2023年职称英语考试卫生类a级试题及参考答案

新东方在线职称英语频道(/)分享2014年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题及参考答案词汇选项：Hisstomachfelthollowwithfear.sincere B.respectful C.empty D.terribleTheoriginalexperimentcannotbeexactlyduplicated.invented B.reproduced C.designed D.reportedHisprofessionalcareerspanned16years.started B.changed C.lasted D.movedShefeltthatshehaddonehergooddeedfortheday.act B.homework C.justice D.modelThegroupdoesnotadvocatetheuseofviolence.limit B.support C.regulate D.opposeSomeofthelargerbirdscanremainstationaryintheairforseveralminutes.motionless B.silent C.seated D.trueTherewasaninclinationtotreatgeographyasalessimportantsubject.point B.result C.finding D.tendencyThatuniformmakestheguardslookabsurd.serious B.beautiful C.impressive D.ridiculousNewsecretariescameandwentwithmonotonousregularity.amazing B.depressing C.predictable D.dullThecountrywastornapartbystrife.conflict B.poverty C.war D.economyThiswasdisasteroncosmicscale.modest B.commercial C.huge D.nationalAperson’swealthisoftenininverseproportiontotheirhappiness.equal B.certain C.large D.oppositeThedepartmentdeferredthedecisionforsixmonths.putoff B.arrivedat C.abidedbyD.protestedagainstThecommitteewasaskedtorenderareportonthehousingsituation.copy B.publish C.summarize D.furnishThesymptomsofthediseasemanifestedthemselvestendayslater.eased B.improved C.relieved D.appeared阅读判断：‘FeedMeBetter’WhenBritishTVchefJamieOliverlaunchedhis‘FeedMeBetter’campaignin2004inschoolsintheGreenwichareaofLondonwiththeaimofimprovingthedietofBritishschoolchildren,somepeoplewereskepticalabouttheimpactitwouldhave.Oliver’shighly-publicizedtelevisioncampaigntoimproveschoollunchesledtodramaticchangesinthemealsofferedtopublicsintheGreenwichschools.InordertoachievehisarmOliverneededtoshowschoolshowtoswap(交换)cheapprocessedmeals,whichwerehighinsaturatedfat(饱和脂肪)，saltandsugar,forhealthieroptions.Now,researchattheInstituteforSocialandEconomicResearch(ISER)hasshownthatOliver’sexperimentdidnotonlyhelppupilseatmorehealthily,italsoresultedinthemperformingbetteratschoolinEnglishandScienceandinhelpingschoolsreducetheirratesofabsenteeism(缺勤).TheISERstudy,carriedoutbyMicheleBelotandJonathanJames.Showed‘substantial’positiveeffects,withtheperformanceof11-year-oldpupilseatingOliver’mealsimprovingbyupto8%inScienceandbyasmuchas6%inEnglish.Inaddition,thenumberofchildrenhavingauthorizedabsencesforsicknesssince2004showeda14%decrease.TheISERstudyanalysedtheacademictestresultsofmorethan13,000childreninGreenwichbetween2002and2007toevaluatetheimpactofOliver’shealthiermealsonschoolperformance.Pupilswhosatexamsin2006—2007hadbeenonthenewdietforatleast12months,andtheresearchersfoundthatthenumberofpupilsreachinghigherlevelsofachievementhadclearlyrisen.ThestudyalsocomparedtheresultsoftheschoolsinGreenwichthoseofpupilsofthesameageinsevenotherLondonareaswhodidnoteatthemealscreatedbyOliver.TheresearchersweresurprisedbythespeedofimprovementsintheGreenwichpupils.TheycouldfindnootherexplanationfortheresultsexpectforthehealthierandmorenutritiousmealscreatedbyOliver.CommentingonISER’sfindings,Oliversaidhefelttheresearchprovedthathewasrightinhisdecisiontoremovefattyprocessedfoodandreplaceitwithnutrient-rich(营养的)foodssuchascoconut(椰子),fishandbroccoli(花椰菜).Hecommentedthat‘wecouldseethatitmadethemcalmerandthereforeabletolearn’.16.The‘FeedMeBetter’campaigntargetedahealthierdietatschoolchildren.A.right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned17.Everyonebelievedthecampaignshouldbesuccessful.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned18.TheISERisaninstitutethatdoesresearchonpupils’performanceinsport.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned19.ThepupilsinGreenwichsaidtheylikedthehealthiermeals.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned20.Thenumberofpupilswhoaskedforsickleavedecreased.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned21.TheISERdidnotdoacomparativestudyontheimpactofthenewdiet.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned22.Thehealthierdiethashelpedschoolchildrenimproveacademically.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned概括大意与完成句子Aromatherapy(芳香疗法)1Aromatherapyisaformofalternativemedicinewhichisbasedontheuseofveryconcentratedessentialoilsfromtheflowers,leaves,bark,branchesorrootsofplantswhichareconsideredtohavehealingproperties.Inaromatherapythesepowerfuloilsaremixedwithotheroils,suchasalmond(杏仁)oil,ortheyarediluted(稀释)withwater.Thesesolutions(溶液剂)canberubbedontheskin,sprayedintheair,orappliedasacompress(敷药)。2Manypeoplehavearomatherapymassages(按摩),anddependingonthetreatmentapersonishaving,thearomatherapistwillmassagetheoilintothehandsorshoulders.Themassageissmoothandflowing,asitisdesignedtocreateasenseofrelaxationandcalm.Thesessionsaretailoredtotheindividual'shealthandmoodatthetime,soeverysessionisunique.3Practitionersofaromatherapybelievethatthearomaoftheessentialoilsdirectlystimulatesthebrainorthattheoilsareabsorbedthroughtheskinintothebloodstream,wheretheycanaffectthewholebodyandpromotehealing.Otherclaimsinsupportofaromatherapyarethatitaidsdigestion,improvesthefunctioningofrespiratorysystem,reducesmuscularachesandpains,andpromotesmusclerelaxationandtone.Ithasalsobeenarguedthataromatherapycanimprovecirculation,lowerbloodpressure,andhelpcombatinsomnia(失眠)andotherstress-relateddisorderssuchastensionheadaches,anxiety,andmilddepression.4However,whilearomatherapymayhaverealeffectsthatpromoteasenseofwell-being,sometraditionalmedicinepractitionersremaindoubtfulaboutitspowers.Whileresearchhasconfirmedthataromatherapydoeshavesomepositiveshort-termeffectsonmostpeople,italsosuggeststhataromatherapyisnotanactualscienceormedicinethatshouldbeusedtotreatillness.Furthermore,notallaromatherapyisconsideredbeneficialtohealth.Thereareprecautionswhichshouldbetakenbeforehavingaromatherapybecausesomeoilscanhavenegativeeffectsonpeoplewithcertainmedicalconditions.Thestudyofaromatherapyisrelativelynewandunexplored.Moreresearchneedstobeconductedtomakescientificconclusionsaboutitsuseandeffects.DoubtsaboutthebenefitsaroDoubtsaboutthebenefitsaromatherapyIntroductiontoaromatherapyPersonalizedaromatherapymassageDifferentviewsaboutaromatherapyAromatherapyandconventionalmedicineCurrentresearchintoaromatherapy23.Paragragh1(B)24.Paragragh2(C)25.Paragragh3(D)26.Paragragh4(A)havehealingeffehavehealingeffectsbeusedexternallybepromotedhelpthedisabledbefurtherexploredsuitdifferentpeople27.Aromatherapyisamixtureoilfrompartsoftheplantsto(A)28.Thesessionsofaromatherapymassagesaredesignedto(F)29.Aromatherapyisbelievedto(B)invariousways30.Theusedandbenefitsofaromatherapyneedto(E)阅读理解：第一篇：ANewStrategytoOvercomeBreastCancerPost-menopausal(绝经后)womenwhowalkforanhouradaycancuttheirchanceofbreastcancersignificantly,astudyhassuggested.Thereport,whichfollowed73,000womenfor17years,foundwalkingforatleastsevenhoursaweekloweredtheriskofthedisease.TheAmericanCancerSocietyteamsaidthiswasthefirsttimereducedriskwasspecificallylinkedtowalking.UKexpertssaiditwasmoreevidencethatlifestyleinfluencedcancerrisk.ArecentpollforthecharityRamblersaquarterofadultswalkfornomorethananhouraweek,butbeingactiveisknowntoreducetheriskofanumberofcancers.Thisstudy,publishedinCancerEpidemiology,Biomarkers&Prevention,followed73.615womenoutof97,785aged50-74whohadbeenrecruitedbytheAmericanCancerSocietybetween1992and1993,soitcouldmonitortheincidenceofcancerinthegroup.Theywereaskedtocompletequestionnairesontheirhealthandonhowmuchtimetheywereactiveandparticipatinginactivitiessuchaswalking,swimmingandaerobics(有氧运动)andhowmuchtimetheyspentsittingwatchingtelevisionorreading.Theycompletedthesamequestionnairesattwo-yearintervalsbetween1997and2009.Ofthewomen,47%saidwalkingwastheironlyrecreationalactivity.Thosewhowalkedforatleastsevenhoursperweekhada14%lowerriskofbreastcancercomparedtothosewhowalkedthreeorfewerhoursperweek.Dr.AlpaPatel,aseniorepidemiologistattheAmericanCancerSocietyinAtlanta,Georgia,wholedthestudy,said:”Giventhatmorethan60%ofwomenreportsomedailywalking,promotingwalkingasahealthyleisure-timeactivitycouldbeaneffectivestrategyforincreasingphysicalactivityamongstpost-menopausalwomen.Wewerepleasedtofindthatwithoutanyotherrecreationalactivity,justwalkingonehouradaywasassociatedwithalowerriskofbreastcancerinthesewomen.””Morestrenuous(紧张的)andlongeractivitiesloweredtheriskevenmore.”BaronessDelythMorgan,chiefexecutiveofBreastCancerCampaign,said:”Thisstudyaddsfurtherevidencethatourlifestylechoicescanplayapartininfluencingtheriskofbreastcancerandevensmallchangesincorporateintoournormalday-to-dayactivitycanmakeadifference.”Sheadded:”Weknowthatthebestweapontoovercomingbreastcanceristheabilitytostopitoccurringinthefirstplace.Thechallengenowishowweturnthesefindingsintoactionandidentifyothersustainablelifestylechangesthatwillhelpuspreventbreastcancer.”31.AllofthefollowingfactorsrelatingtocancerriskwerementionedinthepassageEXCEPT________A.breathingexerciseB.regularwalkingC.recreationalactivityD.lifestylechoices32.ItcanbeinferredfromDr.AlpaPatel’sstudythat____.A.womenhavefewerchancesofphysicalactivityB.dailywalkingcouldcutthechanceofbreastcancerC.leisure-timeactivityisnotassociatedwithcancerriskD.walkingisnotrecommendedforwomenwithbreastcancer33.Dr.AlpaPatelwas_____.A.headofthesurveystudyB.chiefeditorofCancerEpidemiologyC.chairoftheAmericanCancerSocietyD.chiefexecutiveofBreastCancerCampaign34.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Mostwomentakewalkingastheironlyrecreationalactivity.B.Thestudyaimstotrackthehealthconditionsofitssubjects.C.Walkingwastheonlyrecreationalacitivityforabouthalfofthewomensurveyed.D.Irregularwalkingincreasedtheriskofbreastcancerinpost-menopausalwomen35.Theword“sustainable”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningtoA.continuableB.affordableC.availableD.persistent第二篇：Around45%oftheUK’scarbondioxideemissionscomefromtheenergypeopleuseevery----athomeandwhentheytravel.Inordertogeneratethatenergy,fossilfuels(coaloil,andgas)areburnt,andtheseproducegreenhousegases---inparticularcarbondioxide(CO2)ayear,anditisthesameCO2thatischangingtheclimateanddamagingtheenvironment.CO2andvariousothergaseswraptheearthinaninvisibleblankethelpingtopreventheatfromescaping.Withoutthisgreenhouseeffect,theaveragetemperatureonEarthwouldbearound-18℃,comparedwiththecurrentaverageofaround+15℃.Thecompositionofthisblanketofgaseshasremainedrelativelyconstantformanythousandsofyears.However,sincetheindustrialrevolutionbeganaround200yearsago,peoplehavebeenburningincreasingamountsoffossilfuels,thusreleasingmoreCO2andothergreenhousegasesintheprocess.Thishasincreasedtheheatingeffectoftheblanket,trappingmoreofthesun’senergyinsidetheEarth’satmosphereinturntheEarth’stemperaturehasincreasedmorerapidlyinashorterpenndoftherethatithasforthousandsofyears.In2008,thetotalUKCO2emissionswere533milliontones27%(144milliontonnes)ofthoseemissionscamefromtheenergyusedtoheat,light,andpowerhomes.Transportemissionscausedbypassengercars,busesandmotorcyclesaccountedforafurther16%(87milliontonnes)oftheUK’sCO2emissions.ThesefiguresshowthatasignificantamountofCO2resultsfromordinarycitizens’carbonfootprintintheirdailyactivitiesandlifestyle.Theeffectsofclimatechangecanbeseenallaroundus.Weatherpatternsarececomingmoreandmorefracturedanduncertain,andoverthelastcenturytrendsinwarmweatherhavebecomeincreasinglycommon.IntheUKinthelast40years,wintershavegrownwarmerwithmuchheavierrainfall.Oneoftheclearestshiftsoverthelast200yearsistowardssummersthatarehotteranddrier,causingpervasivewatershortages.RecentyearshavebeenthehottestsincerecordsbeganandduringAugust2003thehottestoutdoortemperatureintheUKwasrecorded---38.5.36.Whatistheauthor’smainaim?A.ToexplainthegreenhouseeffectB.TodescribetheeffectsofclimatechangeintheUKC.ToshowhowmuchCO2isproducedbyordinarypeople’sactivitiesD.Toillustratehowindustrialactivitycreatethegreenhouseeffect37.Whatistheauthor’sopinionaboutthelevelofCO2emissionsintheUK?A.ThemajorityofCO2emissionscomefrommotorizedtransport.B.CO2emissionsmaycauseclimatechangeinthefutureC.MoreCO2emissionscomefromhomesthanfromcarsD.TheaveragecitizendoesnotcreatemuchCO238.CO2emissionsfromvehiclesA.areamoreseriousproblemthanenergyshortageB.donotcauseanyproblemsC.arehighbecausetheaveragehouseholdownsacarD.contributeconsiderablytogreenhousegases39.TheresultsofclimatechangeintheUKcanbeseeninA.coolersummersB.watersupplyC.warmerwintersD.strongerwinds40.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WaysofreducingtheUK’sCO2emissionsB.UKcitizens’carbonfootprintC.TheeffectofindustryonclimatechangeintheUKD.ChangesinweatherpatternsintheUK第三篇：FirstSelf-containedHeartImplantedApatientonthebrinkofdeathhasreceivedtheworld’sfirstself-containedartificialheart—abattery-powereddeviceaboutthesizeofasoftballthatrunswithouttheneedforwires,tubesorhosesstickingoutofthechest.TwosurgeonsfromtheUniversityofLouisvilleimplantedthetitaniumandplasticpumpduringasever-houroperationatJewishHospitalMonday.Thehospitalsaidthepatientwas“awakeandresponsive”Tuesdayandrestingcomfortably.Itrefusedtoreleasepersonaldetails.Thepatienthadbeenexpectedtodiewithinamonthwithouttheoperation,anddoctorssaidtheyexpectedtheartificialhearttoextendtheperson’slifebyonlyamonth.Butthedeviceisconsideredamajorsteptowardimprovingthepatient’squalityoflife.Thenewpump,calledAbioCor,isalsoatechnologicalleapfromthemechanicalheartsusedinthe1980s,whichwereattachedbywiresandtubestobulkymachineryoutsidethebody.Themostfamousofthose,theJarvic-7,usedairasapumpingdeviceandwasattachedtoanapparatusaboutthesizeofawashingmachine.“Ithinkit’spotentiallyamajorstepforwardintheartificialheartdevelopment,”saidDr.DavidFaxon,presidentoftheAmericanheartAssociation.However,hesaidthedreamofanimplantable,permanentartificialheartisnotyetareality:“Thisisobviouslyanexperimentaldevicewhoselong-termsuccesshastobedemonstrated.”Onlyabouthalfofthe4,200Americansonawaitinglistfordonorheartsreceivedthemlastyear,andmostoftherestdied.Somedoctors,includingRobertHiggins,chairmanofcardiologyattheMedicalCollegeofVirginiainRichmond,saidartificialheartsareunlikelytoreplacedonorhears.“Adonorheartinagoodtransplantcanlast15to30years,”hesaid.“It’sgoingtobehardtoreplacethatwithamachine.”41.ThefirsttwoparagraphstellthattheSelf-containedartificialheartA.wasmadeoftitaniumandpumpB.hadbroughtthepatienttothebrinkofdeathC.didnotneedtogetpowerfromoutsidethebodyD.wasinventedbytwosurgeousfromuniversityofLouisville42.Accordingtothereport,thepatientwhoreceivedthefirstself-containedheartA.couldnotaffordadonorheartB.wassaidtobeinagoodconditionthenextdayaftertheoperationC.diedtwomonth’saftertheheartimplantationD.wasreluctanttoreleasehisorherpersonalinformation43.WecanlearnfromParagraph4thattheJarvic-7isA.themostexpensivemechanicalheartB.amechanicalheartusedinthe1980sC.asadvancedasAbiocorD.replacingAbiocor44.AccordingtoDr.DavidFaxon,theself-containedheartisA.amilestoneintheartificialheartdevelopmentB.stillintheexperimentalstageC.animplantable,permanentartificialheartD.unavailabletoallthoseAmericanswaitingfordonorhearts45.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatdonorheartA.savedthelivesofabout2100AmericanstheyearbeforethereportB.willbereplacedbyself-containedartificialheartssoonerorlaterC.aremorepopularandcheaperthanself-containedartificialheartsD.canhelppatientssurvivelessthan15yearsiftheyareingoodtransplant.补全短文：WronglyConvictedManandHisAccuserTellStoryNEWYORK,NY,January5,2010.St.Martin’sPresshasannouncedthereleaseofthepaperbackeditionofPickingCotton,aremarkabletruestoryofwhatnovelistJohnGrishamcallsan“accountofviolence,rageredemption(救赎)and，ultimatelyforgiveness.”Thestorybeganin1987,inBurlington,NorthCarolina,withtherapeofayoungwhilecollegestudentnamedJenniferThompson.Duringherordeal,Thompsonsworetoherselfthatshewouldneverforgetthefaceofherrapist,amanwhoclimbedthroughthewindowofherapartmentandassaultedherbrutally___46___.Whenthepoliceaskedherifshecouldidentifytheassailant(袭击者)fromabookofmugshots,shepickedonethatshewassurewascorrect,andlatersheidentifiedthemanlineup.Basedonherconvincingeyewitnesstestimony,a22-year-oldblackmannamedRonaldCottonwassentencedtoprisonfortwolifeterms.Cotton’slawyerappealedthedecision,andbythetimeoftheappealshearing,evidencehadcometolightsuggestingthattherealrapistmighthavebeenamanwholookedverylikeCotton,animprisonedcriminalnamedBobbyPoole.___47___JenniferThompsonlookedatbothmenfacetoface,andonceagainsaidthatRonaldCottonwastheonewhorapedher.Elevenyearslater,DNAevidencecompletelyexonerated(证明…..清白)Cottonandjustasunequivocally(明确地)convictedPoole,whoconfessedtothecrime___48___”ThemanIwassosureIhadneverseeninmylifewasthemanwasinchesfrommythroat,whorapedme,whohurtme,whotookmyspiritaway,whorobbedmeofmysoul,”shewrote“AndthemanIhadidentifiedsosurelyonsomanyoccasionswasabsolutelyinnocent.___49___Remarkablybothwereabletoputthistragedybehindthem,overcometheracialbarrierthatdividedthem,andwriteabook,whichtheyhavesubtitled“Ourmemoirofinjusticeandredemption.”Nevertheless,Thompsonsays,shestilllives”withconstantpainthatmyprofoundmistakecoasthimsodearly___50___”AnothertrialwasheldIcannotbegintoimaginewhatwouldhavehappenedhadmymistakenidentificationoccurredinacapitalcaseThompsonwasasshockedanddevastatedJenniferThompsondecidedtomeetCottonandapologizetohimpersonallyDuringtheattack,shemadeandefforttomemorizeeverydetailofhisface,lookingforscars,tattoos(纹身)orotheridentifyingmarking.Manycriminalsaresenttoprisononthebasisofaccuratetestimonybyeyewitnesses.参考答案：46-50：EACDB完形填空MoreaboutAlzheimer’sDisease【早老性痴呆研究的新进展】ScientistshavedevelopedskinteststhatmaybeusedinthefuturetoidentifypeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseandmayultimatelyallowphysicianstopredict___51___isatriskofgettingthisneurologicaldisorder.Theonlycurrentmeansof___52___thediseaseinalivingpatientisalongandexpensiveseriesofteststhateliminateeveryothercauseofdementia.“SinceAloesAlzheimerdescribedthe___53___nearlyacenturyago,peoplehavebeentryingtofindawayto___54___diagnoseitinitsearlystages,”saidPatriciaGrady,actingdirectoroftheNationalInstituteofNeurologicalDisordersandStrokeinBethesda,