QCT 1209-2024《汽车噪声与振动（NVH）术语和定义》

ICS43.020CCST40QCTermsanddefinitionsofnoiseandvibration(NVH)formotorvehicl（本稿完成日期：20231025）“在提交反馈意见时，请将您知道的相关专利连同支持性文件一并附上。”中华人民共和国工业和信息化部发布IQC/TXXXXX—XXXX 12规范性引用文件 13术语和定义 1附录A（资料性）汽车噪声与振动（NVH）现象描述常用象声词 21 QC/TXXXXX—XXXX本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分:标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定起请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。本文件由全国汽车标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC114）提出并归口。本文件起草单位：中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司、重庆长安汽车股份有限公司、广州汽车集团股份有限公司、东风汽车集团有限公司、中国第一汽车集团有限公司、中国重型汽车集团有限公司。本文件主要起草人：邱群虎、廖祥凝、潘威、王永亮、冯婧婷、常晏宁、王健、陈达亮、靳红英、任超。本文件为首次制定。1QC/TXXXXX—XXXX汽车噪声与振动（NVH）术语和定义本文件规定了汽车噪声与振动（NVH）相关的特定术语和定义。本文件适用于M、N类车辆。2规范性引用文件本文件没有规范性引用文件。3术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本文件。3.1振动与噪声基础术语3.1.1NVH噪声（Noise）、振动（Vibration）与声振粗糙度（Harshness）的英文首字母组成的英文缩写，代表由汽车产生的声音和触觉感知。3.1.2噪声noise不需要、不希望有的声音或其他干扰。[来源：GB/T2900.86-2009，801-21-08]3.1.3振动vibration围绕某一平衡点的机械振荡。此振荡可以是周期性的或随机的。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，3.1]3.1.4自由振动freevibration激励或约束去除后系统出现的振动。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，3.23]3.1.5受迫振动forcedvibration由一个与时间有关的外力所激发的系统振动。：（[来源：GB/T2298-2010，3.22]3.1.6周期振动periodicvibration振动参量随时间自变量在经过某一相同增量后能重复出现的振动。2QC/TXXXXX—XXXX[来源：GB/T2298-2010，3.2]3.1.7简谐振动simpleharmonicvibration振动参量可由时间自变量的正弦函数描述的周期振动。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，3.3]3.1.8随机振动randomvibration瞬时值不可预知的振动。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，3.4]3.1.9扭转振动torsionalvibration物体绕自身轴线扭转而产生的周期振动。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，3.6]3.1.10冲击shock能激起系统瞬态扰动的力、位置、速度或加速度的突然变化。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，4.1]3.1.11激励excitation作用于振动系统上的外力或其他激振形式，使系统以某种方式产生振动响应。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，2.1.14]3.1.12响应response振动系统由激励引起的运动或其他输出。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，2.1.15]3.1.13阻尼damping由于外界作用和（或）系统本身固有的原因引起的振幅随时间逐渐减小的特性。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，2.1.4]3.1.14结构阻尼structuraldamping由结构内的内部摩擦引起的结构内的能量耗散。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，3.93]3.1.15频率frequency质点在单位时间内做周期运动的次数。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，5.1.1，有修改]3.1.16角频率angularfrequency单位时间内变化的相角弧度值。3QC/TXXXXX—XXXX[来源：GB/T51306-2018，5.1.2]3.1.17固有频率naturalfrequency由系统本身质量、刚度和边界条件所决定的振动频率。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，5.1.3]3.1.18基频fundamentalfrequency振动系统最小的固有频率。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，5.1.4]3.1.19共振resonance当外部激励频率接近结构系统某固有频率时，其振动响应达到极大值的现象。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，2.2.5]3.1.20共振频率resonancefrequency系统发生共振的频率。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，6.2.6]3.1.21振幅amplitude结构振动时，其位移、速度、加速度、内力、应力、应变等振动响应的单方向最大变化幅度。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，2.2.15]3.1.22相位phase振动物理量随时间做简谐运动时，任意时刻所对应的角变量。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，2.2.16]3.1.23峰值peakvalue给定区间的振动量的最大值。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，2.2.18]3.1.24峰峰值peak-to-peakvalue一个周期内振动量最高值和最低值之间的差值。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，2.2.19]3.1.25均方根值rootmeansquarevalue（RMS）将N个数项的平方和除以N后开平方的值。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，2.2.20]3.1.26谱（频谱）spectrum（frequencyspectrum）将一个量作为频率或波数的函数的描述。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，5.3.6]3.1.274QC/TXXXXX—XXXX频程frequencyinterval两个声或其他信号的频率间的距离。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，2.62，有修改]3.1.28倍频程octave上限频率与下限频率之比是2的某次方时，称该频带是某次倍频程。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，5.1.24]3.1.29拍振beatvibration两个频率相近、幅值相近的正弦振动信号叠加，所形成的时强时弱的振动。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，4.0.15]3.1.30拍频beatfrequency两个频率略有差别的振动的频率差的绝对值。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，3.39]3.1.31隔振vibrationisolation采用弹性元件（常配有阻尼元件）以隔离或减小振动传递的措施。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，8.1.1]3.1.32隔振效率vibrationisolationefficiency振动系统采用隔振后的振动响应幅值相对于隔振前振动响应幅值的差值与隔振前的振动响应幅值之比。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，8.2.3]3.1.33静刚度staticstiffness结构在静态力作用下某点力与位移的比。3.1.34动刚度dynamicstiffness在动态条件下作用力的变化与位移的变化之比。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，2.1.3]3.1.35模态mode系统固有特性的统称。[来源：DL/T292-2011，3.4，有修改]3.1.36模态分析modalanalysis通过振动模态来表征复杂线性系统的振动分析方法。[来源：ISO2041-2018，3.1.44，有修改]3.1.375QC/TXXXXX—XXXX模态参数modalparameter模态的特征参数。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，5.2.9，有修改]3.1.38振型modeshapeofvibration系统以特定的频率做简谐振动时各点所呈现的运动形态。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，5.1.10，有修改]3.1.39模态密度modaldensity每单位带宽的模态数。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，2.47]3.1.40耦合模态coupledmodes由于能量通过阻尼从一个模态转移到另一个模态而相互影响的振动模态。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，3.64]3.1.41刚体模态rigidbodymode由结构刚体运动表示的模态。3.1.42声音sound物体振动产生的声波，通过介质（空气、固体或液体）传播并能被人或动物听觉器官所感知的波动现象。3.1.43纯音puretone有单一音调的声觉。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，11.4，有修改]3.1.44背景噪声backgroundnoise被测汽车噪声不存在时周围环境的噪声（包括风噪）。[来源：GB1495-2002，3.4]3.1.45声源soundsource正在发声的物体。3.1.46声压soundpressure有声波时，媒质中的压力与静压的差值。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，2.21]3.1.47声强soundintensity6QC/TXXXXX—XXXX声场中某点处，与质点速度方向垂直的单位面积上在单位时间内通过的声能称为瞬时声强。它是一个矢量，在稳态声场中，声强是瞬态声强在一定时间内的平均值。注：单位为瓦每平方米（W/m2）[来源：GB/T3947-1996，2.26]3.1.48声功率soundpower单位时间内通过某一面积的声能。注：单位为瓦（W）。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，2.30]3.1.49声功率级soundpowerlevel给定声功率与基准声功率之比的常用对数。以分贝（dB）为单位表示的声功率是该值的10倍。注：除另有规定外，基准声功率为1pW。[来源：GB/T2900.86-2009，801-22-05]3.1.50声压级soundpressurelevel给定声压与基准声压之比的对数。其他媒质中的基准声压均1μPa。[来源：GB/T2900.86-2009，801-22-07，有修改]3.1.51计权声压级weightingsoundpressurelevel用计权网络测得的声压级。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，9.2.10，有修改]3.1.52声强级soundintensitylevel规定方向上的给定声强与基准声强之比的对数。以分贝（dB）为单位表示的声强级是该比值常对数值的10倍。注：除另有规定外，基准声强为1pW/m2。[来源：GB/T2900.86-2009，801-22-06]3.1.53听觉判断声音强弱的属性。根据它可以把声音排成由轻到响的序列。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，9.7]3.1.547QC/TXXXXX—XXXX等于根据听力正常的听者判断为等响的1000Hz纯音（来自正前方的平面行波）的声压级。注：单位为方（phon）。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，9.9]3.1.55等响线equal-loudnesscontour典型听者认为响度相同的纯音的声压级与频率的关系的曲线。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，9.11]3.1.56声场soundfield媒质中有声波存在的区域。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，4.56]3.1.57自由场free[sound]field均匀各向同性媒质中，边界影响可以不计的声场。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，4.57]3.1.58扩散[声]场diffuse[sound]field能量密度均匀、在各个传播方向作无规分布的声场。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，4.63]3.1.59近场near[sound]field自由场中，声源附近瞬时声压与瞬时质点速度不同相的声场。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，4.61]3.1.60远场far[sound]field自由场中，离声源远处瞬时声压与瞬时质点速度同相的声场。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，4.62]3.1.61[声]反射[acoustic]reflection声波波阵面由两种媒质之间的表面返回的过程。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，4.43]。3.1.62混响reverberation声源停止发声后，声音由于多次反射或散射而延续的现象。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，2.70，有修改]3.1.63声阻抗acousticimpedance在波阵面的一定面积上的声压与通过这个面积的体积速度的复数比值。8QC/TXXXXX—XXXX声阻抗可以用力阻抗表示：等于力阻抗除以有关面积的平方，单[来源：GB/T3947-1996，5.13，有修改]3.1.64吸声soundabsorption材料或物体将在媒质中传播的或投射于两种媒质分界面上的声能转化为热的过程、现象或特性。[GB/T2900.86-2009，801-31-01]3.1.65吸声系数soundabsorptioncoefficient在给定频率和条件下，被分界面（表面）或媒质吸收的声功率，加上经过分界（隔声结构）透射的声功率所得的和数，与入射声功率之比。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，12.38，有修改]3.1.66反射系数reflectioncoefficient反射波能量与入射波能量之比。这表明边界反射声音的程度。3.1.67透射系数transmissioncoefficient透射波能量与入射波能量之比。3.1.68隔声soundinsulationindex声音通过阻抗不匹配装置使声音反射而不透射的过程。[来源：GBT51306-2018，9.3.4]3.1.69隔声量soundreductionindex;传声损失transmissionloss对于规定频带，混响声源室和接收室中平均声压级之间的差值（dB加上隔墙面积与接受室中总赛宾吸声量之比常用对数的10倍。[来源：GB/T2900.86-2009，801-31-39，有修改]3.1.70插入损失insertionloss采取某种降噪措施前后，某一噪声敏感点的噪声级差值。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，9.3.2]3.1.71驻波standingwave振幅的空间分布固定不变的波。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，3.78]3.1.729QC/TXXXXX—XXXX心理声学psychoacoustics，psychologicalacoustics研究声音的主观感觉与客观参数间关系的科学。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，9.2]3.1.73宋sone响度的单位。频率为1000Hz、声压级为40dB的一个纯音所产生的响度是1宋。任何一个声音的响度如果被听者判断为1宋的n倍，这个声音的响度就是n宋。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，9.8]3.1.74语音清晰度articulationIndex（AI）描述在噪声环境下说话的清晰程度。3.1.75粗糙度roughness用于描述调制频率在20Hz～300Hz范围的调制声音。3.1.76尖锐度sharpness描述声音的尖锐程度。注：单位为acum，定义中心频率为1kHz、带宽为160Hz的3.1.77波动度fluctuationstrength反映声音的幅值调制特性。3.1.78白噪声whitenoise在很宽的频率范围内频谱连续且单位带宽能量与频率无关的噪声信号。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，9.1.8]3.1.79粉红噪声pinknoise在很宽的频率范围内频谱连续且单位带宽能量与频率成反比的噪声信号。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，9.1.9]3.1.80质量定律masslaw决定墙或间壁隔声量的基本定律，可表达为墙或间壁的隔声量与他的面密度的以10为底的对数成正比。注：面密度指隔声结构单位面积的质量，kg/m2。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，12.25]3.1.81残响时间/混响时间reverberationtime声音已达到稳态后停止声源，平均声能密度自原始值衰减到其百万分之一（60dB）所需要的时间。QC/TXXXXX—XXXX[来源：GB/T3947-1996，12.47]3.1.82听阈hearingthreshold在规定条件下，以一规定的信号进行的多次重复试验中，对一定百分数的受试者能正确地判别所给信号的最低声压。信号的特性、它到达听者的方式以及测量声压的地点都必须说明。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，9.16]3.1.83掩蔽masking一个声音的听阈因另一个声音的存在而上升的现象。[来源：GB/T2900.86-2009，801-29-31，有修改]3.1.84亥姆霍兹共鸣器Helmholtzresonator在声波作用下可激起内部空气发生共振而使声音加强或者减弱的具有细颈（开口相比容积较小）的物体或空腔。3.1.85导纳mobility机械系统中某点的速度与该点或另一点的力的复数比。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，2.54]3.1.86传递函数transferfunction零初始条件下，线性系统响应（输出）的拉普拉斯变换（或z变换）与激励（输入）的拉普拉斯变换（或z变换）之比。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，5.3.4]3.1.87频率响应函数frequency-responsefunction(FRF)线性系统中，以频率为自变量的振动响应的傅里叶变换与激励的傅里叶变换之比，简称频响函数。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，5.3.5]3.1.88振动传递函数vibrationtransferfunction(VTF)一个点的振动输出对另一个点振动输入（力）的传递函数。3.1.89噪声传递函数noisetransferfunction(NTF)一个点的声音（声压）对另一个点振动输入（力）的传递函数。3.1.90声-声传递函数acoustictransferfunction(ATF)响应点声压与声源体积加速度的比值，是声音对声音的传递函数。注：也称为声-声灵敏度，单位为帕每立方米每平方秒Pa/(m/s3.1.91原点动刚度inputpointinertance（IPI）测试时在结构某个点上施加单位简谐激振力，测得该点的加速度响应或位移响应，根据响应幅值的大小来评价该位置在动载荷作用下的局部刚度。QC/TXXXXX—XXXX3.1.92空气声air-bornenoise(ABN)经过空气传播到车内的噪声。3.1.93结构声structure-bornenoise(SBN)经过汽车结构传播而来的机械振动引起的噪声。3.1.94声固耦合acousticstructuralcoupling结构振动同声场互相影响的现象。3.1.95空腔声学模态cavityacousticmode封闭空腔（例如汽车乘客舱）中的声音共振特征可表征为与特定压力分布（振型）和固有频率相关的声学振动模式。3.1.96空腔共振cavityresonance当外界振动激励频率或声音激励频率接近或等于封闭空腔固有频率时，空腔产生共鸣的现象。3.1.97辐射噪声radiatednoise声源的声能以声波形式传播的噪声。3.2NVH现象相关术语3.2.1车内噪声interiornoise车内乘员可听到的噪声的总称。3.2.2车外噪声exteriornoise由汽车向车外辐射噪声的总称。3.2.3怠速振动idlevibration汽车怠速时产生的整车振动。3.2.4怠速噪声idlenoise汽车怠速时产生的噪声。3.2.5点、熄火抖动keyon/keyoffshake发动机启动或熄火时产生的整车抖动现象。3.2.6加速振动accelerationvibration汽车加速行驶时产生的整车振动。3.2.7加速噪声accelerationnoise汽车加速行驶时产生的噪声。QC/TXXXXX—XXXX3.2.8匀速噪声cruisenoise汽车匀速行驶时产生的噪声。3.2.9匀速振动cruisevibration汽车匀速行驶时产生的整车振动。3.2.10减速振动decelerationvibration汽车减速行驶时产生的整车振动。3.2.11减速噪声decelerationnoise汽车减速行驶时产生的噪声。3.2.12加速横向振动accelerationlateralvibration汽车加速时产生的整车左右振动的现象。3.2.13离合器颤振clutchjudder汽车起步时离合器结合过程中驱动系统扭转振动激励引起的整车纵向振动。3.2.14方向盘抖动steeringwheelshake转向系统方向盘垂向或横向的振动。3.2.15方向盘摆振/方向盘旋转方向振动steeringwheelshimmy转向系统方向盘绕旋转方向的振动。3.2.16换挡冲击shiftshock汽车在静止或行驶时换挡产生的瞬态冲击振动。通常伴随冲击异响。3.2.17风噪windnoise汽车与空气相对运动产生的噪声。3.2.18泄漏噪声leaknoise外噪声穿过车身缝隙或孔洞传递到车内的噪声。3.2.19空腔噪声cavitynoise气流在车身外部部件之间缝隙形成的空腔里面振荡产生的噪声。3.2.20风振噪声buffeting汽车行驶时，车窗或天窗开启后出现的低频噪声。3.2.21缠绕振动wind-upvibration悬架系统中出现的围绕车轴的旋转振动。3.2.22QC/TXXXXX—XXXX路噪roadnoise汽车在行驶过程中由路面激励引起的车内噪声总称。3.2.23轮胎噪声/胎噪tyrenoise行驶车辆的轮胎与路面相互作用、轮胎与空气相互作用以及轮胎的变形而产生的空气噪声。3.2.24发动机噪声enginenoise发动机本体及其附件向空间传出的声音，主要包含燃烧噪声和机械噪声两部分。3.2.25发动机燃烧噪声enginecombustionnoise发动机气缸内燃烧压力引起的发动机本体发出的噪声。3.2.26发动机机械噪声enginemechanicalnoise由发动机各运动部件的振动或冲击产生的噪声总称。3.2.27水泵噪声waterpumpnoise水泵工作时产生的噪声。3.2.28发电机噪声alternatornoise发电机工作时产生的噪声。3.2.29增压器系统噪声superchargersystemnoise增压器系统（含机械增压系统及涡轮增压系统）工作时产生的噪声。3.2.30进气噪声intakenoise发动机进气系统产生的噪声。3.2.31排气噪声exhaustnoise发动机排气系统产生的噪声。3.2.32齿轮啸叫gearwhine齿轮啮合产生的阶次噪声。3.2.33齿轮敲击声/敲齿声gearrattle间隙轮齿连续碰撞产生的异常噪声。3.2.34鼓风机噪声blowernoise鼓风机旋转引起的噪声。QC/TXXXXX—XXXX3.2.35压缩机噪声compressornoise压缩机工作时引起的噪声。3.2.36风扇噪声fannoise风扇旋转引起的噪声。3.2.37燃油泵噪声fuelpumpnoise燃油泵工作时产生的噪声。3.2.38燃油晃荡声fuelsloshingsound汽车在制动或蠕行等行驶工况时，燃油晃动引起的声音。3.2.39制动颤振brakechatter制动过程中，制动器发生低频振动的现象。[来源：GB/T26665-2011，4.37]3.2.40制动噪声brakenoise制动过程中，制动引起的噪声。[来源：GB/T26665-2011，4.38]3.2.41电动动力系统噪声electricpowertrainnoise电驱动系统及传动系统产生的噪声总称。3.2.42电磁噪声electromagneticnoise电机系统运转工作时，电磁场交替变化引起定子或转子等机械部件振动而产生的噪声。3.2.43电机调制阶次噪声electricmotorPWMordernoise电机应用脉宽调制控制技术，在噪声频谱上表现为在开关频率的两侧呈对称的边频阶次特征的噪3.2.44异响buzz，squeakandrattle（BSR）汽车在正常使用过程中，产生的不正常、无规律的声音。3.3NVH评价、试验与分析相关术语3.3.1NVH主观评价NVHsubjectiveevaluationQC/TXXXXX—XXXX驾乘人员对汽车噪声与振动水平的直观感觉与评价。3.3.2NVH客观评价NVHobjectiveevaluation通过测试与分析的方法得到噪声与振动的参数来评价车辆噪声与振动。3.3.3声品质soundquality在特定的技术目标或任务内涵中声音的适宜性。3.3.4消声室anechoicroom边界有效地吸收所有入射声音、使其中基本是自由声场的房间。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，12.72]3.3.5半消声室semi-anechoicroom地板为反射面的消声室，以模拟半自由空间的房间。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，12.73]3.3.6混响室reverberationroom混响时间长，使声场尽量扩散的房间。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，12.74]3.3.7声学风洞acousticwindtunnel满足汽车风噪测试要求的风洞。3.3.8加速度计accelerometer加速度传感器accelerationtransducer将输入加速度转换成与其成比例的输出量（通常为电参数）的传感器。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，5.10]3.3.9力传感器forcetransducer将输入力转换成与其成比例的输出量（通常为电参数）的传感器。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，5.15]3.3.10振动发生器vibrationgenerator振动台vibrationmachine激振器vibrationexciter专门设计用于产生振动的、振动参数是可控制和可重现的、具有台面能够固定试验样品进行振动试验的机器。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，3.100]3.3.11振动校准仪vibrationcalibrator用于振动计和振动测试系统校准的设备。3.3.12QC/TXXXXX—XXXX力锤forcehammer由刚性质量块、紧固在质量块一端的力传感器和紧固在力传感器另一端的锤头组成的冲击激励试验用的锤形工具。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，7.5.20]3.3.13传声器microphone将声音转换成相应电信号的电声换能器。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，6.15]3.3.14声级计soundlevelmeter预加校准的，包括传声器、放大器、衰减器、适当计权网络和具有规定动态特性的指示仪表的仪器，用以测量声级。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，6.50]3.3.15校准calibration在规定条件下，为确定测量仪器或测试系统所指示的量值与对应的测量标准所复现的量值之间关系所进行的一组操作。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，7.3.2]3.3.16声校准器soundcalibrator在其耦合到规定型号和结构的传声器上时，能在一个或多个规定的频率产生一个或多个已知有效声压级的校准装置。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，6.65]3.3.17量程range仪器标称范围的上下两极限之差的值。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，7.2.2]3.3.18灵敏度sensitivity输出量的变化值与相应的被测量的变化值之比。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，7.2.3]3.3.19数字信号处理digitalsignalprocessing(DSP)用数字技术对信号进行采集、存储、传输、变换等的方法和技术。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，14.29]3.3.20采样sampling以时间、角度、转数或其他独立机械变量的值为序对一个变化的物理量进行的测量。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，6.2]3.3.21采样频率samplingfrequency对于均匀的采样数据，单位时间内采样的点数。QC/TXXXXX—XXXX[来源：GB/T2298-2010，6.3]3.3.22采样周期samplingperiod两个连续采样点之间的持续时间。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，6.4]3.3.23奈奎斯特频率Nyquistfrequency以给定的采样速率采集的数据之最大可用频率。注：奈奎斯特频率fN=fs/2。其中：fs——采样频率[来源：GB/T2298-2010，6.5]3.3.24采样间隔samplinginterval两连续采样之间的以物理单位或工程单位（例如：时间，角度，转速）表示的数量。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，6.7]3.3.25记录长度recordlength采样数据点的一个连续集合中所包含的数据点的个数。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，6.28]3.3.26混迭aliasing在采样频率不够高时，信号在采样过程中其频段内叠加虚象谱的现象。在信号重建时形成的噪声称为混迭噪声（aliasingnoise）。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，14.44]3.3.27频率分辨率frequencyresolution两相邻谱线之间的频率差。[来源：GB/T2298-2010，6.8]3.3.28傅里叶变换Fouriertransform将满足一定条件的某个函数表示成三角函数（正弦和/或余弦函数）或者它们的积分的线性组合。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，5.2.4]3.3.29计权weighting对信号进行变换或约束的一种方法。其基本点是突出信号中的某些成分，抑制信号中的另一些成分。对信号不同成分所乘的不同比例因子称为计权函数（weightingfunction）。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，2.85]3.3.30窗函数windowfunction为了减少因数据截断造成的信号频谱能量泄露，对信号进行截断处理时所用的权函数，简称窗。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，7.4.11]QC/TXXXXX—XXXX3.3.31振动加速度级vibrationlevel加速度与基准加速度之比，并以10为底的对数乘以20。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，5.4.1]3.3.32阶次order旋转机构每转一圈某事件发生的次数。3.3.33阶次分析orderanalysis将频谱与旋转机构的转速关联起来的方法。3.3.34传递路径transferpath激励源与响应点之间的路径。3.3.35传递路径分析transferpathanalysis(TPA)用于识别和评价能量从激励源到某个响应点的各个结构与空气传递路径的方法。3.3.36有限元法finiteelementmethod(FEM)一种将连续体离散化，以求解各种力学问题的数值方法。3.3.37边界元法boundaryelementmethod以定义在边界上的边界积分方程为控制方程，通过对边界分元插值离散，化为代数方程组求解。3.3.38统计能量法statisticalenergyanalysis(SEA)从能量观点研究和分析振动与噪声的统计处理方法。3.3.39模态试验modaltest为确定系统模态参数所做的振动试验。[来源：GB/T51306-2018，7.5.6]3.3.40车身气密性试验bodyairleakagetest根据压差式流量测量原理来测量车身泄漏的试验。3.4NVH控制技术相关术语3.4.1环境噪声environmentnoise在工业生产、建筑施工、交通运输和社会生活中所产生的干扰周围生活环境的声音。3.4.2道路交通噪声roadtrafficnoise汽车在道路上行驶时产生的噪声。QC/TXXXXX—XXXX3.4.3汽车定置噪声noiseemittedbystationarymotorvehicle车辆不行驶，发动机处于空载运转状态时产生的噪声。3.4.4汽车加速行驶车外噪声noiseemittedbyacceleratingmotorvehicle汽车加速行驶时产生的车外噪声。3.4.5声学包soundpackage汽车上用于吸声或隔声的部件的统称。注：狭义的声学包是指起到吸声或隔声的内饰件。广义的声学包指汽车上3.4.6吸声材料soundabsorptionmaterial由于多孔性、薄膜作用或共振作用而对入射声能具有吸收作用的材料。[来源：GB/T3947-1996，12.52]3.4.7阻尼材料dampingmaterial通过将振动能转化为热能来吸收振动能的材料。常见为阻尼板、阻尼片、沥青板等。3.4.8静态密封staticseal汽车静止时的密封。3.4.9动态密封dynamicseal汽车运动时的密封。3.4.10阻性消声器absorptivesilencer具有相对小压力损失的宽频带声衰减消声器，通过多孔或纤维材料的管道内衬的摩擦将声能部分地转化为热能。[来源：GB/T20431-2006，3.2，有修改]3.4.11抗性消声器reactivesilencer反射型和共振型消声器的总称，其主要的衰减不是声能损耗。[来源：GB/T20431-2006，3.3]3.4.12橡胶悬置rubbermount以橡胶为隔振元件的隔振器。3.4.13液压悬置hydraulicmount以橡胶和液压减振机构为隔振元件的隔振器。3.4.14空气弹簧airspring以空气作为弹性介质的弹簧。QC/TXXXXX—XXXX[来源：GB/T34591-2017,2.2.1]3.4.15噪声主动控制activenoisecontrol（ANC）在空间某一点，通过初级声波与次级声波的相消性干涉达到降噪目的的噪声控制方法。注：也称为主动噪声控制。一个将要被控制的声场，称为初级声场（pri（primarynoisesource），所产生的的噪声为初级噪声（primarynoise）或初级声波。人为产生的、用于抵消初级产生次级噪声的作动器称为次级作动器，如果该作动器为声源，则称为次级声源（seco3.4.16噪声主动控制系统activenoisecontrolsystem（ANCS）采用主动控制思想构建的抵消初级噪声的系统。3.4.17发动机主动降噪enginenoisecancellation（ENC）通过监测发动机转速、车内噪声等信号，利用扬声器发出与车内原噪声幅值相同相位相反的声波来降低发动机阶次噪声。3.4.18路噪主动降噪roadnoisecancellation（RNC）通过监测车身或底盘的振动、车内噪声等信号，利用扬声器发出与车内原噪声幅值相同相位相反的声波来降低路噪。3.4.19主动声音增强activesoundenhancement（ASE）通过设计使汽车音响发出改变或增强汽车内外的声音。3.4.20汽车提示音系统acousticvehiclealertingsystem（AVAS）在汽车行驶所发出噪声值低于一定数值时，用于发出提示声音、以有效地传递信息给其他道路使用者的系统。[来源：GB/T37153-2018，3.1]3.4.21电动汽车低速提示音acousticvehiclealertingofelectricvehiclerunningatlowspeed）电动汽车行驶车速低于一定数值时，由汽车提示音系统发出的提示声音。[来源：GB/T37153-2018，3.2]QC/TXXXXX—XXXX（资料性）汽车噪声与振动（NVH）现象描述常用象声词A.1轰鸣booming车内发生的较低频率且近似纯音并压迫耳膜的声音，通常频率范围为60Hz～200Hz。A.2鼓音drumming一种低沉、类似打鼓、常伴有压耳感的声音，通常频率范围为20Hz～60Hz。A.3啸叫whine齿轮或传动箱等在旋转时发出的呜呜声。A.4敲击声rattle形容快速无规律的撞击声。A.5撞击声clunk传动系统因存在间隙而碰撞产生的冲击噪声。A.6口哨声whistle类似口哨的高频噪声，例如后视镜缝隙引起的口哨声。A.7隆隆声rumble类似保龄球在球道上的滚动声，如发动机隆隆声。A.8嗡嗡声buzz常用来描述仪表板、硬饰板等部件共振时产生的声音，有明显的拍击、抖动感。A.9尖叫声squeal形容摩擦导致的持续时间较长的高频声，如制动尖叫声。A.10吱吱声squeak尖厉刺耳的吱吱声，两个接触的零部件相对滑动摩擦产生的噪声，如门栓缺乏润滑油时发出的吱呀声。A.11嘶嘶声hiss漏气的嘘声，如空气从轮胎泄出的声音、发动机增压器系统的嘶嘶声。A.12泄气声whoosh增压器泄气阀打开瞬间高压侧气体往低压侧喷射而产生的气流噪声。QC/TXXXXX—XXXX参考文献[1]GB/T2900.86-2009电工术语声学和电声学[2]GB/T2298-2010机械振动、冲击与状态监测词汇[3]GB/T51306-2018工程振动术语和符号标准[4]GB/T3947-1996声学名词术语[5]DL/T292-2011火力发电厂汽水管道振动控制导则[6]ISO2041-2018Mechanicalvibration,shockandconditionmonitoring-Vocabulary[7]GB/T26665-2011制动器术语[8]GB1495-2002汽车加速行驶车外噪声限值及测量方法[9]GB/T20431-2006声学消声器噪声控制指南[10]GB/T37153-2018电动汽车低速提示音QC/TXXXXX—XXXX汉语拼音索引白噪声···················································································································3.1.78半消声室··················································································································3.3.5背景噪声················································································································3.1.44倍频程···················································································································3.1.28边界元法················································································································3.3.37波动度···················································································································3.1.77采样······················································································································3.3.20采样间隔················································································································3.3.24采样频率················································································································3.3.21采样周期················································································································3.3.22残响时间/混响时间··································································································3.1.81插入损失················································································································3.1.70缠绕振动·············································································································3.2.21车内噪声··················································································································3.2.1车身气密性试验·······································································································3.3.40车外噪声··················································································································3.2.2齿轮敲击声/敲齿声··································································································3.2.33齿轮啸叫················································································································3.2.32冲击······················································································································3.1.10传递函数················································································································3.1.86传递路径················································································································3.3.34传递路径分析··········································································································3.3.35传声器···················································································································3.3.13窗函数···················································································································3.3.30纯音······················································································································3.1.43粗糙度···················································································································3.1.75怠速噪声··················································································································3.2.4怠速振动··················································································································3.2.5道路交通噪声············································································································3.4.2导纳······················································································································3.1.85等响线···················································································································3.1.55电磁噪声················································································································3.2.42电动动力系统噪声····································································································3.2.41电动汽车低速提示音·································································································3.4.21QC/TXXXXX—XXXX电机调制阶次噪声····································································································3.2.43点、熄火抖动············································································································3.2.5动刚度···················································································································3.1.34动态密封··················································································································3.4.9发电机噪声·············································································································3.2.28发动机机械噪声·······································································································3.2.26发动机燃烧噪声·······································································································3.2.25发动机噪声·············································································································3.2.24发动机主动降噪·······································································································3.4.17反射系数················································································································3.1.66方向盘摆振/方向盘旋转方向振动················································································3.2.15方向盘抖动·············································································································3.2.14粉红噪声················································································································3.1.79峰峰值···················································································································3.1.24风扇噪声················································································································3.2.36风噪······················································································································3.2.17风振噪声················································································································3.2.20峰值······················································································································3.1.23傅里叶变换·············································································································3.3.28辐射噪声················································································································3.1.97刚体模态················································································································3.1.41隔声······················································································································3.1.68隔声量···················································································································3.1.69隔振······················································································································3.1.31隔振效率················································································································3.1.32共振······················································································································3.1.19共振频率················································································································3.1.20鼓风机噪声·············································································································3.2.34鼓音···························································································································A.2固有频率················································································································3.1.17亥姆霍兹共鸣器·······································································································3.1.84轰鸣···························································································································A.1换挡冲击················································································································3.2.16环境噪声··················································································································3.4.1混迭······················································································································3.3.26混响······················································································································3.1.62混响室·····················································································································3.3.6QC/TXXXXX—XXXX激励······················································································································3.1.11记录长度················································································································3.3.25基频······················································································································3.1.18计权······················································································································3.3.29计权声压级·············································································································3.1.51加速度计/加速度传感器······························································································3.3.8加速横向振动··········································································································3.2.12加速噪声··················································································································3.2.7加速振动··················································································································3.2.6尖叫声························································································································A.9尖锐度···················································································································3.1.76减速噪声················································································································3.2.11减速振动·············································································································