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概要写作Summarywriting新题型2021/5/91Asummaryisa
shortstatementthatgivesonlythemainpoints
ofsth,notthedetails《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》读者在正确理解文章的基础上,在不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下,用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。
Itisabrief,thorough
and
objective
restatementofthemainideaandkeypointsofalongercomposition.01Whatisasummary?2021/5/92a60-wordsummaryuseyourownwordsinthethirdpersonwithabriefsentenceconnectionbetweensentences(句子衔接)02RequestsofSummaryWriting2021/5/93Whatisagoodsummary?概要写作评分标准第五档(21–25points):1.理解准确,涵盖所有要点2.准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇3.完全使用自己的语言。(60-80W)4.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使概要结构紧凑contents(内容)languageskills(语言)structure(结构)2021/5/94TheelementsofanargumentationArgumentationastrongstatementofopinionsupportfortheopinionconclusion/suggestionstopicsentencessupportingsentencesthepurposeofthepassage2021/5/951.shutdown2.fine3.complain4.overcharge5.threaten6.staff2021/5/966.checkout7.netizens8.due9.relevant10.standby11.investigate12.authority13.Illegal14.severely2021/5/97ShutdownClosedownfinemakesbbesurethat…complainhandicappedattempttrytodosththenandthererightaway2021/5/98Recently,awildfishrestaurantwasorderedtoshutdownInHarbin,northeastChina’sHeilongjiangProvince.Asaresult,theowneroftherestaurantfacedafineof500,000yuan.ChenYan,atouristfromChangzhou,eastChina’sJiangSuProvince,complainedonlineonFebruary12thathewasovercharged10,000yuanforthreebigfishatalocalwildfishrestaurantinSongbeiDistrictofHarbin.Worsestill,heclaimedthathisfamilymemberswerebeatenandthreatenedbytherestaurantstaffwhenthehequestionedthebillatthecheckout.Chen’scomplaintimmediatelyspreadonChina’ssocialmedia.Theinvestigationshowedthattherestauranthadnofault,sincetheyhadalreadytagged(标签)theprice,whichraiseddoubtamongnetizensagain.
2021/5/99Furtherinvestigationshowedthatonetypeofthefishserved,Huso,wasnottherealwildspecies,butakindoffarmedfishatamuchlowerprice.Sincethepricesofthefishdidhaveviolatedtherightsofconsumers,therestaurantgotitsduepunishment.Meanwhile,relevantgovernmentdepartmentsthathavestoodbythesideoftherestaurantinthefirstplacewouldalsobeinvestigatedandpunished.Similarcasesoffraudulent(欺骗)pricingatscenicspotshavealsoreportedelsewhereinChina.InOctober2015,forinstance,atouristwasoverchargedforacourseofshrimp(虾)InthecoastalcityofQingdao,eastChina'2021/5/910概要写作难点1Howtogetthekeypointsquicklyandcorrectly?(如何快速、准确地捕捉要点)抓住主题句或关键信息,忽略次要信息2021/5/911Para1:Recently,awildfishrestaurantwasorderedtoshutdowninHarbin,northeastChina’sHeilongjiangProvince.Asaresult,theowneroftherestaurantfacedafineof500,000yuan.detailedexample忽略具体事例topicsentence概要写作难点2Howtoexpressthekeypointsbyusingyourownwordsproperly?
(如何灵活诠释,规避抄袭的嫌疑)2021/5/912Recently,awildfishrestaurantwasorderedtoshutdowninHarbinandfacedaheavyfine.______________,awildfishrestaurantwas_____________to
inHarbinandfacedaheavyfine.Lately,notlongagoAsked/required/requested近义词替换closedown2021/5/913Youpaidgoodmoneyforit,
andyoutookcareofit.Decadesago,industrialgoodsweremadedurable.spentmuchmoneyontreasuretreatitkindlyYouspentmuchmoneyonitandtreasureit.Decadesago,industrialgoodsweremadedurableYouspentmuchmoneyonitandtreasureit.Para1.useitcarefully2021/5/914Nowadaysindustryhaspersuadedusthatproductscouldn’tlastalongtime.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.Justthinkofthecarsthataretradeddaily,justbecausetheyareoutofstyle.Thinkoftheexpensivepackagingmaterialthatisthrownawayeverytimeanewobjectisbought.Andweshoppershavetopayforthatmaterial!topicsentencedetailedexamplescharacteristicsresult忽略具体事例2021/5/915Nowadaysindustryhaspersuadedusthatproductscouldn’tlastalongtime.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.Justthinkofthecarsthataretradeddaily,justbecausetheyareoutofstyle.Thinkoftheexpensivepackagingmaterialthatisthrownawayeverytimeanewobjectisbought.Andweshoppershavetopayforthatmaterial!2021/5/9161.Nowadaysindustryhaspersuadedusthatproductscouldn’tlastalongtime.2.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.3.Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.ModernIndustrymadeusbelieveconvincednotpermanentModernindustryhasconvinced
usthatproducts
arenotpermanent.short-lived近义词替换2021/5/9172.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.Tothrowthemawayischeaperthantorepairthem.Itismoreexpensivetorepairthemthantothrowthemaway.改变主语(形式主语)正话反说、反话正说2021/5/918Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.whichhasresultedinagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.改变句式resultin2021/5/919Modernindustryhasconvinced
usthatproducts
arenotpermanent.Tothrowthemawayischeaperthantorepairthem,
whichhasresultedinagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.Para2.2021/5/920Para3:提炼相关信息Ourindustrialsocietyhasturnedusintospoiledchildren.Thiswastefulnesshasgotusintothegreattroubleweareinnow.Whenwehavenoresourcesleft,thenwewillstarttotakecareofwhatwehave.Butwhycan’tweactbeforethishappens?Whycan’twetrytobuildasocietyinwhichthepreventionofwasteisavirtue?过渡句Weneedtosaveresourcesbeforeit’stoolateThiswastefulnesshascausedusalotoftrouble.Wearerunningoutofresourcesandweneedtotakeaction.2021/5/921Thiswastefulnesshascausedusalotoftrouble.Wearerunningoutofresourcesandweneedtotakeaction.Weneedtosaveresourcesbeforeit’stoolate.Para3.Thiswastefulnesshascausedusalotoftrouble.Wearerunningoutofresources.Weneedtosaveresourcesbeforeit’stoolate.2021/5/922Decadesago,industrialgoodsweremadedurable.Wespentmuchmoneyonitandtreasureit.Modernindustryhasconvinced
usthatproducts
arenotpermanent.Tothrowthemawayischeaperthantorepairthem,whichhasresultedinagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.Thiswastefulnesshascausedusalotoftrouble.Wearerunningoutofresources.Weneedtosaveresourcesbeforeit’stoolate.(71W)Polishyourwriting有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使概要结构紧凑19~21分However,Therefore,2021/5/923Step1:Step2:Step3:Step4:读懂文章大意抓住主题句或关键信息,忽略次要信息Howtowriteagoodsummary?Conclusion灵活运用语言,对关键信息进行改编添加有效连接成分,使概要结构紧凑2021/5/924Thefoodweeatseemstohaveagreateffectonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadebigstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisnotanewdiscovery.In1945,someresearchersrealizedthatthingscommonlyusedtokeepcolourinmeatsandotherfoodadditives(添加剂)causedcancer.
Yet,theseadditivesremaininourfood,anditisdifficulttoknowwhichthingsonthewrappings(包装)offoodsarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintotheiranimals,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkofcows.Sometimessimilartingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.
Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertogetahigherpriceonthemarket.Althoughsomecountrieshavetriedtocontrolsuchthings,thepracticecontinues.(201W)2021/5/925Thefoodweeatseemstohaveagreateffectonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadebigstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisnotanewdiscovery.In1945,someresearchersrealizedthatthingscommonlyusedtokeepcolourinmeatsandotherfoodadditives(添加剂)causedcancer.
Para1:2021/5/926
(1.)Thefoodweeatseemstohaveagreateffectonourhealth.(2.)Althoughsciencehasmadebigstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.(3.)Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.1.Ourfoodaffectsourhealth.
2.Although
sciencehasgreatlyimproved
thequalityofourfoods,
someare
stillunsafe
toeat.2021/5/927(3.)Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.3.Researchhasprovedthatmostofourdiseasesarecausedbyfood,includingcancer.
2021/5/928Ourfoodaffectsourhealth.
Although
sciencehasgreatlyimprovethequalityofourfoods,
someare
stillunsafe
toeat.Researchhasprovedthatmostofourdiseasesarecausedbyfood,includingcancer.
Para1:2021/5/929Para2:Yet,theseadditivesremaininourfood,anditisdifficulttoknowwhichthingsonthewrappings(包装)offoodsarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintotheiranimals,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkofcows.Sometimessimilartingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.
2021/5/930
(1.)Yet,theseadditivesremaininourfood,anditisdifficulttoknowwhichthingsonthewrappingsoffoodsarehelpfulorharmful.(2.)Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.(3.)Sometimessimilartingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.
1.Wecanhardlytell
whether
theadditivesinourfood
areharmfulornot.2.
Theyaffectourbodyindirectly.
2021/5/931(3.)Sometimessimilartingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.
3.
Somefarmersraisetheiranimalswithadditivestoearnmoremoney.2021/5/932Wecanhardlytell
whether
theadditivesinourfood
areharmfulornot.Theyaffectourbodyindirectly.Somefarmersraisetheiranimalswithadditivestoearnmoremoney.Para2:2021/5/933Para3:Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertogetahigherpriceonthemarket.Althoughsomecountrieshavetriedtocontrolsuchthings,thepracticecontinues.Somecountrieshavetakenmeasurestostopsuchthings,butinvain.2021/5/934Ourfoodaffectsourhealth.
Although
sciencehasgreatlyimprovedthequalityofourfoods,
someare
stillunsafe
toeat.Researchhasprovedthatmostofourdiseasesarecausedbyfood,includingcancer.
Wecanhardlytell
whether
theadditivesinourfood
areharmfulornot.Theyaffectourbodyindirectly.Somefarmersraisetheiranimalswithadditivestoearnmoremoney.Somecountrieshavetakenmeasurestostopsuchthings,butinvain.(77W)it有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使概要结构紧凑because∧2021/5/935
Weightlossismostlikelytobesuccessfulwhenpeoplechangetheirhabits.Hereareseveralwaystomakethathappen.Regularphysicalactivityburnscaloriesandbuildsmuscles---bothofwhichhelpyoulookandfeelgoodandkeepweightoff.Walkingthefamilydog,cyclingtoschool,anddoingotherthingsthatincreaseyourdailylevelofactivitycanallmakeadifference.Onereasonpeoplegetlessexercisethesedaysisbecauseofanincreasein“screentime”---theamountoftimespentwatchingTV,lookingatthecomputer,orplayingvideogames.Limitrecreationalscreentimetolessthan2hoursperday.Whenyoureallygetawayfrom“screens”,suchasTV,computers,IPadormobilephones,youwillreallybenefitalot.Portionsizesarebiggerthantheyusedtobe,andtheseextracaloriescontributetoobesity.Anotherkeyfactorinweightgainisthatmorepeopledrinksugarydrinks,suchassodas,juicedrinks,andsportsdrinks.Sochoosesmallerportions(orsharerestaurantportions)andgoforwaterorlow-fatmildinsteadofsoda.Peoplewhoskipbreakfastoftenfeelsohungrythattheyeatmorelateron.Sotheygetmorecaloriesthantheywouldhaveiftheyatebreakfast.Infact,peoplewhoskipbreakfasttendtohavehigherBIMsthanpeoplewhoeatbreakfast.Ifyoureallyputtheaboveintopracticeatonce,youwilldefinitelyreduceyourweightgradually.Andwishyouhaveagoodfigure.2021/5/936
Weightlossismostlikelytobesuccessfulwhenpeoplechangetheirhabits.Hereareseveralwaystomakethathappen.Regularphysicalactivityburnscaloriesandbuildsmuscles---bothofwhichhelpyoulookandfeelgoodandkeepweightoff.Walkingthefamilydog,cyclingtoschool,anddoingotherthingsthatincreaseyourdailylevelofactivitycanallmakeadifference.
Changingsomehabitsmaybeagoodwaytoloseweight.Ifpeoplechangetheirhabits,theywillsurelysucceedinlosingweight.Whetherpeoplecanloseweightornotdependsontheirlivinghabits.Takingmorephysicalexercisewillmakemuchdifferencetopeople’shealth.Increasingtheamountofregularexercisewillbenefitpeoplealot.2021/5/937
Onereasonpeoplegetlessexercisethesedaysisbecauseofanincreasein“screentime”---theamountoftimespentwatchingTV,lookingatthecomputer,orplayingvideogames.Limitrecreationalscreentimetolessthan2hoursperday.Whenyoureallygetawayfrom“screens”,suchasTV,computers,IPadormobilephones,youwillreallybenefitalot.Portionsizesarebiggerthantheyusedtobe,andtheseextracaloriescontributetoobesity.Anotherkeyfactorinweightgainisthatmorepeopledrinksugarybeverages,suchassodas,juicedrinks,andsportsdrinks.Sochoosesmallerportions(orsharerestaurantportions)andgoforwaterorlow-fatmilkinsteadofsoda.Itisnecessarytolimit“screentime”ifpeoplewanttoloseweight.Wearesupposedtoreduce“screentime”.Stickingtosmallerportionsandavoidingsugarydrinkscontributetoweightloss.Watchingoutforportionsizesanddrinkingwaterinsteadofsugarydrinksarealsoakeytoweightloss.2021/5/938
Peoplewhoskipbreakfastoftenfeelsohungrythattheyeatmorelateron.Sotheygetmorecaloriesthantheywouldhaveiftheyatebreakfast.Infact,peoplewhoskipbreakfasttendtohavehigherBIMsthanpeoplewhoeatbreakfast.Ifyoureallyputtheaboveintopracticeatonce,youwilldefinitelyreduceyourweightgradually.Andwishyouhaveagoodfigure.Peopleshouldavoidskippingbreakfast.Skippingbreakfastisactuallynotawisewaytoloseweight.Peoplewillhaveagoodfigureiftheytaketheabovesuggestions.2021/5/939
Changingsomehabitsmaybeagoodwaytoloseweight.Takingmorephysicalexercisewillmakemuchdifferencetopeople’shealth.Wearesupposedtoreduce“screentime”.Stickingtosmallerportionsandavoidingsugarydrinkscontributetoweightloss.Peopleshouldavoidskippingbreakfast.Peoplewillhaveagoodfigureiftheytaketheabovesuggestions.(58W)
First,
Meanwhile,
Besides
Finally2021/5/940Ratseatourfoodormakeitsodirtythatitisn'tfitforpeopleatall.That'swhypeopleoftenkillthembylayingdownpoison.Afteradayortwo,theyfindthepoisonstillthere.Theratshaven'ttouchedit,eventhoughitisnearthefoodwhichtheyeat.Peoplethinktheymustbecleverandcunning.Somescientistshavebeentryingtofindthebestwaytopoisonrats.Theyhavewatchedtoseejustwhataratdoesdayandnight.Theyhavefoundoutthatratsaren'tsoclever.Theyarejustveryshy.
Ratsusuallyliveinholes.Theyrunfromtheseholestotheplaceswheretheyeatanddrink.Theyhavespecialpathsonwhichtheytraveleachtime.Sotheyknowtheirpathsquitewell.
Ifanythingnew,suchasstoneorwood,isputinthepath,theratswon'tgonearitatfirstastheyaretoofrightened.Itwilltakethemmanydaystogetoverthefear.Theyarealsofrightenedtogonearaplacethattheyknow,wheresomethinghasbeentakenaway.Ifapathgoesaroundarock,theratsfollowthesamepatharoundtherockeachtime.Iftherockistakenaway,theywillstillrunroundtheplacewheretherockwas!Theywon'tcrosstheemptyplace,whichisnowopentothem,eventhoughitwouldbequicker.
Ratswillalwayskeepawayfromanythingunusualtothem.That'swhytheywon'teatpoisononthefirstorsecondnight.Theyusuallywon'tgoanywherenearitforaboutfourdaysuntiltheygetusedtobeingthere.Eventhentheyonlyeatalittleatatime.Ifpeoplewanttokillratswithpoison,alltheyhavetodoistoleaveitoutforafewdays.Oncetheratshavegotusedtoit,theywilleatitanddie.(331W)2021/5/941(1).Ratseatourfoodormakeitsodirtythatitisn'tfitforpeopleatall.(2).That'swhypeopleoftenkillthembylayingdownpoison.(3).Afteradayortwo,theyfindthepoisonstillthere.(4).Theratshaven'ttouchedit,eventhoughitisnearthefoodwhichtheyeat.(5).Peoplethinktheymustbecl
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