话题12 知识见识

话题12知识见识（3篇+8篇）话题角度：生活常识、自然科普、人文景观和事物发展史（完形填空A：2021，2018；选择型阅读理解：2021E，2020C，2020D，2018C，2017D，2016D，2013C，2012D；还原型阅读理解：2018）

【教材语篇链接】单元单元七年级（下）Unit8居住地及周围环境九年级（全）Unit6茶的发展史八年级（下）Unit7珠穆朗玛峰九年级（全）Unit8巨石阵之谜八年级（下）Unit9三个博物馆

教材优质语篇读写练课外语篇拓展练Passage

1【人教九年级（全）Unit

8

Section

B

2b,P62】Stonehenge—Can

Anyone

Explain

Why

It

Is

There?

Stonehenge,

a

rock

circle,

is

not

only

one

of

Britain’s

most

famous

historical

places

but

also

one

of

its

greatest

mysteries.

Every

year

it

receives

more

than

750,000

visitors.

People

like

to

go

to

this

place

especially

in

June

as

they

want

to

see

the

sun

rising

on

the

longest

day

of

the

year.

For

many

years,

historians

believed

Stonehenge

was

a

temple

where

ancient

leaders

tried

to

communicate

with

the

gods.

However,

historian

Paul

Stoker

thinks

this

can’t

be

true

because

Stonehenge

was

built

so

many

centuries

ago.

“The

leaders

arrived

in

England

much

later,”

he

points

out.

Another

popular

idea

is

that

Stonehenge

might

be

a

kind

of

calendar.

The

large

stones

were

put

together

in

a

certain

way.

On

midsummer’s

morning,

the

sun

shines

directly

into

the

center

of

the

stones.

Other

people

believe

the

stones

have

a

medical

purpose.

They

think

the

stones

can

prevent

illness

and

keep

people

healthy.

“As

you

walk

there,

you

can

feel

the

energy

from

your

feet

move

up

your

body,”

said

one

visitor.

No

one

is

sure

what

Stonehenge

was

used

for,

but

most

agree

thatthe

position

of

the

stones

must

be

for

a

special

purpose.

Some

think

it

might

be

a

burial

place

or

a

place

to

honor

ancestors.

Others

think

it

was

built

to

celebrate

a

victory

over

an

enemy.

Stonehenge

was

built

slowly

over

a

long

period

of

time.

Most

historians

believe

it

must

be

almost

5,000

years

old.

One

of

the

greatest

mysteries

is

how

it

was

built

because

the

stones

are

so

big

and

heavy.

In

2001,

a

group

of

English

volunteers

tried

to

build

another

Stonehenge,

but

they

couldn’t.

“We

don’t

really

know

who

built

Stonehenge,”

says

Paul

Stoker.

“And

perhaps

we

might

never

know,

but

we

do

know

they

must

have

been

hard-working

and

great

planners!”【I

know

them】1.historical

adj._________→_________（n.）历史→___________（n.）历史学家历史的historyhistorian2.communicate

with__________________和……沟通/交流3.built

v._______→________（原形）建立build4.arrived

v.

到达短语：___________到达（大地方）___________到达（小地方）arrive

inarrive

at5.point

out_______指出6.________v.

发光；照耀→________（过去式/过去分词）shone7.medical

adj._________________→___________（n.）药；医学医学的；医疗的medicine8.be

used

for_________被用来9.burial

n._____________→_______（v.）埋葬埋葬；安葬bury10.___________v.

庆祝；庆贺→_____________（n.）庆典；庆祝活动celebratecelebration11.a

period

of

time___________一段时间shines【I

can

think】选择正确答案(

)1.Which

of

the

following

statements

may

Paul

Stoker

agree

with?A.

Stonehenge

was

a

temple

where

ancient

leaders

tried

to

communicate

with

the

gods.B.

Stonehenge

might

be

a

kind

of

calendar

in

which

stones

were

put

together

in

a

certain

way.C.

These

stones

can

prevent

illness

and

keep

people

healthy.D.

The

people

who

built

Stonehenge

must

have

been

good

at

planning.D(

)2.Which

of

the

following

best

shows

the

structure

of

the

passage?BA.

B.

C.

D.

(

)3.What’s

the

purpose

of

the

passage?A.

To

introduce

Stonehenge.B.

To

invite

people

to

visit

Stonehenge.C.

To

make

people

believe

historians’

ideas.D.

To

encourage

people

to

build

another

Stonehenge.A【I

can

express】一、句子翻译1.Every

year

it

receives

more

than

750,000

visitors._____________________________每年它接待超过75万名游客。2.They

think

the

stones

can

prevent

illness

and

keep

people

healthy._____________________________________________他们认为石头可以预防疾病并使人们保持健康。二、回答问题1.What

do

you

think

Stonehenge

was

used

for?___________________________________________I

think

it

was

used

for

honoring

ancestors.Passage

2

【人教九年级（全）Unit

6

Section

B

2b,P46】Do

You

Know

When

Basketball

Was

Invented?

Basketball

is

a

much-loved

and

active

sport

that

is

enjoyed

by

many

for

fun

and

exercise.

It

is

over

100

years

old

and

is

played

by

more

than

100

million

people

in

over

200

countries.

It

is

believed

that

the

first

basketball

game

in

history

was

played

on

December

21,

1891.

Then

in

1936

in

Berlin,

it

became

an

event

at

the

Olympics.

Basketball

was

invented

by

a

Canadian

doctor

named

James

Naismith,

who

was

born

in

1861.

When

he

was

a

college

teacher,

he

was

asked

to

think

of

a

game

that

could

be

played

in

the

winter.

Dr.

Naismith

created

a

game

to

be

played

inside

on

a

hard

floor.

Dr.

Naismith

divided

the

men

in

his

class

into

two

teams

and

taught

them

to

play

his

new

game.

Players

on

the

same

team

must

work

together

to

get

the

ball

in

the

other

team’s

basket.

At

the

same

time,

they

need

to

stop

the

competing

team

from

getting

the

ball

into

their

own

basket.

Today,

the

popularity

of

basketball

has

risen

around

the

world,

with

many

young

people

dreaming

of

becoming

famous

players.

In

China,

you

can

sometimes

see

people

playing

basketball

in

parks,

schools

and

even

factories.

Basketball

has

not

only

become

a

popular

sport

to

play,

but

it

has

also

become

a

popular

sport

to

watch.

Although

American’s

NBA

games

are

the

most

famous,

the

CBA

games

are

becoming

more

popular

in

China.

The

number

of

foreign

players,

including

Chinese

players,

in

the

NBA

has

increased.

There

are

also

more

and

more

foreign

players

in

the

CBA.

Many

young

people

look

up

to

these

basketball

heroes

and

want

to

become

like

them.

These

stars

encourage

young

people

to

work

hard

to

achieve

their

dreams.【I

know

them】1.active

adj._________→_________（n.）活动→___________（pl.）积极的activityactivities2.in

history___________在历史上3.invented

v._______→___________（n.）发明；发明物发明invention4.divided

v._____________搭配：_______________把……分成……分开；分散o...5.taught

v.___________→________（原形）搭配：_____________________教某人做某事teachteach

sb.

to

do

sth.6.on

the

same

team_______________在同一个团队7.stop...from

doing

sth._________________阻止……做某事8.popularity

n._____________→__________（adj.）受欢迎的普及；流行popular9.risen

v.___________________→______（原形）→_______（过去式）升起；增加；提高riserose10.the

number

of_____________……的数量教；讲授encourage12.____________v.

鼓励；鼓舞搭配：_________________________鼓励某人做某事encourage

sb.

to

do

sth.achieve13._________v.

实现；达到；完成→______________（n.）成就；成绩achievement11.look

up

to_____________敬仰；崇拜【I

can

think】选择正确答案(

)1.What

does

the

underlined

word

“they”

in

Paragraph

2

refer

to?A.

Games.

B.

Students.

C.

Players.

D.

Countries.C(

)2.Which

is

the

correct

order

of

the

following

events?a.

The

first

basketball

game

was

played.b.

Naismith

invented

basketball.c.

More

than

100

million

people

play

basketball.d.

Basketball

became

an

event

at

the

Olympics.A.

a-b-d-c

B.

b-d-a-c

C.

a-d-b-c

D.

b-a-d-cD(

)3.What’s

the

main

idea

of

the

third

paragraph?A.

The

invention

of

basketball.

B.

The

importance

of

basketball.C.

The

history

of

basketball.

D.

The

popularity

of

basketball.D【I

can

express】一、句子翻译1.Many

young

people

look

up

to

these

basketball

heroes

and

want

to

become

like

them._______________________________________________许多年轻人敬仰这些篮球英雄，并想像他们一样。2.These

stars

encourage

young

people

to

work

hard

to

achieve

their

dreams._______________________________________这些明星鼓励年轻人努力学习实现梦想。二、长难句分析1.Basketball

was

invented

by

a

Canadian

doctor

named

James

Naismith,

who

was

born

in

1861.该句中，主句是_______________________（时态和语态），named是___________形式作___________，修饰_________；who引导_______________从句，修饰先行词_________________。一般过去时的被动语态过去分词后置定语doctor非限制性定语James

Naismith2.Today,

the

popularity

of

basketball

has

risen

around

the

world,

with

many

young

people

dreaming

of

becoming

famous

players.该句是___________时，句中已有谓语___________，所以在with的独立结构中，动词要用分词形式，many

young

people和动词dream是_______关系，所以dream要用___________形式。现在完成has

risen主谓现在分词Passage

3【北师大九年级Unit

8

Lesson

22，P90】

What

discoveries

have

influenced

our

lives

most?

Here’s

a

list.

Do

you

have

any

to

add?

Three

centuries

ago,

many

children

died

very

young

because

of

different

diseases.

Now

with

antibiotics,

a

lot

of

these

diseases

can

be

cured

easily.

However,

we

need

to

be

careful

about

how

we

use

antibiotics

because

if

we

do

not

use

them

correctly,

they

can

cause

serious

health

problems.Antibiotics（抗生素）

DNA

is

the

building

block

of

life

and

was

discovered

in

1869.

Over

many

years,

scientists

have

slowly

learned

more

and

more

about

DNA.

In

1928,

scientists

discovered

that

DNA

passed

on

certain

characteristics

from

parents

to

children.

In

1953,

the

famous

structure

of

DNA

was

discovered.

Now,

scientists

have

a

map

of

our

DNA

that

tells

them

a

great

deal

about

what

we

get

from

our

parents.

If

we

learn

more

about

DNA,

we

will

be

able

to

treat

more

diseases.DNA

Wilhelm

Roentgen,

a

German

scientist,

was

the

first

to

study

and

name

X-rays

in

1895

and

in

1901,

he

was

awarded

the

first-ever

Nobel

Prize

in

Physics

for

this

discovery.

X-rays

go

right

through

some

things,

like

skin

and

wood,

but

are

stopped

by

others,

such

as

bones

or

metal.

This

means

that

they

can

be

used

to

see

broken

bones

in

people

or

things

inside

suitcases.

With

X-ray

machines

doctors

can

treat

broken

bones

much

more

easily.

If

we

discover

more

about

the

human

body,

we

can

help

people

live

longer

and

better

lives.

X-rays【I

know

them】1.discoveries

n.发现→__________（v.）发现discover2.influenced

v._______→___________（n.）影响力；支配力影响influence3.centuries

n._______世纪4.diseases

n._____________疾病；灾害5.cured

v._______→_______（原形）治疗cure6.easily

adv._________________→_______（adj.）

容易的;简单的容易地；轻易地easy7.be

careful

about_____________当心；注意正确地；得体地8.correctly

adv._________________严肃的;

认真的9.serious

adj._________________问题10.problems

n._______多年来11.over

many

years_________传递12.pass

on_______特征13.characteristics

n._______结构14.structure

n._______大量；许多15.a

great

deal_____________授予；颁发16.awarded

v._____________破碎的；坏掉的17.broken

adj._________________→________（原形）→________（过去式）→_________（过去分词）breakbrokebroken【I

can

express】一、句子仿写1.However,

we

need

to

be

careful

about

how

we

use

antibiotics

because

if

we

do

not

use

them

correctly,

they

can

cause

serious

health

problems.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________You

need

to

learn

to

do

housework

because

if

you

don’t

learn

to

do

that,

you

won’t

live

your

life

independently

and

easily.2.Now,

scientists

have

a

map

of

our

DNA

that

tells

them

a

great

deal

about

what

we

get

from

our

parents._______________________________________________________________________________________He

is

watching

a

TV

programme

that

shows

us

what

we

should

do

during

an

earthquake.二、回答问题1.What

does

the

writer

encourage

us

to

do?_________________________________________________________________________________To

discover

more

about

the

human

body./To

help

people

live

longer

and

better

lives.Passage

1【2021江西阅读E】【读前预先练】1.physical

similarities_____________物理相似性2.identical

twins_____________同卵双胞胎3.personalities

n._______性格4.intelligence

n._______智力5.genes

n._______基因6.be

raised

by_________________由……抚养长大7.couples

n._______夫妻8.plenty

n._______许多英尺；脚10.feet

n.___________→______（单数）foot磅11.pound

n._____发现做某事是困难的12.find

it

hard

to

do

sth._____________________区分某些人13.tell

sb.

apart_____________（sb.为复数）与……结婚14.married

v._____________婚姻15.marriage

n._______破碎16.break

up_______情书17.love

notes_______妻子18.wives

n._______→_______（单数）wife9.have...in

common_______________________在……方面有共同之处得出结论20.concluded

v.___________主要21.mostly

adv._______与……有关系22.be

connected

to_______________而不是23.rather

than_________训练24.training

n._______教育25.education

n._______研究26.research

n._______经历27.experiences

v._______影响28.affect

v._______表现29.behaves

v._______19.unlikely

adj.___________不可能的

Many

scientists

once

believed

that

physical

similarities

between

identical

twins

are

genetic（基因的）,

while

their

personalities,

intelligence,

and

other

differences

between

them

are

an

effect

of

their

environment.

Now

scientists

are

discovering

that

the

boundaries（界限）between

genes

and

environment

are

not

so

clear.

Twins

Jim

Springer

and

Jim

Lewis

were

adopted（领养）as

babies

and

raised

by

different

couples.

When

the

Jims

finally

met

at

age

39,

they

discovered

they

had

plenty

in

common.

Both

were

six

feet

tall,

180

pounds.

They

had

the

same

smile

and

the

same

voice.

When

scientist

Thomas

Bouchard

Jr.

invited

the

Jim

twins

to

his

lab,

people

there

found

it

very

hard

to

tell

them

apart.

But

the

similarities

didn’t

stop

at

the

physical.

They’d

both

had

dogs

named

Toy.

They

had

both

married

women

named

Linda,

and

then

their

marriage

broke

up.

They’d

both

been

policemen,

enjoyed

music,

and

left

love

notes

around

the

house

for

their

wives.

They

had

so

much

in

common

that

it

seemed

unlikely

these

were

just

coincidences（巧合）.

The

Jim

twins

were

just

one

of

137

sets

of

separated

twins

Bouchard

tested.

When

they

compared

the

twins’

IQ

scores,

Bouchard

and

his

team

reached

a

surprising

conclusion（结论）.

They

concluded

that

intelligence

was

mostly

connected

to

genes

rather

than

to

training

or

education.

It

seemed

the

differences

in

family

and

environment

had

little

effect.

However,

genes

can’t

control

everything,

argues

geneticist

Danielle

Reed,

who

also

studies

twins.

Reed’s

research

shows

that

though

nothing

can

truly

change

our

DNA,

environmental

differences

that

a

child

experiences

before

birth

and

in

their

first

year

can

sometimes

affect

the

way

the

DNA

behaves,

making

even

identical

twins

into

very

different

people.

“What

I

like

to

say

is

that

Mother

Nature

writes

some

things

in

pencil

and

some

things

in

pen,

”

she

explains.

“Things

written

in

pen

you

can’t

change.

That’s

DNA.

But

things

written

in

pencil

you

can.”(

)1.How

many

physical

similarities

between

the

Jim

twins

are

mentioned?A.

2.

B.

3.

C.

4.

D.

5.C(

)2.What

did

Bouchard’s

study

find

about

the

twins?A.

Each

seemed

to

be

as

tall

as

their

twin.B.

Each

had

the

same

hobby

as

their

twin.C.

Each

had

almost

the

same

ability

as

their

twin.D.

Each

had

about

the

same

IQ

level

as

their

twin.D(

)3.What

is

Reed’s

opinion

about

genes

and

environment?A.

Only

DNA

has

an

effect

on

our

development.B.

Environment

could

possibly

change

some

things

about

us.C.

There

are

no

boundaries

between

genes

and

environment.D.

Environmental

differences

can

sometimes

change

our

DNA.B(

)4.What

is

the

passage

mainly

about?A.

The

way

the

DNA

behaves.B.

The

similarities

between

the

Jim

twins.C.

The

connection

between

intelligence

and

families.D.

The

effects

of

genes

on

personality

and

intelligence.D【I

can

think】选择正确答案(

)1.What

does

the

underlined

word

“they”

in

Paragraph

2

refer

to?A.

Jim

Springer

and

Jim

Lewis.

B.

Jim

and

Linda.C.

Bouchard

and

his

students.

D.

Reed

and

her

students.A(

)2.What

does

the

last

paragraph

mainly

talk

about?A.

Reed’s

experience.

B.

Reed’s

plan.C.

Reed’s

hope.

D.

Reed’s

idea.D(

)3.Which

of

the

following

best

shows

the

structure

of

the

passage?BA.

B.

C.

D.

【I

can

express】一、句子仿写1.When

scientist

Thomas

Bouchard

Jr.

invited

the

Jim

twins

to

his

lab,

people

there

found

it

very

hard

to

tell

them

apart._____________________________________________________________________The

two

words

sound

so

similar

that

I

find

it

hard

to

tell

them

apart.2.It

seemed

the

differences

in

family

and

environment

had

little

effect.________________________________________________________________________________________________It

seemed

Nancy

had

already

known

about

the

news

that

his

father

wouldn’t

come

back

this

month.3.What

I

like

to

say

is

that

Mother

Nature

writes

some

things

in

pencil

and

some

things

in

pen._______________________________________________________________________________________________What

I

like

to

say

is

that

it

is

high

time

we

should

do

something

to

help

protect

the

environment.二、回答问题1.Which

scientist’s

idea

do

you

agree

with?

Give

at

least

one

reason._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I

agree

with

Bouchard’s

idea

because

the

twin

brothers

of

my

aunt’s

do

have

much

in

common.

It

seems

strange

but

is

really

a

fact.I

agree

with

Reed’s

idea

because

I

think

different

environments

can

have

a

big

influence

on

a

person’s

growing

up.2.Do

you

think

it

is

nice

to

have

a

twin

brother

or

twin

sister?

Why

or

why

not?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I

think

it

is

nice.

I

have

this

idea

because

I

really

want

to

have

a

person

who

has

much

in

common

with

me.I

don’t

think

it

is

nice

because

I

can’t

stand

there

is

a

person

who

looks

the

same

as

me.

I

think

it

is

quite

strange

and

may

cause

many

problems.Passage

2【2020江西阅读C】【读前预先练】1.photograph

v._____________给……拍照2.risky

adj.___________有风险的3.pleasant

adj._____________令人愉悦的4.wildlife

n._____________野生动植物5.psychologist

n.___________心理学家6.extreme

athletes_____________极限运动员7.take

risks_______冒险

Some

people

ski（滑雪）

down

mountains.

Others

climb

huge

rocks

or

photograph

dangerous

animals.

Why

do

people

enjoy

risky

activities

like

these?

Some

people

take

risks

simply

because

it

makes

them

feel

good.

Psychologist（心理学家）

Marvin

says

that

this

kind

of

explorers（探险者）

are

always

looking

for

change

and

excitement.

When

people

do

something

new

or

risky,

a

chemical（化学物质）

in

the

brain

creates

a

pleasant

feeling.

They

love

this

feeling

and

want

to

experience

it

as

often

as

possible.

Other

people

don’t

take

risks

for

the

feeling

of

excitement

but

to

achieve

a

goal.

For

example,

Mike

Fay

went

on

a

dangerous

2,000-mile

special

journey

in

central

Africa.

He

worked

to

help

save

the

wildlife

there.

Fay’s

expeditions

helped

create

13

national

parks.

For

other

people,

such

as

extreme

athletes（极限运动员），

taking

risks

is

part

of

their

job.

Sports

psychologist

Shane

says

extreme

athletes

see

the

world

differently.

In

a

dangerous

activity,

most

people

probably

do

not

feel

in

control.

Extreme

athletes

are

different:

they

feel

in

control

in

dangerous

situations.

The

danger

can

even

help

them.

For

example,

skier

Daron

Rahlves

says

that

being

afraid

makes

him

try

harder

to

succeed.

Most

of

us

are

not

extreme

athletes

or

explorers.

However,

we

still

take

risks

in

our

lives.

Some

of

us

take

social

risks,

such

as

speaking

in

front

of

a

large

group

of

people.

Sometimes,

we

take

financial

risks,

such

as

buying

a

house.

And

sometimes

we

take

career

risks,

such

as

leaving

a

job

or

starting

a

business.

Most

people

take

risks

in

some

areas

of

life,

but

not

in

others.

What

kind

of

risk-taker

are

you?(

)1.What

does

the

underlined

word

“it”

in

Paragraph

2

refer

to?A.

The

brain.

B.

Something

new.C.

A

chemical.

D.

A

pleasant

feeling.D(

)2.What

does

the

underlined

word

“expedition”

in

Paragraph

3

mean?A.

Much

money.

B.

A

journey

with

a

special

goal.C.

A

great

idea.

D.

A

plan

for

a

dangerous

journey.B(

)3.How

many

kinds

of

extreme

athletes

or

explorers

are

mentioned

in

the

passage?A.

Three.

B.

Four.

C.

Five.

D.

Six.A(

)4.Which

of

the

following

is

true

according

to

the

passage?A.

Mike

Fay

is

a

professional

risk-taker.B.

Most

people

don’t

take

risks

in

their

daily

life.C.

Extreme

athletes

deal

with

danger

better

than

others.D.

Daron

Rahlves

takes

risks

mainly

for

change

and

excitement.C【I

can

express】一、句子仿写1.Some

people

take

risks

simply

because

it

makes

them

feel

good._____________________________________________________________________Some

students

do

volunteering

work

because

it

makes

them

feel

happy.2.Other

people

don’t

take

risks

for

the

feeling

of

excitement

but

to

achieve

a

goal._________________________________________________________________________________________________These

kind

people

do

the

work

not

for

money

but

to

help

those

who

are

in

trouble

live

a

better

life.二、回答问题1.Will

you

take

risks

such

as

skiing

down

mountains

or

climbing

large

rocks？Give

at

least

one

reason

to

support

your

idea.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yes，I

will.

I

think

it

will

make

me

become

braver.No，I

won’t.

I

always

believe

safety

comes

first

and

I

don’t

want

to

make

my

family

worried.2.What

risk

have

you

ever

taken？How

did

you

feel

at

that

time?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I

once

made

a

speech

in

front

of

many

students

and

teachers.

I

was

nervous

at

first.

But

later,

when

I

saw

they

were

listening

to

my

speech

carefully,

I

became

relaxed.Passage

3【2021杭州阅读D】【读前预先练】1.keep

a

diary_________写日记2.predict

v._______→____________（n.）预测预测prediction3.depend

on_________取决于4.caught

v._______→________（原形）短语：catch

one’s

attention___________________抓住catch吸引某人的注意力5.control