适用于新高考新教材广西专版2025届高考英语一轮总复习必修第三册Unit4SpaceExploration阅读题组-练速度新人教版

必修第三册UNIT4阅读题组——练速度(35mins)Ⅰ.阅读ATheBookListUnderaWhiteSkybyElizabethKolbertElizabethKolbert’sbook,UnderaWhiteSky,exploresclimateengineeringandotherbidstoaddresshumanity’simpactonnature.Below,thePulitzerwinningauthorofTheSixthExtinctionrecommendsseveralotherbooks.EncounterswiththeArchdruidbyJohnMcPhee(1971)McPhee’svividportraitofDavidBrower,theCaliforniamountaineerconsideredbymanytobethe“father”ofthemodernenvironmentalmovement,isaclassic.Itintheprocessposesoneofthecentralquestionsofourtime:Canadeveloped,technologicalsocietycoexistwithnature,orarethetwocontradictory?Spillover:AnimalInfectionsandtheNextHumanPandemicbyDavidQuammen(2012)Forunderstandinghowourbehaviourtowardsanimals,bothdomesticatedandwild,madethepandemics—inevitable,there’snobetterguide.TheAlchemyofUs:HowHumansandMatterTransformedOneAnotherbyAinissaRamirez(2024)Ramirez,amaterialsscientist,arguesthatwithourtechnologieswehavetransformednotjusttheworldaroundusbutalsoourselves.It’safascinatingidea,andRamirezmakesitcomealivethroughthestoriesofinventors,somewell-known,othersunderappreciated.AFriendoftheEarthbyT.C.Boyle(2000)Fictionaboutecologicaldisastertendstobewritteninatragickey.Boyle,bycontrast,favoursthedarklycomic.Inthisnovel,setin2025,anagingenvironmentalistiscaringforapopstar’sNoah’sArk-likeanimalshelterwhenarealfloodarrives.1.Whatdothesebookshaveincommon?A.Theyareallcollectionsofshortstories.B.Theyareallaboutpeopleandtheplanet.C.Theyallfocusontheeffectsofanimals.D.Theyallintroducethemostinfluentialpeople.2.WhatkindofbookisAFriendoftheEarth?A.Asciencefiction. B.Atragedy.C.Amysterynovel. D.Acomedy.3.Whosebooktellsabouttheimpropertreatmentofanimals?A.ElizabethKolbert. B.JohnMcPhee.C.DavidQuammen. D.AinissaRamirez.BAsurveyhasshownthatwhatyoudoonaplanecanbedeterminedbywhichnationalityislistedonyourpassport.Accordingtotheresultsofaninternationalpassengersurvey,Australiansarethebiggestdrinkersonboardwith36percentchoosingtodownthehatch,comparedto35percentofAmericansand33percentofBrits.TheAirlinePassengerExperienceAssociation(APEX)spoketoaround1,500people,aged18andolder,whohavetravelledbyplaneatleastonceduringthelastthreemonthsandwerelivingintheUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,Germany,Japan,China,Singapore,AustraliaorBrazil.TheresultsfoundChinesetravelersaremostlikelytonodoffoncetheseatbeltsignswitchesoff.Theyarealsothefirsttotakeouttheircreditcardforsomein-flightshoppingandthebiggestfansofgaming.Americansontheotherhandliketousetheirtimeintheairmoreproductively—whennotdrinking—choosingtoworkwhileflyingat35,000feet.Meanwhile,BritsandGermansarethebestatmakingchatwithrandomstrangers—spending50percentmoretimethananyothernationality.Comparatively,Braziliansconducttheirconversationsonlineviae-mail,messagingappsorthesocialmedia.Despiteplanefoodhavingabadreputation,sevenoutoftenintervieweessaidtheywerehappytoeatuptheselectionofin-flightsnacksandmeals.In-flightmagazineswerealsopopularwithfouroutoffivepassengersclaimingtoreadthem.Theinternationalflyersdid,however,expresstheirdesireforbetterin-flightentertainment.“Theindustryhasgreatlyimprovedthecomfort,entertainmentandon-boardservice,andpassengersareacceptingthoseimprovements,”saidRussellLemieux,APEXexecutivedirector.“Atthesametime,passengersaredemandingmorefromtheirairtravelexperienceswhichwilldrivemoreimprovementstouchingallaspectsofthejourney,”headded.4.Whatcanyouprobablyseeintheflightaccordingtothepassage?A.Brazilianschoosetodrink.B.Germanschattokilltheirtime.C.Americansdoin-flightshopping.D.TheChineseswitchofftheseatbeltsign.5.Whenonboardtheplane,.

A.mostpassengersliketoreadin-flightmagazinesB.passengersfromonenationhavelittleincommonC.morethanhalfofthepassengersdon’tenjoyplanefoodD.mostpeopletendtousein-flighttimetohaveagoodsleep6.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Flyerscarelittleaboutentertainment.B.Flyersareexpectingbetterflightexperiences.C.Flyersarenotsatisfiedwiththeimprovements.D.Flyershavemoreandmoredemandsforairlines.7.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toentertainreaderswithinterestingstories.B.Toencouragepeopletobehavewellinpublic.C.Tocriticiseimpolitebehaviourontheplane.D.Toinformreadersoftheresultsofasurvey.CChinahasjustofficiallyopeneditsFASTradiotelescopetointernationalscientists.Scientistsacrosstheworldcansubmitproposalsforastronomicalobservationsusingthetelescope.FASTisshortforFive-hundred-meterApertureSphericalTelescope(球面射电望远镜)anditisalsobelievedtobetheworld’slargestradiotelescopeandthemostsensitivesingle-dishradiotelescope.ThereceivingsurfaceareaofFASTis250,000squaremeters,aboutthesizeof30standardfootballfields.ItsconstructionwascompletedinSeptember2016anditofficiallybeganoperatinginJanuary2024.Themajorscientifictaskofthetelescopeistheobservationofpulsars(脉冲星)—therotatingneutronstars.Thestudyofpulsarscanhelptoconfirmtheexistenceofgravitationalradiationandblackholes,andhelpsolvemanyothermajorquestionsinphysics.AnotherscientificgoalofFASTistosearchforouterspacecivilisation.ThetelescopeislocatedinanaturallydeepandroundkarstdepressioninsouthwestChina’sGuizhouProvince.Thefirstadvantageoftheselectedsiteisthealtitude.TheaveragealtitudeofGuizhouisabout1,100meters,whichmaximizestheeffectivenessoftheobservationequipment.Secondly,theradiotelescopeneedstohavea“bigpan”toreceivebettersignals.Thehugenaturaldepressioncouldreducetheamountofexcavation(挖掘)anddifficultyofconstruction.Moreover,theselectedsiteinGuizhouisfarawayfromcities,andhasasmallpopulation,whichreducestheinterference(干扰)causedbywirelessdevicessuchasTVs,mobilephonesandradiosfromhumanactivities.FASThasidentifiedover300pulsars.Expertspredictthatthenumbercouldreach1,000infiveyearsandthatthetelescopecouldlocateandidentifythefirstpulsaroutsidetheGalaxy.Withtheopening-uptointernationalscientists,China’sFASTisexpectedtomakemorecontributionstoastronomicalresearchinthefuture.8.WhatdoweknowaboutFAST?A.Itisopenedtoglobalscientists.B.Itisaprojectunderconstruction.C.Ithasprovidedservicesince2016.D.IthasfoundapulsaroutsidetheGalaxy.9.WhatisthemaintaskofFAST?A.Tostudyblackholes.B.Toobservethepulsars.C.Toexplorethesun.D.Toseekspacecivilisation.10.What’sspecialabouttheselectedsite?A.It’sclosetourbanareas.B.Itreducesengineeringamount.C.Itpossessesashallowdepression.D.It’satthehighestaltitudeinChina.11.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MajorScientificTasksofFASTB.WaystoSelecttheSiteforFASTC.ContributionsFASTHasMadeD.FactsAboutFASTRadioTelescopeD(2024·广西桂林、崇左高三联合调研考试)NASAismakingpreparationstosendacrewtothemoonwhowillexplorethelunarsurfacewiththehopeofconstructingastablehabitat.AlthoughtheAmericanspaceagencyfocusesonjustsendingastronauts,othercompaniesarelookingfurtherintothefutureforwhenhumanswillcolonizethenaturalsatellite.ExpertsatMoney,acompanyforconsumercreditproducts,releasedthefirst-evermoonloanguidethatrevealslivingonthelunarsurfacewouldcost$325,067amonth.“WiththeEarthbecomingincreasinglypopulatedandspacetechnologyadvancing,itwon’tbelongbeforelunarlivingbecomesthenewnormal,”readsthestudy.TheteamfromMoneyusedvariousfactorstocalculatethecostofahouseonthemoon:rawmaterialsneededtobuildahouse,thespecialmaterialsneededtobuildonthemoon’satmosphere,astronautsrequiredtotraveltobuild,andtheaveragecostoftransportingmaterialstothemoon.Accordingtothemoonloanguide,thefirstfullyfunctioninghouseonthemoonwouldbe$48,454,063,whichisahighpriceforahome.Thepriceincludesaddinglife-savingdetailstohomessuchasairseals,industrial-strengthair-conditionersandheaters.“Generatingenergyisvitalwhenlivinginsuchextremeconditions,andthereforethecostofsomesuppliesmayforceyoutoconsidersomealternativeoptions.Themostefficientwaytogenerateelectricityonthemoonistobuyasmallnuclearreactorcosting$1.3million,”Moneysharesinthestudy.“Alternatively,34solarpanelswouldgenerateenoughelectricitytorunonehouseandcostonly$23,616incomparison.”Theguidealsorevealsthemostideallocationsonthemoon,with“SeaofRains”beingconsidered“theperfectfamilysuburb”—thisregionsitsatthenorthandisoneofthelargestimpactcraters(陨石撞击坑)intheSolarSystem.12.What’sthepurposeofNASAsendingacrewtothemoon?A.Toencouragecompaniestoreleasemoonloan.B.Tocolonizethemoonalone.C.Toexplorethemoonfornaturalresources.D.Tobuildalastinglivingplaceonthemoon.13.Whichofthefollowingwasnotconsideredwhentheteamestimatedthecostofalunarhouse?A.Materialsneededtobuildahouseonthemoon.B.Thecostoflookingforthemostideallocationonthemoon.C.Astronautsneededtotraveltobuildahouseonthemoon.D.Theaveragecostoftransportingmaterialstothemoon.14.Whatcanweinferfromthestudy?A.Lunarlivingwon’ttakelongtobecomeareality.B.Thefirsthouseonthemoonwillbethemostexpensivehome.C.Youwilldefinitelybuyanuclearreactortogenerateelectricityonthemoon.D.TheperfectlocationonthemoonforlivingisthelargestimpactcraterintheSolarSystem.15.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Thefirstloanguideaboutlivingonthemoon.B.Themoon—themostideallivingplaceforhumans.C.NASAwillsendastronautstothemoon.D.Livingonthemoonhasbecomepossible.Ⅱ.七选五(2024·湖北武汉武昌高三5月质量检测)ChooseOptimismOptimismandpessimismarebothpowerfulforces,andeachofusmustchoosewhichwewanttoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations.Thereisenoughgoodandbadineveryone’slifetofindasensiblebasisforeitheroptimismorpessimism.1It’sourdecision:Fromwhichperspectivedowewanttoviewlife?Willwelookupinhopeordownindespair?

2Thewayyoulookatlifewilldeterminehowyoufeel,howyouperformandhowwellyouwillgetalongwiththeotherpeople.Onthecontrary,negativethoughts,attitudes,andexpectationsfeedonthemselves;theybecomeaself-fulfillingprediction.Pessimismcreatesadarkplacewherenoonewantstolive.

Optimismdoesn’tneedtobenaïve(轻信的).3Someofthemarenotdealtwitheasily.Butwhatadifferenceoptimismmakesintheattitudeoftheproblemsolver!Forexample,throughtheyearsI’veheardsomepeoplesaythatthemoneyspentonourspaceprogramhasbeenwasted.“Insteadofspending$455milliontoputamanonthemoon,”theysay,“whynotspendthatmoneyhereonearthonthepovertyproblem?”Butwhenyouaskthemexactlyhowtheywouldspendthatmoneytosolvethepovertyproblem,mostofthemdon’thaveananswer.“Givemeasolution,”Itellthem,“andI’llraiseyouthemoney.”Anoptimistdoesnotjustcriticize.4

Optimismdistractsourattentionawayfromnegativismandchannelsitintopositive,constructivethinking.Whenyou’reanoptimist,you’remoreconcernedwithproblem-solvingthanwithuselesscomplaintsaboutissues.5Ittakesadreamer—someonewithhopelesslyoptimisticideas,greatpersistence,andunlimitedconfidencetotackleaproblemthatbig.It’syourchoice.

A.Thegoodinlifefaroutweighsthebad.B.Wecanchoosetolaughorcry,blessorcurse(诅咒).C.Anoptimisticattitudeisnotaluxury;it’sanecessity.D.Hethinksinpositivetermsabouthowtoaddresstheissue.E.Youcanbeanoptimistandstillrecognizethatproblemsexist.F.Infact,withoutoptimism,issuesasbigandongoingaspovertyhavenohopeofsolution.G.America’sspaceprogramresultedinmanypositivediscoveriesthathavebenefitedmankind.

必修第三册UNIT4阅读题组——练速度Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章是一个书单,介绍了五本书的主要内容等。1.B解析微小环节理解题。依据第一段的“exploresclimateengineeringandotherbidstoaddresshumanity’simpactonnature”,其次段的“adeveloped,technologicalsocietycoexistwithnature”,第三段的“understandinghowourbehaviourtowardsanimals,bothdomesticatedandwild”,第四段的“withourtechnologieswehavetransformednotjusttheworldaroundusbutalsoourselves”以及第五段的“anagingenvironmentalistiscaringforapopstar’sNoah’sArk-likeanimalshelterwhenarealfloodarrives”可知,这些书的共同之处在于它们都是关于人类和这个星球的。故选B项。2.D解析推理推断题。依据最终一段的“Fictionaboutecologicaldisastertendstobewritteninatragickey.Boyle,bycontrast,favoursthedarklycomic.”可知,AFriendoftheEarth是一部喜剧。3.C解析微小环节理解题。依据第三段“Forunderstandinghowourbehaviourtowardsanimals,bothdomesticatedandwild,madethepandemics—inevitable,there’snobetterguide.”可知,DavidQuammen的书讲解并描述了对动物的不当对待。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于乘机习惯的调查结果。在飞机上,无论是喝杯酒放松一下,还是埋头阅读杂志,抑或与邻座的乘客攀谈,这些乘机习惯都可能由乘客的国籍确定。4.B解析微小环节理解题。依据第五段的“Meanwhile,BritsandGermansarethebestatmakingchatwithrandomstrangers...”可知,德国人会和生疏人闲聊以打发时间,因此选B项。5.A解析微小环节理解题。依据倒数其次段中的“In-flightmagazineswerealsopopularwithfouroutoffivepassengers...”可知,大部分乘客宠爱看飞机上供应的杂志。6.B解析推理推断题。依据最终一段的“Atthesametime,passengersaredemandingmorefromtheirairtravelexperiences...”可知,乘客要求航空公司供应更好的乘机服务,希望自己能有更好的乘机体验,因此选B项。7.D解析推理推断题。本文主要告知我们一项关于乘机习惯的调查结果,因此选D项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国官方已正式向全世界科学家开放了天眼天文观测项目,同时介绍了天眼的特色功能、选址和任务,另外还介绍了天眼已获得的成果及其前景。8.A解析微小环节理解题。依据第一段首句可知,中国刚刚正式向全世界科学家开放天眼;依据其次段尾句可知,B项“正在建立”和C项“从2016年起先已经供应服务”均错误,天眼是在2016年竣工,并于2024年1月正式投入运用。依据最终一段其次句可知,D项“天眼已发觉银河系外的一个脉冲星”错误。9.B解析微小环节理解题。依据第三段首句可知,天眼的主要科学任务是对脉冲星的观测。10.B解析微小环节理解题。依据第四段中的“couldreducetheamountofexcavationanddifficultyofconstruction”可知,选在此地可以削减挖掘和施工困难,即可以削减工程量。11.D解析主旨大意题。本文主要讲解并描述天眼对外国科学家的开放、特色功能、选址、任务及成就,故本文是在讲解并描述天眼的几个事实。故D项作为标题最合适。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲解并描述了月球生活所需的费用。12.D解析微小环节理解题。依据第一段第一句“NASAismakingpreparationstosendacrewtothemoonwhowillexplorethelunarsurfacewiththehopeofconstructingastablehabitat.”可知,NASA送宇航员去月球的目的是希望在月球上建立一个稳定的居住地。13.B解析微小环节理解题。依据第三段中的“TheteamfromMoneyusedvariousfactorstocalculatethecostofahouseonthemoon:rawmaterialsneededtobuildahouse,thespecialmaterialsneededtobuildonthemoon’satmosphere,astronautsrequiredtotraveltobuild,andtheaveragecostoftransportingmaterialstothemoon.”可知答案为B项。14.A解析推理推断题。依据第三段第一句“‘WiththeEarthbecomingincreasinglypopulatedandspacetechnologyadvancing,itwon’tbelongbeforelunarlivingbecomesthenewnormal,’readsthestudy.”可知A项正确。依据第四段第一句“Accordingtothemoonloanguide,thefirstfullyfunctioninghouseonthemoonwouldbe$48,454,063,whichisahighpriceforahome.”可知B项中的themostexpensive与原文不符;依据第四段中的“‘Generatingenergyisvitalwhenlivinginsuchextremeconditions,andthereforethecostofsomesuppliesmayforceyoutoconsidersomealternativeoptions.Themostefficientwaytogenerateelectricityonthemoonistobuyasmallnuclearreactorcosting$1.3million,’Moneysharesinthestudy.‘Alternatively,34solarpanelswouldgenerateenoughelectricitytorunonehouseandcostonly$23,616incomparison.’”可知,昂扬的价格或许会迫使你选择其他的发电形式。最有效的是买一个nuclearreactor(原子炉),但会花费1.3million美元。然而用太阳电池板发同样的电只需花费23,616美元。所以definitely错误,太确定;依据最终一段可知,月球上最适合居住的地方是太阳系中最大的陨石撞击坑之