初中英语语法五-形容词与副词

专题五一形容词和副词

-作定语

比技级和最高级用法

,WHY

为什么要用形容词

考点一形容词的用法及辨析

形容词的用法

说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词形容词的用法或不定代词的词叫形容词。

1.作定语，及在名词之前准合不定代词之后。如：

Thenicegirlismysister.

Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.

2作表诱，放在系动调之后。如：

Helooksveryhappy.

3▲作宾未卜,及在宾语之后，常与make,leave,keep等动词连用。如

Youmustkeepyoureyesclosed.

二.形容调耕折

1.-ing形容词和-ed形容词

2.区别是什么：

▲-ing用来表示一个人，一个物或者一种情景的特征

▲-ed用来形容人的感觉或者情感

今比较：Mygirlfriendisbored.

Mygirlfriendisboring.

-ing形容词修饰物-ed形容词修饰物例句

SurprisingSurprisedThisisasurprisingstory.

1amsurprisedatthenews.

interestinginterested1readaninterestingbooklastweek.

Areyouinterestedinwatchingfootballgames?

excitingExcitedLucytoldmethatshehadanexcitingjournythissummerholiday.

I'mexcitedaboutthetraveling.

pleasingpleasedThisisapleasingtrip.

Mr.Smithispleasedwithourperformance.

frighteningfrightenedWeweretoldafrighteningstorylastnight,

wearefrightenedoftheghost.

movingmovedTitanicisamovingfilm.

AllthepeopleweredeeplymovedbytheloveofJackandRose.

tiringtiredIt'salongtiringday.

I'mtootiredtogooutagain.

fascinatingFascinatedWhatafascinatingvoice!

Manyboysarefascinatedbycomputergames.

AmusingAmusedHelikestosurroundhimselfwithamusingpeople.

Wewereallamusedathisstories.

DisappointingDisappointedIfyoudo,you'llonlybedisappointed.

Itwasdisappointingtolosethegame.

WorryingWorriedWeareworriedaboutyou.

Hersisuationisworring.

3.多个形容词修饰同一个名词时的顺序

ORDEROFADJECTIVES

*°

DeterminerOpinion.

a,an,the,both,good,bad,great,.huge,big,large,tiny,

either,some,many,terrible,pretty,silly,enormous,little,tall,

my,your,our,etc.lovely,beautiful,etc.long,gigantic,etc.

Color

red,black,pale,

bright,faded,shining,

yellow,orange,etc.

■■――■■

o。

OriginMaterialPurpose

French,American,wooden,silk,metal,.<writing,rolling,

Canadian,Mexican,paper,gold,silver,"上、sleeping,roasting,

Greek,Swiss,etc.copper,cotton,etc.--running,dancing,etc.

・描绘形容词一大小（长短高低）形容词一形状形容词一年龄（新旧）形容词一颜色形容词一国籍

形容词一材料形容词一用途（类别）形容词一名词

Iboughtanice（好看的）small（小小的）round（圆形的）new（新的）yellow（黄色的）French（法国产

的）oak（橡木做的）writingdesk.

太长了…

我们常用的是这样的

anoldChinesestonebridge

somebeautifullittleredflowers

但如果确实要用这么多定语来修饰这个writingdesk的话可以怎么做呢？

如何辨别哪些是形容词呢：

通常来讲如下后缀结尾的词为形容词：

-al,-ial,-ical：national,essential,criticial,special,social,central,general

-able,-ible:vuable,edible,unable,suitable,reasonable,possible,responsible

•an,"ian:American?Roman,Australian

-full：meaninful,faithful,beautiful

・ic:energetic,public,academic,fantastic,dramatic

-ical:biologicalzchemical,logical,medical,musical,physical,

-ive:active,creative,commutative,decisive,effective

-ishzfoolish,selfish,childish,girlish,yellowish

-less:meaningless,endless,useless,helpless,colorless

-y：easy,ready,dry,cloudy,sunny,rainyzsnowy

-ous,-ose:various,famous,curious,dangerous

-ant,-ent:important,brriliant,dominant,distant,diffrent,present,recent

-ile:

4.形容词短语辨析

在英语中有很多形容词后需要加特定的介词构成形容词短语，常见的有:

⑴与about搭配

becarefulabout对..小心

besureabout对…有把握

becrazyabout对…热衷

becuriousabout对..好奇

beworriedabout对…担忧

beanxiousabout对感到焦虑

besorryabout对…感到遗憾

bestrictaboutsth.对某事要求严格

⑵与at搭配

beamusedat以为乐

beannoyedat对...恼怒

besurprisedat对感到惊奇

beangryat对生气

begoodat在…方面擅长的用(与期词

⑶与for搭配

befamousfor因…而著名

getreadyfor做好准备

besorryfor感到抱歉

befit/unfitfor适合/不适合

begoodfor对有好处

bebadfor对…有坏处

besuitablefor适合

bethirstyfor渴望

(4)与from搭配

beabsentfrom缺席

bedifferentfrom与不同

beseparatedfrom和…分离开

⑸与in搭配

beinterestedin对……感兴趣

beweakin在…方面薄弱

bedifferentin在…方面不同

besuccessfulin在…方面成功

⑹与搭配

beafraidof害怕

befondof喜欢

beproudof为感至U自豪

betiredof对…感到厌倦

befullof充满

becarefulof对…小心

beshortof…短缺

beashamedof对…感到羞愧

(7)与to搭配

becloseto接近，靠近

begoodto对…好

bekindto对和蔼

berudeto对……粗鲁

bepoliteto对……有礼貌

beusefulto对..有用

berelatedto与有关

besimilarto与相似

(8)与with搭配

beangrywith对..生气

becarefulwith心、

bebusywith忙于

befilledwith充满

berelatedto与有

besimilarto与相似

⑻与with搭配

beangrywith对……气

becarefulwith小心

bebusywith忙于

befilledwith充满

besatisfiedwith对……感到满意

bepleasedwith对感到满意

bepatientwith对……有耐心

bestrictwithsb.对某人要求严格

?WHY

什么是副词？为什么要侵用副词？

Evenafteroneyearoflessons,Lukeplaysthepianobadly.

He'salwaysinarush.Idon'tunderstandwhyhewalkssoquickly

Michaelhappilytooktheassistantjob.Hehadbeenlookingforapositionallsummer.

以上表示how,怎么样，以什么方式

Icouldn'tfindthecarkeysinsideyourpurse.

Theliftismovingup.

-WhereisLucy?Ihaven'tseenforawhile.

-Sheis/wentabroad.

Wendythrewthegarbageout,buttheflieswouldnotleave.

以上表示where,在哪里

Ididn'tgotothemuseumyesteday.

Charlie,canyouwaitmeforasecond?KIIbebacksoon.

Ihavealreadyfinishedtheproject.

TherecentlyfoundWallacewassolostthathejustwanderedaimlesslyincircles.

以上表示when,在什么时候。

Speaksoftlyintothemicrophoneorwewillsuffergreatly.

Inthewinter;NewYorkismuchcolderthanFlorida

TheCEOfeelsunusuallytensetoday

Theirmosttalentedcompetitorstillwillnotdefeatourtopcontender

以上表示howmuch,程度

IusuallyhugmymotherwhenIgethome.

Wesometimesgoclimbingtogether.

Youneveraskedtometoyourparty.

以上表示howoften,频率

考点二副词的用法及辨析

Anaduerbdescribesauerb,anadjectiveoranotheraduerb.It

tellsushoLU,tuhere,uuhen,hoiumuchandtuithmhatfrequency.

Anaduerbcantell...

HOW?'WHERE?'f\f、

WHEN?HOWMUCH?HOWOFTEN?

quietlyabouenoiuquitealways

peacefullyabroadyesterdayfairlysometimes

carefullyfarsoontoooften

slowlyaiuaylaterenormouslyfrequently

badlybachtomorroiuentirelynormally

closelyhereyetuerygenerally

easilyoutsidealreadyextremelyusually

luellbachiuardstonightratheroccasionally

fastbehindtodayalmostseldom

quicklybeloiuthenabsolutelyrarely

cheerfullydotunlastmonthjusthardlyeuer

efficientlyindoorsLastyearbarelyneuer

painfullydoiunstairscompletely

secretlyinsideenough

nearbydeeply

thereenormously

一towards)「」

<______)k_______jfully一3

副词的用访

副词用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念,主要用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词或整

个句子。

1.作状语

Pleaselistentomecarefully.

Luckily,hewasnotbadlyhurt.

2.作求语(需示方位上的变化)

Myfatherwillbebackinweek.我父亲一周后回来。

3•作宓相

Lethimin.please.

二、副词的位置：

一般来说副词的位置是尽可能靠近它所修饰的词或其他。

I.要注意。他/放置的位置不同，句子所表达的含义也不同

Ionlyfedmybird.(Ifedmybirdbutdidnothingelsewithit)

Ifedonlymybird.(Ifedmybirdandnotanyotherbirds.)

2.副词放在句子前面是预先提供信息，为接下来的动作设置场景.

SometimesIseehimatthesupermarket.

Suddenly,theeagleopeneditswings.

TomorrowI'mgoingtoDublin.

3.副词放在中间,修饰动词.如果动词带有宾语,则放在宾语后面

Healwayshassandwichesforhislunch.

We'reobvioulygoingtoneedmorehelp.

Icanhardlybelieveyoudidthat.

Iputthevasecarefullyonthetable.

4.副词放在末尾

Bringtheboxhere.

Readthepassagecarefully.

5.副词只能放在be动词后面

Theyareneverpleasedtoseeme.

Sheisn'tusuallybadtempered.

6.如果动词有助动词，则副词要放在助动词和动词(实义动词以及Be动词)之间

Shecansometimesbeatmeinarace.

Iwouldhardlyeverbeunkindtosomeone.

Theymightneverseeeachotheragain.

Theycou/doccasionallybeheardlaughing.

三、副词的分类

1.时间副词Now,then,today,tomorrow,yestaerday,before,ago,soon,

副tellsuswhenimmediately,lately,early,already,yet,ever等

词2.地点副词outside,inside,upstairs,here,there,home,near;away,in,back,

的Tellsuswhereoff,up,anywhere等。地点副词和动词连用时不用加介词

分3.方式副词Quickly,happily,loudly,suddenly,luckily,badly,easily,fast等。方式

类Tellsushow副词大多由“形容词+-ly”构成

4.频度副词Always,often,usually,seldom,sometimes,never等

Tellsusthefrequency

5.程度副词Very,quite,rather,too,much,so,alittle,abit,alot,even,still,far

Tellushowmuch等

6.疑问副词When,where,why,how等（常用来构成特殊疑问句）

7.关系副词When,where,why等，常用来引导定语从句

频度副词比较：

排序频度副词例句

100%alwaysIalwaysgotobedbefore11p.m.

90%usuallyIusuallyhavecerealforbreakfast.

80%normally/generallyInormallygotothegym.

70%often*/frequentlyIoftensurftheinternet.

50%sometimesIsometimesforgetmywife'sbirthday.

30%occasionallyIoccasionallyeatjunkfood.

10%seldomIseldomreadthenewspaper.

5%hardlyever/rarelyIhardlyeverdrinkalcohol.

0%neverIneverswiminthesea

三、几组副词辨析

1.Howlong,howsoon,howoften和howfar

用法例句

Howlong多久，多长时间，对一个持续的时间段提-HowlonghaveyoubeeninChina?

问，常用“for+时间段”或“since+时间段”-Forthreemoths.

Howsoon都快，多久以后，对一个短暂性动作提问，-Howsoonwillbecomeback?

用于一般将来时的句子中，常用“in+时间-Infiveminutes?

段”回答

Howoften多长时间一次，对频率提问，常用-howoftendoyoulistentomusic?

Once/twice/threetimesaweek/month/-everyday/onceaweek.

year,every...等回答

Howfar多远，对距离提问-Howfarisitfromyourhometoyourschool?

-Aboouttwokilometers.

2.hardly制hard

用法例句

Hard努力地，大量地、猛烈地it'sraininghard.

hardly几乎不，是否定副词1canhardlyunderstandhiswords.

3.Muchtoo和toomuch

用法例句

Muchtoo非常、极其、太、中心词是too,muchThecarismuchtooexpensive.

修饰too,以加强语气，muchtoo修饰形

容词或副词原级

Toomuch太多，中心词是much,too修饰much,There'stoomuchrainthissummer.

以加强语气，toomuch修饰不可数名

词，与toomany修饰可数名词

4.Sometimes,sometime和sometimes

用法例句

Sometimes指“有时候”Sometimes1gotoschoolbybike.

Sometime表示将来或过去的“某个时候”Newsudentswillcometoourschoolsometimes

nextweek.

Sometimes表示“几次，几倍”Ourschoolissometimeslargerthantheirs.

加餐：

一般情况下，以I或e结尾的形容词变成副词，直接在后面加-ly

special+ly=specially

nice+ly=nicely

polite+ly=politely

例外:

truetruly

fullfully

以-y结尾的形容词边・y为・ily：

crazycrazily

happyhappily

以辅音+Ie结尾的形容词，去掉-eandadd-y:

terribleterribly

idleidly

以・ic结尾的形容词，直接在后面加-ally：

ironicironically

enthusiasticenthusiastically

realisticrealistically

例外：public-publicly

不规则副词

good->well

▲同为形容词和副词的词：

Fast,hard,late,early,daily,straight,wrong

考点三形容词和副词的比较级

形容词(或副词)原级的用访

条件结构例句

有表示程度的副词very,Theboyistooyoung.

so,too,enough等修饰时-

用形容词或副词原形

表示A或B在某一方面程肯定句中的结构：Englishisasinterestingas

度相同或不同时用形容A...+as+形容词或副词原级+as+BChinese.

词或副词原级表示A与B-林…

否定句中的结构：Englishisnotasinteresting

A...+not+as+形容词或副词原级+as+BasChinese.

表示“A不如B..・”

表示A£B的…信时：Ourschoolisthreetimesas

A...+倍数+as+形容词+asBbigasJack's.

A...halfas+形容词或副词原级+asBHerroomishalfasbigas

yours.

注意：

在两者进行比较表示“A不如B”时，部分双音节词和多音节形容词或副词还可以使用“less+

形容词或副词原级+than”结构：

JimmydidhishomeworklesscarefullythanBill.

二、形容词或副词的比较级和最高级的用法

1.I:匕较零级的构成

(1)规则变化

类别构成方法原级比较级最高级

单音节词和少…般直接加・er,-estLongLongerLongest

数双音节词tallTalltallest

以不发音的e时,加-r,LateLaterLatest

-stlargelargerlargest

以辅音字母加y结尾EasyEasierEasiest

时，把y变i,再加-er,happyhappierhappiest

-est

以重读闭音节结尾且BigBiggerBiggest

末尾只有一个辅音字hothotterhottest

母时，双写最后的辅音

字母，再加-er,-est

多音节词和部在原级前加more,theCarefulMorecarefulThemostcareful

分双音节词mostbeautifulMorebeautifulThemostbeautiful

（2）不规则变化

原级比较级最高级

Good/wellbetterbest

badworseworst

farFarther/furtherFarthest/furthest

littlelessleast

Many/muchmoremost

old(people)eldereldest

old(peopleandolderoldest

things)

2.形容词副洞H载级和最高级的主要结，向

功能主要结构例句

A+be+比较级+than+BThisboxisheavierthanthatone.

A+be+比较级+than+anyotherB(名词单数)Thisboxisheavierthananyother

形容词副词boxinthisroom.

的比较级A+be+比较级+than+theotherBThisboxisheavierthantheother

（两者比boxesinthisroom.

较）Who/which+be+比较级，AorB?Whoistaller,MarieorLucy?

表示“A与B之间哪一个更好”

A+be+the+比较级+ofthetwoAliceisthetallerofthetwogirls.

表示“A是两者之间更…的那一个”

比较级+比较级（单音节）；It'sgettingwarmerandwarmerin

moreandmore+形容词原级（多音节词和部分双音节spring.

词）

“越来越…〃

The+比较级，the+比较级