidein2021.Ofthese,7.6billionswerespentintheUnitedStates,and6.4billionsintheEuropeanUnion.Boeingwasthecompanywiththehighestspending.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021Source(s):EuropeanCommissionProjectedresearchanddevelopmentfundingeffortstowardselectricvehiclesin2023,byinvestortype(inbillionU.S.dollars)Electricvehicles:autoindustryR&Dfundingbyinvestortype2023FundinginbillionU.S.dollars050100150200250300GloballyoperatingOEMsChineseOEMs18432GloballyoperatingsuppliersChinesesuppliersEVnicheOEMs21109Total25537Description:Thisgraphillustratestheprojectedresearchanddevelopment(R&D)fundingeffortstowardselectricvehiclesin2023,withabreakdownbyinvestortype.ItispredictedthatChinesesupplierswillspendsome10billionU.S.dollarsonelectricvehicle-relatedR&Dactivities.ReadmoreNote(s):WorldwideSource(s):AlixPartnersLeadinggovernmentspendingondefenseresearchanddevelopment(R&D)amongOECDmembersin2021,bycountry(inshareofR&Dbudget))GovernmentR&DspendingondefenseinOECDcountries2021ShareoftotalGBARD*budget0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%UnitedStatesOECDtotal***Turkey47.2%18.5%15.6%15.6%KoreaRep.France***10.7%UnitedKingdom*****Australia**Hungary7.7%6.4%6.4%PolandGermany4.4%4.2%NorwayNetherlandsSlovakia3.2%3.1%2.2%38Description:IntheOECD,theUnitedStatesspendnearlyhalfofitsgovernmentresearchanddevelopmentbudgetondefense.TurkeyandJapanfollowedbehindwithnearly16percent.Onaverage,18.5percentoftheR&DspendingofOECDcountrieswasbudgetedforthedefensesector,butthehighspendingoftheU.S.hasahighinfluenceonthisfigure.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide,OECD;2021;*GBARDstandsforGovernmentbudgetallocationsforR&D.**Provisionalvalue.***estimates.br>****Definitiondiffers.*****Numbersarefrom2020.

ReadmoreSource(s):OECDCHAPTER

06Chemicals,Energy&IndustrialManufacturingTotalanddevelopment(R&D)spendingonchemicalsin2021,byregion(inbillioneuros)TotalR&Dspendingonchemicalsworldwide2021,byregion3025.1252015107.85.34.753.83.40TotalEUUSAChinaJapanRestoftheWorld40Description:anddevelopment(R&D)spendinginthechemicalssectorisanticipatedtohavereachedatotalof25billioneurosin2021.CompaniesinJapanspentthelargestsum,reaching7.8billioneuros,followedbytheEuropeanUnionatfivebillions.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021Source(s):EuropeanCommissionTotalanddevelopment(R&D)spendingonenergyin2021,byregion(inbillioneuros)TotalR&Dspendingonenergyworldwide2021,byregion2519.520151056.85.6EU3.72.510TotalUSAChinaJapanRestoftheWorld41Description:GlobalR&Dspendingintheenergysectoramountedtonearly20billioneurosin2021.ThehighestsumswerespentintheEuropeanUnionandChina.Asof2019,over