2023年英语四级翻译习题复习资料(卷四)

2023年英语四级翻译习题复习资料〔卷四〕汉译英我已经戒掉睡前吸烟的坏习惯，再也不用听妻子不断地发牢骚了。(giveup)与其他同龄人不同的是，他沉迷京剧。(setapartfrom;beaddictedto)她对他用情至深，情愿抑制任何障碍与他结婚。 (sothat;obstacle)只是在考试成绩出来之后，我才意识到必需更加刻苦才能不落后。(onlykeepupwith)作为主要谈判人，她在打破双方之间的障碍上制造了奇迹。(miracle)您无需担忧，男士是不允许进入这个房间的。(need;allowsb.todosth.)假设要我在上大学还是去工作两者间选择，我会选择前者而非后者。(insteadof)(inspiteofatatime)参考译文Havinggivenupthebadhabitofsmokingbeforebedtime,Inolongerhavetohearmywifecomplainingallthetime.WhatsetshimapartfromotherpeopleofhisageisthatheisaddictedtoBeijingOpera.esohnehmtsyoeanyobstacletomarryhim.OnlyaftertheresultoftheexamcameoutdidIrealizeIwouldhavetoworkhardertokeepupwiththeothers.Aschiefnegotiatorshehasperformedmiraclesinbreakingdownbarriersbetweenthetwosides.Youdon’tneedtoworry.Menarenotallowedtogetintothisroom.IfIhadtomakeachoicebetweengoingtocollegeandfindingajob,Iwouldchoosetheformerinsteadofthelatter.Inspiteoftheinstructionoftakingonepillatatime,hetookthreeallatonce.汉译英在我看来，取得成功的最正确途径是努力工作。(getahead)让我们感到无望的是,的价值如何。(regardlessof)我感到他做错了什么事，可我又没有依据。(baseon)!不然你会漏掉一些重要信息。(payattention)一些人已经留意到生活方式的任何转变都将影响一个人的安康。(haveaneffecton)这两个政党从选举以来就始终彼此冲突。(inconflictwith)(fulfill)我们不想听你的想法，只讲事实!(stickto)参考译文Inmyopinion,thebestwaytogetaheadisthroughhardwork.Toourdisappointment,allourproposalswererejectedregardlessoftheirmerits.Ifeelhewasdoingsomethingwrong,butIhavegotnothingtobaseiton.PayattentionwhenI’mtalkingtoyou,otherwiseyou’llmisssomeimportantinformation.Somepeoplehavenoticedthatanychangeinlifestylewillhaveaneffectonone’shealth.Thetwopartieshavebeeninconflictwitheachothersincetheelection.Anursehasmanydutiestofulfillincaringforthesick.Wedonotwanttohearyouropinions;sticktothefacts!汉译英(challenge)他还拿不定方法，但我信任我们最终确定能把他说服。(winover)他帮助了我，并期望我能为他做点儿事作为报答。(inreturn)你或者不让孩子靠近药箱，或者把药箱放在孩子拿不到的地方。(keepawayfrom)全部的行李都在机场受到检查，以确定其中没有危急物品。(screen)(buildup,reservoir)我想要一杯咖啡，还有一杯水。(aswell)(so…that,putanendto)参考译文Reducingthegapbetweenrichandpoorisoneofthemainchallengesfacingthegovernment.I’msurewe’llwinhimoverintheend.Hehelpedme,andinreturnhopedthatIcoulddosomethingforhim.Youshouldeitherkeepyourchildawayfromthemedicinebox,orkeeptheboxawayfromthem.Allluggageisscreenedattheairporttomakesureitcontainsnothingdangerous.Thedepartmenthasbuiltupareservoirofknowledgeformanyyears.I’dlikeacupofcoffee,andaglassofwateraswell.Hewassodesperatethathethreatenedtoputanendtohislife.汉译英小偷观看远处的警察转身就逃。(turnonone’sheel)(responsible)一些人认为，对大多数的男人来说，爱情只不过是他们人生的一个插曲。(episode)我厌烦他这种逆来顺受的脆弱性格。(turntheothercheek)(putsb.inhis/herplace)他在一次宴会上堵住了我，非要和我大谈他那困难的童年，无聊得我要死。(corner)当他有这种奇异心情时，我怎么也不能让他理解我的意思。(gettosb.)你怎么能不顾一切反对意见而一意孤行呢?(clingto)参考译文Thethiefturnedonhisheelandranwhenhesawthepoliceinthedistance.Itwasyouridea,soifanythinggoeswrongIshallholdyoupersonallyresponsible.Somethinkthatforthemajorityofmen,loveisbutanepisodeinhislife.Ihatetoseehisweakpersonalitythatmakeshimsimplyturntheothercheek.Aliceistoorude;it’stimeyouputherinherplace.Heoncecorneredmeatapartyandboredmetodeathabouthisdifficultchildhood.Whenhe’sinthisstrangemood,Ijustcan’tgettohim.Howcouldyousetasidealltheobjectionsandclingtoyourowncourse?汉译英起火时，办公室人员慌张逃出。(fleeinpanic)(slip,makeoffwith)最终，这位法官允许布朗夫妇收养这个无家的孤儿。(eventually,adopt)众所周知，如瑜珈等放松的方法能缓解压力对身体造成的不良反响。(easestress)(transfer)虽然我们患病了严峻的自然灾难，但我们确定能抑制一切困难。(sufferfrom)(veteran,survive)当马克想起那起事故时，仍感到恼火。(upset)参考译文Officeworkersfledinpanicasthefirebrokeout.Isawthelittleboyslipintothekitchenandmakeoffwithaloafofbread.Eventually,the judge permitted the Browns to adopt homelessorphan.Asisknowntoall, relaxationtechniqueslikeyogacaneasetheharmfuleffectofstressonthebody.Allpassengersweretransferredoutofonebusandintoanother.Thoughwesufferedfromseriousnaturaldisasters,wearesuretoovercomealldifficulties.Thereareconcernsthatthoseveteransmaynotsurvivethewinter.ItstillupsetsMarkwhenhethinksabouttheaccident.汉译英在我了解全部的事实之后，我就能给你提出建议了。(beinapositiontodo)我们轮番值夜班，这样就不会有人总是夜班了。(rotateshift)(comeupwith,boost)(makeit)一有人走进屋子，孩子们就开头炫耀起来了。(showoff)即使你与她意见相左，她的话也值得听一听，到底她很有经验。(eventhough)我们想鼓舞学生参与学院的治理工作。(participatein)(grant)参考译文WhenIknowallthefacts,I’llbeinapositiontoadviseyou.Werotatethenightshiftsothatnoonehastodoitallthetime.Onceagain,shebecamethefirsttocomeupwithanewideaforboostingsales.Withherfather’shelp,shemadeitinfilmswhenshewasstillateenager.Thechildrenstartshowingoffassoonasanyonecomesintothehouse.Eventhoughyoudonotagreewithher,she’sworthlisteningto.Afterall,sheisveryexperienced.Wewanttoencouragethestudentstoparticipatefullyintherunningofthecollege.Hehasbeengrantedhisfreedomonconditionthatheleavesthecountry.汉译英我们应当学会处理我们生活中遇到的问题。(dealwith)(means)5岁孩童中只有百分之四十能享受学前教育。(haveaccessto)(atthecostof)楼上收音机的声音阻碍了我的工作。(interferewith)201120分。(at…intervals)这本书获得了好评，但是从实际销售状况来看，它并不太成功。(intermsof很明显，事情的进展让我大失所望。(turnout)参考译文Weshouldlearntodealwiththeproblemsthatwemeetinourlife.Ihaveunderstoodthatrealizingthegoalmeansfacingchallengebravely.Only 40% of 5-year-old childrenhaveaccess to pre-schooleducation.Hesaidthathewouldnotliketoacceptthisjobatthecostofhissparetime.Thesoundoftheradioupstairsinterferedwithmywork.Thebellringsat20-minuteintervals,whichmeansitis11:20now.Thebookhasbeenwellreviewed,butintermsofactualsalesithasn’tbeenverysuccessful.Obviously,I’mdisappointedatthewaythingshaveturnedout.aggregatedemandaggregatesupplycorporate/entrepreneurialculturecorporateimage(Cl)enterpriseimagecross-nationalcorporationenterprisingspiritpioneeringspiritforeign-fundedenterpriseholidayeconomyhumancapitalaerospaceindustryaircraftindustry电子工业electronicindustrycarindustryentertainmentindustryinformationindustryknowledge-intensiveindustrylargeandmedium-sizedstate-ownedenterpriseslightindustrylotteryindustrymanufacturingindustrymonopolyindustriesmarketdiversification市场经济marketeconomy市场监管marketsupervisionpurchasingpowerbearmarketbullmarket城镇化urbanization房地产realestate首付down-paymenthomeownerindividualhousingloaneconomicglobalizationspecialeconomiczones(SEZ)经济增长economicgrowth泡沫经济bubbleeconomytarifftaxpayermacroeconomythesizeofmoneysupplyexcessliquidityoverheatedeconomyawell-offstandard京剧Pekingopera秦腔QinoperaKungfoTaiChi口技ventriloquismpuppetshowshadowplayoperahighlights杂技acrobaticswittydialoguecomedyembroiderySuzhouembroideryclayfigurecalligraphytraditionalChinesepaintingChinesebrushpaintingChineseknotthefourgreatinventionsofancientChinagunpowderprintingpaper-makingthecompassbronzewareporcelainchinatri-colorglazedpotteryoftheTangDynastycloisonneswingmartialartscheongsamChinesetunicsuitTangsuitFengshuigeomanticomen阳历Solarcalendar阴历LunarcalendarleapyearzodiactheSpringFestivaltheLanternFestival清明节theTomb-sweepingDaytheDragon-boatFestivaltheMid-autumnDay重阳节theDouble-ninthDay七夕节theDouble-seventhDayspringcoupletstemplefairfirecracker年画(traditionalNewYearpicturesNewYeargift-moneydragondancesweetstickyricedumplings花灯festivallantern灯谜lanternriddleliondancestiltwalking赛龙舟dragonboatrace总需求aggregatedemandaggregatesupplycorporate/entrepreneurialculturecorporateimage(Cl)enterpriseimagecross-nationalcorporationenterprisingspiritpioneeringspiritforeign-fundedenterpriseholidayeconomyhumancapitalaerospaceindustryaircraftindustry电子工业electronicindustrycarindustryentertainmentindustryinformationindustryknowledge-intensiveindustrylargeandmedium-sizedstate-ownedenterpriseslightindustrylotteryindustrymanufacturingindustrymonopolyindustriesmarketdiversification市场经济marketeconomy市场监管marketsupervisionpurchasingpowerbearmarketbullmarket城镇化urbanization房地产realestate首付down-paymenthomeownerindividualhousingloaneconomicglobalizationspecialeconomiczones(SEZ)经济增长economicgrowth泡沫经济bubbleeconomytarifftaxpayermacroeconomythesizeofmoneysupplyexcessliquidityoverheatedeconomyawell-offstandard一个中国原则theone-Chinaprinciple与时俱进keeppacewiththetimes综合国力overallnationalstrength共同愿望commondesire“走出去”(战略)goingglobal不结盟non-alignment单边主义unilateralismmultilateralismmultipolarworldagingofpopulationbirthratecommunityservicecourtofethicsembezzlement1)Itis+形容词+thatItisconceivablethatknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinourlife.可想而知，学问在我们的一生中扮演着一个重要的角色。2)Itis+形容词+todo/doingShehadsaidwhatitwasnecessarytosay.她已经说了一切有必要说的话。3)祈使句/名词+and/orWorkhard,andyouwillfinallybeabletoreachyourdestination.努力工作，你就能实现自己的目标。4)as+many/much+名词+asItissaidthatvisitorsspendonlyhalfasmuchmoneyinadayinLeedsasinLon-don.据说，游客每天在利兹的花销仅为在伦敦的一半。5)倍数词+as+形容词+asThereservoiristhreetimesasbigasitwastenyearsago.这个水库的面积是十年前三倍。)+more名词/thanSmokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkillsseventimesmorepeopleeachyearthanautomobileaccidents.多七倍。7)(not)as/so...as(和……(不)一样)Theenvironmentalproblemsarenotasseriousastheysuggestedintheirreport.环境问题没有他们在报告中说得那么严峻。8)nomore...than(与……一样不)Sheisnomorefittobeamanagerthanaschoolgirlwouldbe一个女学生固然不宜当经理，她也同样不宜。9)Nothingismore...than(;……是最……的)Nothingismoreimportantthantoreceiveeducation.没有比承受教育更重要的事。+of+名词Theyhurriedlyescapedintoacavethatsmeltofterror.他们仓皇地逃人一个布满恐惊气氛的山洞。11)without/notsomuchas(甚至没有)withherhusband，Marylefthomewithoutsomuchaslookingbackathim.出于对丈夫的无望，玛丽离开了家，甚至都没有回头看他一眼。12)may/mightaswell(…as)(与其……还不如……)Onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknowbutimperfectly.与其一知半解还不如彻底蒙在鼓里。13)too...to(太……而不能……;极其地)Itwasnottoobrightofthemtosettleinanareawhereearthquakesfrequentlyoccur他们选择在地震多发的地区定居，这可不是个明智的打算。14)onlytofind/see(结果却;没想到会)Hespentalmostallhismoneytobuythehenwhichwassaidtobeabletolaygoldeggs,onlytofinditcouldnotlayeggsatall.鸡根本不会下蛋。15)Itisundoubtedthat/Thereisnodoubtthat(毫无疑问，……)Thereisnodoubtthatwarcanbeavoidedifwegetdowntopeacetalk.毫无疑问，假设我们肯认真和谈就能避开战斗16)ratherthan(而不是……)Ratherthanpursuemoneytoachievehappiness，weshouldfocusontheimprovementofourselves.我们应当集中精力改善自我，而不是追求金钱的享乐。17)not..until(直到……才)Wecan”treleasethefilmuntilwehavetheapprovalfromtheauthorityconcerned.直到获得有关当局的批准我们才能发行那部电影。18)so/such(…)that(如此……以至于)Withtherumorspreadingfast,theiranxietywassuchthattheycouldnotsleep/theybecamesoanxiousthattheycouldnotsleep.在谣言快速散播的状况下，他们焦虑特别，无法人睡。19)(Thechancesarethat(很可能……)Chancesarethatshehasalreadyknownit,andthereisnoneedforustokeepthesecret.她很可能已经知道了，所以我们没有必要再保守这个隐秘。20)Itoccurredtosbthat(突然想到……)IthadneveroccurredtoCinderellashewouldbecomeaprincesssomeday.辛德瑞拉从来没有想到她会成为一位王妃。21)not...but...(不是……而是……)Toourdisappointment,theplancausednotdevelopmentbutdestruction.让我们无望的是，这个打算带来的不是进步而是破坏。22)Itistakenforgrantedthat(……被认为是理所固然的)Ithasbeentakenforgrantedthatwomenshouldtakeonallthehousework.多年来人们始终认为女性做家务是理所固然的。23)Itis/wassaidthat(据说)Itissaidthatmanistheleastbiologicallydeterminedspeciesofallbecausehepossessesfeaturesabsentinothernaturalspecies.24)Whenitcomesto...(提及，当提到……的时候)WhenitcomestophysicsIknownothing.谈到物理学，我一无所知。25)benotmuchofa...(是个不太好的……)Mikeisnotmuchofateacherforheoftenskipsfromonesubjecttoanother.麦克不是个好教师，由于他总是从一个话题跳转到另一个话题。26)Asfarassb./sthisconcerned(就……而言，在……看来)AsfarasIamconcernedfashionbelongstowomen.在我看来，时尚是属于女性的。27)notonly...butalso(不但……而且……)Shakespeareisnotonlyagreatplaywrightbutalsoabrilliantpoet.莎士比亚不仅是一位宏大的剧作家而且是一位才华横溢的诗人。28)(neither...(nor...(既不……也不……;或者……或者……)Likingneitherthestorynorthebackgroundmusic,hefellasleepinthecinema.他既不宠爱故事情节也不宠爱背景音乐,所以在电影院里睡着了。29)nosoonerthan/hardlywhen/scarcelywhen(刚……就……)Ihadhardlyopenedthedoorwhenherushedin.我刚开门他就冲进来了。30)themore…themore(越……越……)Thefasteracountry’seconomydevelops,thesloweritspopulationgrows.一个国家的经济进展越快，它的人口增长就越慢。Thereasonwhy+isthat+句子(…的缘由是…)这是在四级考试里面用得很多的一个定语从句句型，通过why把两个句子联系起来，whythereason的定语。Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycanprovideuswithfreshair.thosewho构造，如：Thosewhoviolatetrafficregulationsshouldbepunished.违反交通规定的人应当受惩罚。SincethetimethatS+过去式，S+现在完成时。since一词将两个句子联系起来，表示一种时间关系。Sincethetimethathewenttoseniorhighschoolhehasworkedveryhard.自从他上高中，他始终很用功。生命，没有好的连接，相应的也不会有精彩的作文问世。语法精讲简介连接手段(Theconnective)定语从句、状语从句等。建议大家结合本系列丛书的《词汇?语法?完形填空分册》中的从句讲解进展学习。四级必备套句主语+谓语(过去进展时成过去完成时)+其他成分+when+主语+谓语(一般过去时)+其他成分when引导的分句表示分句行为发生的突然性，when常译为“就在这时”，该句在记叙文的写作中常常用到。OnarainydayIwasdrivingontheStreetofEternalPeacewhenInoticedayoungmanholdingupasignthatread“Frank”.在一个下雨块牌子，上面写着“弗兰克”。Nooneeverythingthatisgoingonintheworld.【分析tsgnne，everythingthat。这句子在阐述缘由时是个很有效的句子。Noonehastimetoreadanaccountofeverythingthatisgoingonintheworld.没有一个人会有时间去阅读介绍世界上正在发生的每一件事情。(在论述有选择性的阅读的重要性时)ratherthan…,weshould…【分析】“ratherthan”意为“而不是”或“没有去”。Ratherthanpursuemoneytoachievehappinessweshouldfocusontheimprovementofpartsofourselves.除了(表示所说的不包括在内)。Heneverspeakstomeotherthantoaskforsomething. 他除了向我要东西，从不跟我说话。Shehasnoclosefriendsotherthanme. 她除了我以外从没有别的好朋友。一、词类转换是名词、动词、形容词之间的转换。例子：她的书给我们的印象很深。译文：Herbookimpressedusdeeply。“impress“。二、减词英语的表达倾向简洁，汉语比较宠爱重复。重复，作为一种汉语修辞方法，在某种场合下，重复的表达一个意思，是为了强调，加强语气。例子：这是革命的春天，这是人民的春天，这是科学的春天!让我们张开双臂，吵闹拥抱这个春天吧!译文：Letusstretchoutourarmstoembracethespring,whichisoneoftherevolutionofthepeopleandofscience。表达，用定语从句来翻译，使英文句子读起来也朗朗上口。三、增词法在翻译段落时，为了能充分的表达原文含义，以求达意，翻译时有必要增加词语来使英文的表达更加顺畅。例子：虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。译文：Modestyhelpsonetogoforward,whereasconceitmakesonelagbehind。whereas，以使英语的句子表达更加有规律性。四、语态转换语态分为被动语态和主动语态，汉语中主动语态消灭频率较高，而与之相反，英语中被动语态的使用率较高。因此考生在翻译时，要留意语态之间的转换。例子：这个小女孩在上学的路上受了伤。译文：Thelittlegirlwashurtonherwaytoschool。批注：这里，“受了伤”的主动语态转换为“washurt“的被动语态。五、语序变换六、分译与合译简洁，通俗易懂。同时也可以把汉语的两个较简短的句子译成一句，中间用连接词来链接。七、正反表达翻译正反表达翻译可以分为两种状况：例子：他的演讲不充实。译文：Hisspeechisprettythin。批注：以上用法属于“汉反英正”的用法。帮助大家顺当备考，大家可以在马上到来的考试中取得抱负成绩。修饰后置作。Beingasecretaryisaverycomplexjobwhichneedstheabilitytoorganize,coordinateandcommunicate.分析：本句中“格外简洁的需要组织、协调和沟通力气”是修饰which次。插入语插入语一般对一句话作一些附加的说明。它是中学英语(课程)语法的重点，也是高考(课程)的考点。通常与句中其它局部没有语法上的联系，将它删掉之后，句子构造照旧完整。插入语在句中有时是对一句话的一些附加解释、说明或总结;有时表达说话者的态度和看法;有时起强调的作用;;还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用;也可以承上启下，使句子连接得更严密一些。栗子：中国结(theChineseknot最初是由手工艺人制造的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。TheChineseknot,originallyinventedbycraftsman,hasbecomeanelegantandcolorfulartandcraftafterhundredyearsofimprovement.分析：本句中“最初是由手工艺人制造的”是对中国结的补充说明，将它删掉之后主句照旧完整，故在译文中将其作为插入语。非限定性从句句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。栗子：中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(theMingandQingDynasties)特别流行。Chinesepapercuttinghasahistoryofmorethan1,500years,whichwasparticularlywidespreadduringtheMingandQingDynastie.无主句的翻译不行能没有主语的，下面我们看看这种句子怎么翻译。栗子：历代都知名匠、名品产生，形成了深厚的文化积淀。Wecanseefamouscraftsmenandfineworksineachdynasty,whichhasformedadeepculturalaccumulation.分析：本句中是没有主语的，这就需要我们为句子补上主语。所we”。英语四级翻译练习：儒家思想请将下面这段话翻译成英文：儒家思想(Confucianism)(feudalrulingclass的指导思想之一。儒家思想的核心其实是一种人道主义(humanism)。它提倡自我修养，认为人是可教化的、可完善的。儒家每个人都能扮演好自己的角色，并与他人维持良好的关系。◆参考翻译:ConfucianismConfucianismisthelargestChineseschoolofthoughts,andthemainstreamconsciousnessoftheancientChina.Confucianismhadbeenoneoftherulingdoctrinesofthefeud