高一英语上重要语法讲解-

定语从句

1.定语从句的结构及理解

2.定语从句的关系词的使用

3.定语从句的简化表达

知识总结归纳

（一定语从句的结构:在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代

词的定语叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或

代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词

的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词:that,which,who,whose,when,where,why。先

行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。

结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。

1.Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.

2.1nJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeans

money.

3.Athemeparkisacollectionofrides,exhibitionsorotherattractionsthatarebased

onacommontheme.

4.Theparkhasaconservationcenterthathelpsprotectmarineanimalsandtheir

habitatsintheriversandcoastalwatersofAsia.

5.Visitorscangoonexcitingrideswheretheycanfeelwhatitisliketodothethings

theyhaveseentheirheroesdointhemovie.

6.OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.

（二定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：

限定性定语从句:从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完

整，从句与先行词紧密相连。

非限定性定语从句:对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。

1.Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.

2.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,whichmusthavebeenthree

metersdeep.

3.Flora,whosebeautifulhairanddresswereallcoldandwet,startedcrying.

4.Theirtalkincludesrhythmandrhymingwordsaswellastonguetwisters,which

oftenmaketheaudienceapplaud.

（三关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面

常用which或whom.

1.TherewasamanwithwhomIwouldhavetoworktogetherandfinallythe

managerofthecompany.

2.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswimintheseawhenthey

rememberedthescenesinwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark.

知识重点与难点

（一当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是all,no,only等形式时，关系

代词一般用that,而不能用whicho

l.TheTitanicwasthelargestshipthathadeverbeenbuiltatthattime.

2.Thereisonethingthatkeepsworryingme.

（二当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用when,where,why还有

which,that

l.I'mverygladtoreturntomyhometownwhereIhadlivedforiOyears.

2.ThisismyhometownwhichIusedtotalkabouttoyou.

3.1thinkIcanunderstandthereasonwhyhedidn'ttellthetruthtome.

4.Noonebelievesthereasonthathegaveusabouthisabsenceatthemeeting.

（三定语从句的简化表达：

l.ThemanwhoissittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.

2.Theletterthatwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.

3.Thequestionthatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:4

5.

说明:以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：

l.ThemansittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.

2.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.

3.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:4

5.

说明:修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外,还可以用非谓语动词形式:doing

短语,done短语,beingdone短语,tobedone短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：

I.被修饰名词+doing短语:正在做.…的人/正在发生的事。

2.被修饰名词+done短语:被..…的人/事

3.被修饰名词+beingdone短语:正在被..…的人/事

4.被修饰名词+tobedone短语:将要被..…的人/事

(IDoyouknowthemantalkingtomysister?

66,,

(2Thecrazygesture?movingtheindexfingerinacircleinfrontofthe

ear,meanstcyouhaveaphonecall-inBrazil.

(3Didyouseethatcarbeingrepaired?

(4Inacamera,thelensmustbefocusedontheobjecttobephotographed.

(5Thestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarriveheretomorrow.

(6GoodsimportedfromabroadarenotalwaysbetterthanthosemadeinChina.

(7TheYellowRiver,saidtobe6athemotherriver^runsacrossChinalikeahuge

dragon.

总结:以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词,不定式的各种形式作

定语O

1.这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式

作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。

2.分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在

做,V-ed表示被动意义。beingdone表示正在被做的

3.不定式作定语表示将要发生的,tobedone表示将要被做的

【典型例题】

[例l]Friendshipisneededbyall,playsanimportantroleinpeople'slives.

A.which

B.that

C.who

D.it

分析:playsanimportantroleinpeople飞lives为非限定性定语从句修饰先

行词Friendship用which连接定语从句。

答案:A

[例2]UncleLiIworkedthreeyearsagohasretirednow.

A.who

B.whom

C.withwhom

D.towhom

分析:Iworkedthreeyearsago作为定语从句修饰先行词UncleLi,从句完整

的表达是:IworkedwithUncleLithreeyearsago.所以关系词前应加上介词witho

答案:C

[例3]Isthisthereasonatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?

A.heexplained

B.whatheexplained

C.howheexplained

D.whyheexplained

分析:定语从句atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork修饰先行词the

reason指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。先行词在从句中做宾语。

答案:A

[例4]Teachers,workisratherhard,arebeingbetterpaidthanbefore.

A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whose

分析:非限定性定语从句workisratherhard修饰先行词teachers,它与从句

中的work是从属关系，关系词用whose

答案:D

[例5]TheOlympicGames,in776BC,didn'tincludedwomenplayersuntill912.

A.firstplaying

B.tobefirstplayed

C.firstplayed

D.tobefirstplaying

分析:公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，直到1912年才容纳女运动员。

in776BC做定语修饰TheOlympicGames,指过去的内容，表示被动。用done做

定语O

答案:C

[例6]Thehousesfortheteachersandtheconstructionworkwillstartsoon.

A.built

B.tobebuilt

C.tobuild

D.beingbuilt

分析:根据句意房子即将开工。fortheteachersandtheconstructionwork修

饰Thehouses应为ThehousesThehouses将要为教师和施工修建的房子。

答案:B

[例7]Howmanyofus,ameetingthatisnotimportanttouswouldbe

interestedinthediscussion?

A.attended

B.attending

C.toattend

D.haveattended

分析:根据句意:比如说,我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少

人对这个讨论感兴趣呢?,say,ameetingthatisnotimportanttous修饰How

manyofus做定语。与全句动作同步.

答案:B

[例8]Shehasthreechildren,isworkinginAustralia.

A.who

B.oneofwhom

C.oneofthem

D.noneofthem

分析:非限定性定语从句—isworkinginAustralia修饰先行词threechildren,根据

从句中的is判断，是说:三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。

答案:B

【模拟试题】

1.Susanistheverygirlthegooddeed.

A.whomIthinkdid

B.whomIthinkshedid

C.whoIthinkdid

D.Ithinkwhodid

2.Luckily,thepoorboyhadenoughmoneyhecouldbuyatrainticket.

A.bywhich

B.onwhich

C.withwhich

D.forwhich

3.Thebookhedevotedmuchtimeistocomeoutnextmonth.

A.where

B.which

C.towhich

D.onwhich

4.ThedaycamefinallyIwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay.

A.when

B.inthat

C.which

D.inwhich

5.1.Don'tyouthinkthequestiontomorrowisofgreatimportance.

A.beingdiscussed

B.discussed

C.tobediscussed

D.todiscuss

6.Thefoodatthemomentisforthedinnerparty.

A.cooked

B.tobecooked

C.isbeingcooked

D.beingcooked

7.Doyouknowtheteacherunderthebigtree?

A.read

B.reads

C.reading

D.beingread

【试题答案】

l.CSusan正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩。先行词theverygirl在从句中做

think的宾语，同时又是后面宾语从句didthegooddeed.的主语，所以关系词不能用

whom

2.C定语从句hecouldbuyatrainticket.修饰先行词money:用这笔钱买火

车票。关系词前面需要加介词:with

3.C定语从句hedevotedmuchtime意思是:他把大量的时间都投入在这本

书上了。devote....tosth.关系词前加介词:to

4.A定语从句Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay修饰先行词the

day:先行词theday在从句中做时间状语:在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的机会。

5.C短语tomorrow做定语修饰thequestion,根据表达的内容:明天即将被讨

论的问题。应当用不定式的被动结构做定语。

6.D短语atthemoment做thefood的定语,表示:正在做的食物。Beingdone

做定语表示:正在被……的……。

7.C现在分词短语readingunderthebigtree做定语修饰theteacher表示:正在大

树下看书的那位老师。

情态动词

1.情态动词的推测表达

2.情态动词表达虚拟语气

3.某些情态动词的特殊用法

知识重点与难点总结

知识重点：

情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用：

（一用情态动词表达事实的推测。can,could,might,may,must可以用来表达对事

实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小,must表示“肯

定...”,may/might/can/could表示“可能",must只用于肯定句中,may/might的否定

式maynot/mightnot表示“可能不”，而can/could可以用于疑问句，表示“可能，可

能……吗?”，其否定式caift/couldift表示“不可能”。用情态动词可以对现在或过去

的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。

（二对现在的事实进行推测：

主要结构:...must/may/might+动词原形

be+名词/形容词/介词短语

be+doing

例句：

l.YoumustbeJeanne.rmMathildeLoisel.Weusedtoknoweachotherverywell.

2.Theymustbeinbedalreadyatthistimeofthenight.

3.Theteachermustbejoking.

4.Fredaisn'tinclass.Shemustbesick.

5.Theremustbesomethingwrong.

6.Shemightbeveryclever,butshehasn'tgotmuchcommonsense.

7.Hemaybearrivingthisevening.

8.Hemaybetravelingaroundtheworld.

9.Thekeyscan'tbeintheroom.Ihavejustsearcheditverycarefully.

10.Canthenewsbetrue?

（三对过去的事实进行推测:结构:情态动词+havedone/been+名词/形容词/介词短

语

例句：

1.Mrs.Longmansmusthavebeenaprettygirlinheryouth.

2.Hecouldn'thaveseenAnnayesterday.She9sgoneabroad.

3.1thinkImusthaveleftmyglassesinthelibrary.

4.Hemighthaveoversleptagain.

5.WherecanTomhavegone?

情态动词表达虚拟语气:表达“本来“不然早就…”。这是情态动词的一种虚

拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨，后悔

的语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加havedone结构。根据要表达的意思，有如

下结构：shouldhavedone/oughttohavedone:本应该...

shouldn'thavedone/oughtn5ttohavedone:本不该...

couldhavedone:本来可以...

needn'thavedone:本来没必要...

wouldliketohavedone:本来很想...

wouldrathernothavedone:本来不愿意...

could/might/havedone:不然早就...

例句：

l.Youshouldn'thavelaughedathismistakes.

2.Youcouldhavetoldusearlier.

3.1oughttohaveboughtthatdictionarylastweek.

4.Yououghtnottohavespentsomuchtimeinreadingnovels.

5.Weneednothavebeeninatearinghurrytocatchthetrain.

6.Theywouldliketohaveseenthatfilmlastfilm.

7.1fhehadgivenmehisnumber,!couldhavetelephonedhim.

8.Theymighthavebeenfrozentodeathbutfortherescueintime.

知识难点:

某些情态动词的特殊用法：

need和dare的两种形式的用法

need和dare可以用做实义动词,后面接不定式（todo结构，在疑问句和否定句中,

加助动词do/does/did/或don，t/doesn，t/didn，t。作为情态动词使用时，主要用于疑问句

和否定句中。情态动词needn't（没有必要，不必相当于don'thaveto

例句：

litiscold,youneedtowearsomewarmclothes.

2.NeedIstayherewithyouforawhile?Thankyou,youneedn't.

3.Howdareyouspeaktoparentslikethat?

注意：

句型Idaresay+从句。意思是:我肯定...=Vmsure或Thereisnodoubtthat+从

句。

例句：

IdaresaythatmyunclewillgetthemoneyifIdie.

will和would

表示“意志”或“愿意'would则指过去愿意做...

例句：

l.Hesaidthathewouldhelpus.

2.Youmaytelephoneifyouwillacceptthisjob.

would可以表达“过去习惯做..."类似于"usedtodo”

例句：

l.Whenwewerechildren,wewouldgoswimmingeverysummerinthatriver.

表示请求,固定的句型:Will/Wouldyoupleasedo...?/Wouldyouliketodo...?

快U句:Will/Wouldyoupleasegivehimamessagewhenyouseehim?

shall

1用于第一,三人称，表示“请求”;“建议”或“推荐”

例句:

1.Shallwestartthemeetingnow?

2.ShallIwatchTVnow?

3.Shallmysoncarrythecaseforyou?

2.用于第二人称，表示“命令，“要求”，“许诺”

例句:

l.Youshalltakewhateveryoulike.

2.Youshallnotgotothepartywithmeifyoumakesomuchnoiseagain.

在表示推测的否定句或疑问句中，常用can/can^/could/couldn^表示，意思是:“可

能...吗?”广…不可能而不能使用mustn't或must等词。

【典型例题】

1.—Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?

—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.Hebepreparedtogiveyou

ahand,though.

A.might

B.must

C.can

D.should

分析:本题考查情态动词推测性用法。根据heisthelastonetohelpothers.（他是

最不可能帮助别人的人，既然如此，那么“帮助你”的可能性也就最小了。答案为A

2.—Look,someoneiscoming.Guesswhoitbe?

—Ithinkit__beTom.

—Idon'tthinkit__be.

A.can;must;can;he

B.may;can;must;him

C.must;can;must;his

D.might;must;can;himself

分析:根据备选答案。can表示推测时用于疑问句或否定句中。本题首句就应该

是Guesswhocanitbe?第二句应该是IthinkitmustbeTom.（说话人十分肯定。第三

句表达了说话人对前一个人的否定。即:Idon'tthinkitcanbehim/he.（不可能是他。

答案为A3.一DoyouknowMs.Wanglikeswalkingaftersupper?

一Sure.Shearoundthecampusnow.

A.mustbewalking

B.mustwalk

C.maywalk

D.maybewalking

分析:关键词Sure告诉我们说话人的口气十分肯定。根据句子语境:她此刻肯定

正在校园散步呢。mustbedoing表示肯定正在做。答案为A

4.—IstayedatahotelinNewYork.

一Oh,didyou?YouwithBarbara.

A.couldhavestayed

B.couldstay

C.wouldsay

D.musthavestayed

分析:首句说:我在纽约住在一家宾馆里。在此ahotel是泛指。所以D选项不合

题意。第二句在说:你本来可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Couldhavedone表示:本来

可以。答案为A

5.Whydidn'tyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?Iallthewayhere

throughtheheavysnow.

A.needn'thavedriven

B.can,thavedriven

C.mustn5thavedriven

D.shouldn'thavedriven

分析:根据句意:你为什么不告诉我今天没有会?我本来没必要冒着大雪开车跑这

么多路。Needn'thavedone表示本来没必要。答案为A

6.1wasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youhomewithoutaword.

A.mustn'tleave

B.shouldn'thaveleft

C.couldn'thaveleft

D.needn5tleave

分析:根据句意:我真的很担心你，你真不应该一句话都不说就离开家。“离开家”

已经发生了。Shouldhavedone正好表达了本句的意思。答案为B

7.A:AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?

B:I'mnotsure.Igototheconcertinstead.

A.must

B.would

C.should

D.might

分析:根据B的回答:我不一定去，我有可能去听音乐会。Might表示推测:可能。

答

案为D

8.A:Ipromisethatshegetanicepresentonherbirthday.

B:Willitbeabigsurprisetoher?

A.should

B.must

C.would

D.shall

分析:A说:“我答应她在生日聚会上她会得到一份生日礼物。shall表示许诺。

答案为D

【模拟试题】

l.A:IsJohncomingbytrain?

B:Heshould,buthenot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.

A.must

B.can

C.need

D.may

2.Mr.Whiteat8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn5tshowup.

A.shouldhavearrived

B.shouldarrive

C.shouldhavehadarrived

D.shouldbearriving

3.Sorry,Pmlate.Ihaveturnedoffthealarmandgonetosleepagain.

A.might

B.should

C.can

D.will

4.Youbetired-You'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.

A.mustnot

B.won't

C.can't

D.maynot

5.—Ididn'tgotoworkyesterdayafternoonbecausemycarbrokedown.

一Youmine.Iwasn'tusingit.

A.mightborrow

B.couldhaveborrowed

C.canhaveborrowed

D.oughttoborrow

6.—Amanansweredthephone.Isupposeitwasherhusband.

—Itherhusband.Hehasbeendeadforages.

A.mustn'tbe

B.couldn'thavebeen

C.maynothavebeen

D.mustn'thavebeen

【试题答案】

1.分析:根据B的回答“他应该（坐火车来，但是也不一定,他喜欢开自己的车。本

题考查了情态动词的推测用法。may表示不十分有把握的推测。答案为D

2.分析:根据句意:White先生本应该在8:30到这里出席会议的，可他（在8:30没有

到场。Shouldhavedone表示:本应该。答案为A

3.分析:本句是说话人在解释迟到的原因:我或许是关掉闹钟又睡了。mighthave

done表示对过去的推测:可能已经……答案为A

4.分析:根据后半句You'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.（你才刚干了一个小时

说明Youbetired（你不可能很累,can，t表示“不可能”答案为C

5.分析:听到对方说“昨天车坏了而没去上班”，第二个人说“你本来可以借我的车

去上班。”本来可以/能:couldhavedone.答案为B

6.分析:第二个人是说:那个人不可能是她丈夫，因为她丈夫已经去世多年了。根

据对话的语境，是在谈论过去的事，表示过去不可能:couldnothavedone答案为:B

与it有关的主要句型

it强调句型

知识总结归纳：

（一it用做形式主语或形式宾语:根据句子结构的需要jt用做形式主语或形式宾

语,而真正的主语或宾语（todo短语,doing短语，名词性从句则放在句尾。

主要句型:

It，s+形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句

todosth.

doingsth.

find/make/think/feelit+形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句

todosth.

doingsth.

例句：

LitwillbecomemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.

2.It'susualforclosefriendstohavesimilarideasandbeliefs.

3.1fsapitythatIdidn'tthinkofitearlier.

4.1fsnousegoingtheresoearly.

5.Outteacherthinksitnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.

6.Didn'tImakeitcleartoyouthatIwasnotcoming?

7.Wefounditstrangethatnoonewouldtakethemoney.

（二其他句型

littakes+时间段+sb.+todosth.

2.表示“据说，据报道,/人们认为/相信/建议等

It'ssaidthat........

It'sreportedthat.......

Ifsbelieved/thought/suggestedthat.......

例句：

Litgenerallytakestimetoreachthispoint-beingonthesamewavelength.

2.1tisbelievedthatthetwochildrenwentoffexploring（探险ontheirownandget

stuckonthecliff.

3.It'ssuggestedthatweshouldhaveameetingtodiscusstheproblem.

4.1twasoncepredicted（预测thatBritishandAmericanEnglishwouldbecome

separatelanguagesfinally.

（三it在强调句型中:在英语中，为了突出强调句子的某一个成分（谓语除外，达到

强调或使听话人特别注意这一部分的目的。便形成了一种强调句型。

Itis/was+被强调的部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。

Itis/wasnotuntil+时间+that+句子的其他部分。

例句：

1.1sawJohnonmywaytoschoolthismorning.

ItwasJohnwho/thatIsawonmywaytoschoolthismorning.

ItwasonmywaytoschoolthatIsawJohnthismorning.

ItwasthismorningthatIsawJohnonmywaytoschool.

2.1twashisbestsuitthatJohnworetothedancelastnight.

3.1twasnotuntil1920thatregularradiobroadcastbegan.

4.1twasthestrangewaythingslookedandsoundedinmyfamiliarroomatnightthat

frightenedmesomuch.

5.1twasthekindnessandsympathyintheireyesthatpreventedmefromdoingso.

知识难点：

（一注意强调句型的变形，即以一般疑问句或特殊疑问句的形式出现的强调句

型。

l.WhatisitthatJoecan'tfindinthebathroom?

2.WherewasitthatyoumettheforeignguestsfromAustralia?

3.1can'tquiterememberwhenitwasthatwemarried.

4.Wasitbecausehewasveryillthatheaskedforleave?

（二是强调句型还是that主语从句或其他复合句

LitisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

2.1tisthesepoisonousproductsthatcancausethesymptomsoftheflu,suchas

headacheandachingmuscles.

3.1twasalmostteno9clockwhenoursoldierscamebackfromthefront.

4.Wasitinthisplacethatthelastkingdied?

（三注意强调句型中被强调部分带有定语从句

WasitattheairbattleonJune8,1944,whichwasledbyCaptainJohnsonthatPeter

losthislife.

【典型例题】

一.单项选择：

1.1don'tthinkpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemory.

A.this

B.that

C.its

D.it

分析:本题考查it做形式宾语的句型。“我认为没有大量的记忆掌握一门外语是

不可能的。”故选择D

2.Doesmatterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?

A.this

B.that

C.he

D.it

分析:本题考查it做形式主语的句型:如果他没能按时完成工作的话,这很要紧吗?

故选择D

3.Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,butdidn'thelp.

A.he

B.which

C.she

D.it

分析:本题考查it的代词用法。It指上一句的内容:Tom的母亲始终告诉他应该

努力学习。故选择D

4.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

A.There

B.This

C.That

D.it

分析:本题考查it做形式主语的句型:英语正在作为一种国际性语言被接受是一

个事实。选择D

5.1twasinthesmallhouse___wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather___hespenthis

childhood.

A.which;that

B.that;where

C.which;which

D.that;which

分析:本题考查带有定语从句的强调句型用法。句中:“__wasbuiltwithstones

byhisfather的定语从句。被强调的部分是inthesmallhouse___wasbuiltwithstones

byhisfather。根据句意:他正是在他父亲用石头盖的房子里度过了他的童年。故选

择A

二.单句改错:

l.Thatissaidthatthisnovelhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.

分析:根据句意:据说这部小说已经被译成多种语言。表示据说,应当说:Itissaid

that...oThat改为:It

2.1sthisyourturntocleantheblackboard?

分析:根据句意:该轮到你擦黑板了吧?轮到某人做某事:Itisone飞turnto

do....This改为:it

3.1tisknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

分析:表示“众所周知”可以说:Itisknowntoeveryonethat+陈述句。或:Asis

knowntoeveryone,+陈述句。It改为:As,或去掉“，”加连词that

4.Theofficialmadethisclearthathewoulddoeverythingpossibletosolvethe

problem.

分析:根据句意:这位官员宣布将尽一切力量解决这个问题。固定结构应当

是:makeitclearthat+陈述句。It在此是形式宾语。This改为:it

5.1twasintheparkwheretheoldcoupletoldmetheirlovestory.

分析:根据句意可以知道本句用了强调句型，强调地点:inthepark所以按照强调

句型的结构where改为:that

6.Althoughwecan'tseethem,thereisairaroundus.

分析:句中的代词them根据句意应当指代后面的air,但血是不可数名词，因此

them改为:it

三.翻译句子：

1.直到星期三我才给办公室去电话。

分析:表达“直到……才……”可以用not...until…引导的时间状语从句;也用强调

句型;或倒装句。

翻译：

(IIdidn'ttelephonetheofficeuntilWednesday.

(2ItwasnotuntilWednesdaythatItelephonedtheoffice.

(3NotuntilWednesdaydidItelephonetheoffice.

2.只有当我们看不清楚的时候,我们才意识到我们眼睛的重要性。

分析:本句可以用强调句表达，也可以用倒装句：

翻译：

(litisonlywhenwecannotseeperfectlythatwerealizehowimportantoureyesare.

(2Onlywhenwecannotseeperfectlydowerealizehowimportantoureyesare.

3.1twasinsurgerythattheresultsofthatdiscoverywereobtained,anditwasthere

thatthebattlebetweenthenewideaandtheoldprejudiceswasfoughtoutmost

dramatically.

翻译:那些发现的成果是在外科医学中获得的,也正是在那里，新思想与旧偏见用

最富有戏剧性的方式展开了战斗。

【模拟试题】

一.单项选择：

1.Nobodythinksverypolitetobealwayscuttinginwhenanotherpersonistalking.

A.that

B.this

C.it

D.there

2.1wasdisappointedwiththefilm,Ihadexpectedtobemuchbetter.

A.this

B.that

C.one

D.it

3.Hetoreupmyphotoandupsetme.

A.this

B.it

C.which

D.what

4.1twaswithgreatcouragetheboytoldthetruthhehadstolenthemoney.

A.which;that

B.when;what

C.as;that

D.that;that

5.WhenItrytofindthatpreventssomanypeoplefromtakingpartintheprogram,it

seemstomethattherearetwomaincauses.

A.whatitdoes

B.whatitis

C.whyitdoes

D.whyitis

6.Nancyisexpectinganotherbabyandhopeswillbeaboy.

A.he

B.that

C.it

D.there

二.句型转换：

将下列陈述句按划线的内容变为强调句。

l.Thechildrenoftenhelptheirparentsdothefarmwork.

2.1nl993,atomatowasdevelopedthatwasverydifferentfromanygrownbefore.

3.ThebiggestproblemofChinesefarmersistheshortageofarableland.

4.Futureagricultureshoulddependonhightechnologyaswellastraditional

methods.

三.阅读理解:

A

Itisimportanttoknowanotherlanguageandhowtocommunicatewithoutwords

whenyouareinanothercountry.Beforesayinganything,peoplecommunicatewitheach

otherbyusinggestures（手势.However,manygestureshavedifferentmeanings,orno

meaningatall,indifferentpartsoftheworld.

IntheUnitedStates,noddingyourheadupanddownmeans"yes”,whileinsomepats

ofGreeceandTurkeyjtmeans"no”.InthesoutheastofAsia,itisapolitewayofsaying441

heardyou^^.

TodayintheUSA,whensomeoneputshisthumbup,itmeans'Tverythingisall

right.^HoweverjinGreeceitisbad.Alsoputtingyourclasped（紧握的handsupabove

yourheadmeans“Iamthewinner.'Ttisthesignwhichplayersoftenmake.InRussiaitis

thesignoffriendship.

IntheUSA,holdingyourhandupwiththethumbandindexfinger（食指,andthe

otherthreestraightmeans'TverythingisOK.^InFrance,itmeanst6Youareworth

nothing.”

Itisalsoimportanttomakeeyecommunication.Ifyoulookdownwhentalkingtoan

American,heorshemayfeelthatyouareshy,oryouaretryingtohidesomething.

Besidesthese,youshouldalsoknowtherearesometopicsthatcannotbetalked

about,suchasage,weightandmarriage.Youcantalkaboutthe

weather,work,sports,food,whereonelivesandnewsoftheday.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Peopleallovertheworldonlycommunicatebywords.

B.Manygestureseitherhavedifferentmeaningsornomeaningsatall.

C.Gesturesarethemostcommonwaytocommunicate.

D.Peoplecantalkaboutanythinginanothercountry.

2.1nGreecenoddingyourheadmeans"

A.Yes.

B.No

C.Iheardyou

D.Iamthewinner

3.Puttingthethumbupshouldnotbeusedin.

A.Greece

B.theUSA

C.England

D.China

4.Whatdoesthissentencemean'6....youractioncanspeaklouderthanyourwords”?

A.Whatyoudoisbetterthanwhatyousay.

B.Youtryyourbesttobepolite.

C.Youarebetterunderstoodbyyourgesturesthanthroughyourwords.

D.Whatyousayisbetterthanwhatyoudo.

5.Themainideaofthepassageisthatwhenyouareinanothercountry,.

A.itisimportanttoknowthelanguage.

B.itisimportanttoknowwhatyoutalkabouttoaforeigner.

C.toknowhowtocommunicatewithoutwordsisasimportantastoknowthe

language.

D.tocommunicatethroughgesturesismoreimportantthantoknowthelanguage.

B

“Intheolddays,“asonewifesaid."Thehusbandwasthehusbandandthewifewas

thewife/lnthepasthusbandseachhadtheirownwayofgoingon.Thewives'jobswere

tolookafterthem.

“Thewiveswouldn'tstandforitnowadays.Husbandshelpwiththechildren

now.Theystaymore,aswellashavemoreinterest,athome.Weshallgivesomeexamples

ofwhathusbandsdo,firstlyinsharingworkwiththeirwives;andsecondly,intheir

largelyindependentdomain（领域ofhouserepairs.

“Somehusbands,aswellasdoingmuchoftheheavyworkinthehome,carryingthe

coals,andemptyingtherubbish,actasassistantstotheirwivesforatleastpartofthe

day."Mr.Hammondwashesupthedisheseverynightandlaysthebreakfastforthe

morning.Mr.ClarksaidthatonSundaymorningsheusuallyhovered（吸尘aroundand

readplaysaloudforhiswifewhileshedidabitofwashing.Mr.Davispolishesthefloors

andhelpstomakethebedsatweekend,andduringweekdays,takesthedogoutforoneof

histwice-dailywalks.Soitgoeson....

l.Theexpression“actasassistantstotheirwives^meansthat.

A.husbandsreadplaysaloud.

B.husbandsarepaidbytheirwives.

C.husbandshelptheirwives.

D.husbandslookaftertheirsickchildren.

2.themeaningofthewife9swordsatthebeginningofthepassagewerethat

A.inthepastmenstayedathomeallday.

B.inthepasttherewasacleardivisionofroleinthefamily.

C.inthepastmostboysandgirlsweremarriedatanearlyage.

D.inthepastwivesandhusbandslivedseparately.

3.WhatdoesMr.Davisdoatweekends?

A.Hecleansthefloorsandmakesthebeds.

B.Hereadsplaysaloudanddoestheweeklyshopping.

C.Hecooksfoodforhiswife.

D.Hetakesthedogoutforawalk.

4.Inthepast,thewoman5smainjobwasto___.

A.takethechildrentoschool.

B.takecareoftheirhusband.

C.dothewashingup.

D.digthegarden.

5.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.thedivisionofhusbands,wivesandchildren.

B.howtogetonwellbetweenhusbandsandwives.

C.therelationshipbetweenhusband,wivesandchildren.

D.therelationshipbetweenhusbandandwivestoday.

【试题答案】

一.单项选择：

l.C,it在句中做形式宾语。句型为thinkit+形容词+todosomething

2.D,it在句中作为代词指代前面说的film

3.B,it作为代词指代前面Hetoreupmyphoto这件事。

4.D,这是一个带有同位语从句的强调句，“这个男孩怀着极大的勇气说出了他偷

东西的真相。hehadstolenthemoney.做thetruth的同位语从句，用that引导。

5.B,这是一个强调句的变形，强调句变成了特殊疑问句又做find的宾语从

句,what是被强调的内容。根据句义:我在努力发现到底是什么阻止了这么多人参加

这个项目。

6.C,Nancy很快又要有一个孩子了,她希望这是个男孩。指