北京市石景山区2024届高三年级下册一模英语试卷(含答案)

北京市石景山区2024届高三下学期一模英语试卷

学校：___________姓名：班级：___________考号：

一,完形填空

Myparentsranasmalleatery,andmyfirstrealjobwasshiningdiners'shoes.My1

increasedasIgrewolder.AttheageoftwelveIworkedasa2DadtoldmethatIwas

thebest“mop(拖把)guy"he'deverhad.

WorkingintherestaurantwasasourceofgreatpridebecauseIwas3tothewhole

family.ButmyfathermadeitclearthatIhadtomeetcertain4tobepartoftheteam.

Thafstosay,Ihadtobe5,hard-workingandpolitetothecustomers.

Exceptfortheshoeshinejob,Iwasnever6foranyworkIdid.OnedayItoldDadhe

shouldgiveme$10aweek.Hesaid,"Okay,thenhowaboutyoupayingmeforyourthree

mealsaday?”Thistaughtmethatwhenyou7you'dbetterknowtheotherside's

argumentsaswellasyourown.

Afterbeingawayinthearmyforabouttwoyears,Icamebackhome.Ihadjustbeen

promotedtocaptainandwasfullof8asIwalkedintomyparents9eatery.Thefirstthing

Dadsaidwas,"Welcome,mymopguy!OK,ifsthecleaner'sdayoff.Buthowaboutyou

cleaningup9?”

“Ican'tbelievethis!”Ithought."Tmanofficerinthearmy!^^Butitdidn'tmatter.Asfaras

Dadwasconcerned,Iwasjustanothermemberofthe10involvedinafamilyeatery.

Earlythenextmorning,Ireachedforthemop.

1.A.dutiesB.scoresC.wagesD.ideas

2.A.waiterB.cookC.cleanerD.manager

3.A.attendingB.applyingC.reactingD.contributing

4.A.standardsB.challengersC.achievementsD.customers

5.A.insistentB.confidentC.courageousD.responsible

6.A.arrangedB.praisedC.paidD.suspected

7.A.succeedB.negotiateC.operateD.promise

8.A.dignityB.respectC.curiosityD.gratitude

9.A.frequentlyB.laterC.insteadD.immediately

10.A.armyB.classC.teamD.party

二、短文填空

11.Inmyoldschooldays,running①(consider)boringandpainfulforme.

WhenIstartedtowork,Irealisedexerciseshouldbepartofmylifestyle.Later,running

becamemycareer.Overtheyears,I②(coach)manyrunningteams.Needlessto

say,runninghasitsbenefits.Itisbelieved③runningcandecreasetheriskofdeath.

Soareyoucurrentlynotdoingit?Iencourageyoutostartnow.

12.AlthoughStartofAutumn,the13thtraditionalChinesesolarterm,oftenindicatesthe

①(begin)ofautumn,heatwaveswillnotcometoanend.Theperiodofhigh

temperatures,②(call)“AutumnTiger”,usuallylastsforabout30days.Becauseof

decreasingprecipitation(降水)，itisevenhotterduringthisperiodthanMajorHeat.Asthe

sayinggoes,“Ifitrains(3)thedayofStartofAutumn,agoodharvestisexpected."

13.AreyoustilldiscussingandgettingyourheadroundChatGPT,①potential

willdisturbeverythingfrommarketingtoeducation?Well,Soraisabout②(blow)

thosedebateswideopen.OpenAI'sSora,atext-to-videoAImodelcapableofgenerating(3)

(remarkable)realisticandimaginativescenesfromtextinstructions,justenteredthe

chatroom.Aworldwhererealitybendstothewillofwordshasarrived,(4)(shape)

aneweranotjustfortechnologybutforhumanityitself.

三,阅读理解

Weneedpeoplelikeyou,whounderstandthepowerofscience,tofundtheresearchthat

willchangelivesinthefuture.

BydonatingtotheMedicalResearchFoundation(MRF),you911befundingtheresearch

thatfuturegenerationswilldependon.MRFisanindependentcharity,focusedsolelyon

fundingqualitymedicalresearch.WithcloselinkstotheMedicalResearchCouncil(MRC),

we'reabletochoosethemostimpactfulstudiesandadaptquicklytomeetanyemerging

healthcrisis,thankstothesupportofpeoplelikeyou.

Yourgiftcansupportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds.Manyofthesescientistsareat

thebeginningoftheircareers,whenfundingishardesttosecure.Yoursupportatthiscritical

timecanprovidethespringboardthatascientistneedstodrivetheirresearchandcareer

forward,ensuringtheycancontinuetomakelife-changingdiscoveries.

MRFhassupportedresearcherstacklingpressingchallengesliketheBirdFlu,aswellas

vitalareasofresearchthatareoftenoverlookedbyotherfunders,ensuringwefillthegapsin

ourmedicalknowledgeandprotectthefutureofhumanhealth.

Assomeoneinterestedinscience,youwillunderstandthatwhilenoonecanpredictwhat

wewillfacenext,wecanbecertainthatitisonlythroughambitious,high-qualitymedical

researchthatwewillmeetwhatevernewchallengescomeourway.Byleavingadonation,

youcanhavealastingimpactonscienceandonthefutureofhumanhealth.

Contact&Support:叵］勺叵］

@MedResFdn

CQMedResFdn回眄"回

8MedicalResearchFoundation

14.WhatdoestheMRFmainlydo?

A.ProvideservicefbrtheMRC.B.Predictemerginghealthcrisis.

C.Fundqualitymedicalresearch.D.Donatetopeopleinterestedinscience.

15.Byleavingadonation,youcan.

A.fillthegapsinmedicalknowledge

B.tacklethefuturepressingchallenges

C.choosethemostimpactfulmedicalstudies

D.supportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds

16.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tbraisemedicalresearchfunds.

B.Tointroducetheimpactbydonation.

C.Toanalysethehealthcrisisinthefuture.

D.Toemploypeopledevotedtomedicalresearch.

Eleveno'clockatnightsawalargewomanwithalargepursewalkingalone,whenaboy

ranupbehindandtriedtosnatch（抢夺）herpurse.Buttheboylosthisbalanceandfellonhis

back.Thewomanpickedhimupfirmlybyhisshirtfront.

“Aren'tyouashamedofyourself?99shoutedthewoman.Twoorthreepeoplepassed,

stopped,andstoodwatching.

'Tmverysorry,lady.I'msorry,“whisperedtheskinnylittleboy,inbrokentennisshoes.

“Um-hum!Andyourfaceisdirty,“saidthelargewomandraggingthefrightenedboy.

“Sinceyouputyourselfincontactwithme,youaregoingtorememberMrs.LuellaJones."

Hebegantostruggle,butMrs.Jonescontinuedtodraghimupthestreet.Whenshegotto

herdoor,shedraggedtheboyinside.uWhafsyourname?"thewomanasked.

“Roger,“answeredtheboyinalowvoice."Then,Roger,yougotothatsinkandwashyour

face,"orderedthewomanandfinallyletgoofhim.

“Yougonnatakemetojail（监狱）?”askedRoger,bendingoverthesink.

“Notwiththatface/9saidMrs.Jones."Ibelieveyouwerehungrytosnatchmypurse."

“Iwantedapairofblueshoes,“repliedtheboy.

Therewasalongpause.Afterhehaddriedhisface,theboyturnedaround.Thedoorwas

open.Hecouldrun!

Afterawhilethewomansaid,“IwasyoungonceandIwantedthingsIcouldnotget.I

havedonethingstoo,whichIwouldnottellanybodyelse,son."Therewasanotherlong

pause.Theboy'smouthopened.

ThenMrs.Joneswenttodothecooking.Shedidnotwatchtheboytoseeifhewasgoing

torun,nordidshewatchherpurseleftbehindher.Shedidnotaskhimanythingaboutwhere

helived,orhisfolks.Instead,astheyate,shetoldhimalotaboutherjobinahotelshopand

howallkindsofpeoplecameinandout.Shecuthimanotherpieceofhercake.

Whentheyfinishedeating,shegotupandsaid,“Now,here,takethistendollarsandbuy

yourselfsomeblueshoes.Donotmakethemistake,becauseshoescomebydevilishways

likethatwillburnyourfeet.99

Sheledhimtothefrontdoor.“Goodnight!Behaveyourself,son!”shesaid,lookingout

intothestreet.

17.HowdidRogerfeelwhenMrs.Jonesmentionedherpast?

A.Frightened.B.Surprised.C.Settled.D.Ashamed.

18.WhydidMrs.JonescallRogerson?

A.Sheintendedtogoeasyonhim.

B.Heremindedherofherownson.

C.Heputhimselftobeincontactwithher.

D.Shelackedanexcusetoteachhimalesson.

19.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMrs.Jones?

A.Kindandgenerous.B.Ableandambitious.

C.Frankandcooperative.D.Calmandcourageous.

20.Whatcanbemainlyconcludedfromthispassage?

A.Homeiswheretheheartis.

B.Lifeisfullofupsanddowns.

C.Abestparentistoleadbyexample.

D.Agooddeedshinesthelightintothedark.

Ifsaknownfactthatemissions（抖F放物）fromgas-poweredvehiclesareharmingthe

atmosphere.Inresponsetothis,Porsche,theGermansportscarcompany,beganproducinge-

fuelsatapilotplantinChilelastyear.Currently,thefuelwillbeusedonlyinsportscarsat

Porsche'sperformanceandexperiencecenters.

E-fuelsaremadebypassingelectricitythroughwater.Theelectricityseparatesthe

hydrogenandoxygenfromwater.ThehydrogenisthenmixedwithCO2toproducealiquid

e-fuel,whichcanbeproducedusingmanyrenewableenergysources,suchassolarandwind

power.E-fuelsfollowthechemicalstructureofgasoline,makingitpossibleforgas-powered

carstorunone-fuelsalmostwithoutanychange.

E-fuelscanhelpeasethetransformawayfromgas-poweredcars,forthosewhomaynotbe

abletoaffordelectricvehicles（EV）.Itwillalsohelptoreducewastebykeepinggas-powered

carsinservice,insteadofthrowingthemawayprematurely.Additionally,theuseofe-fuels

willnotrequirenewfacilitytobebuiltunlikeEVs.Existinggasstationsandcarswillbeable

tostayinuse,whichisalreadyabigsaving.

Despitethemanybenefits,opinionsdifferonwhethere-fuelsaretrulyeco-friendly.E-fuels

arewidelysaidtobenearlycarbonneutral（碳中和），althoughanindependentstudyindicates

thate-fuelsreleasethesameamountofCO2asgasoline.Sincee-fuelsarestillbeing

developedandtested,theirtrueimpactsarestillunknown.Meanwhile,e-fuelsarevery

expensivetoproduce,partlyduetoenergylossduringproduction.Unfortunately,onlyabout

halfoftheenergyusedinproducinge-fuelsisactuallytransformedintofuel.Additionally,

onlyabout16%oftheenergyusedine-fuelproductionisactuallyusedtopowerthecar.

Whereas,about70%ofenergyispreservedwhenpoweringanEV.Eventhoughtheuseofe-

fuelswillpreserveexistingfacility,itwillstilltaketimeandmoneytointegrateitinto

everydaylife.Currently,thepriceofe-fuelsisnearlydoublethecostofregularfuel.

E-fuelsarestillaworkinprogress.Thoughopinionsaredividedone-fuels,withmore

testinganddevelopment,theyhavebeenconsideredanotherwaytohelpfightagainstthe

climatecrisis."Therearecurrentlymorethan1.3billionvehicleswithcombustion（内燃）

enginesworldwide.Manyofthesewillbeontheroadsfordecadestocome,ande-fuelsoffer

theownersofexistingcarsanearlycarbon-neutralalternative.Withthee-fuelspilotplant,

Porscheisplayingaleadingroleinthisdevelopment,“saidMichaelSteiner,memberofthe

ExecutiveBoardforDevelopmentandResearchatPorscheAG.

21.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.E-fuelsreleasenoCO2.

B.E-fuelsweretestedinGermanyatfirst.

C.E-fuelsareapplicabletogas-poweredcars.

D.E-fuelsneedtobemixedwithCO2inactualuse.

22.TheauthorquotesMichaelSteinermainlyto.

A.drawaconclusion.B.presentanopinion

C.furtheradiscussionD.provideasolution

23.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardse-fuels?

A.Positive.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Objective.

OnFeb.21,fourstudentswerestandingonthesideofPacificCoastHighwayinMalibu

whenadrivergoing110milesperhourlostcontrolofhiscaranditcrashedintotheparked

vehicles.12peoplewerekilledatthescene,including2drivers.

Thiskindoftrafficdeathshouldn'tbecalledanaccident.InLosAngeles,weseemtohave

acceptedconstantcarnage（屠杀）inourstreetsinexchangeformaximizingdriverspeedand

convenience.Theofficialresponsestoproventrafficdangersaremeregestures,ifeventhat.

LosAngelesisauniquelydeadlycitywithadeathratethatisfourtimesthenational

average.Unsurprisingly,ifsalsoacitythathasbeendesignedwithonethinginmind:a

conceptcalledlevelofservice,whichgradesstreetsonhowwelltheyservethosein

automobiles.TomanyAngelenos,thatmakessense一todesignourstreetsforcartraffic,

whichisthewaymanygetaroundthecity.Unfortunately,wedon'trecognizethatthere9sa

trade-off.Wecaneitherhavestreetsbetteredforfree-flowingtraffic,orwecandesignstreets

forpeopletomovearoundsafelyoutsideofcars.

Cityleadersconsistentlychoosefortheeasybutdeadlyoption.Inonerecentexample,a

residentaskedthecity'sDepartmentofTransportationtoblockdriversfromusingCochran

AvenueatVeniceBoulevardasacut-throughstreet,astheywerespeedingthroughaquiet

residentialneighbourhood.Thedepartmentrespondedbysuggestinga"speedawareness

campaign^^inwhichneighboursputupyardsignsurgingdriverstoslowdown.

Peopledon'tdrivebasedonsignage,buttheydriveonthedesignofthestreet.Thetrunk

roadsofLosAngelessuchasVeniceBoulevardallneedtoberevisedsothatpeopleare

prioritizedovercars.Thiswouldincludenarrowingtravellanes（道），buildingbikelanes,and

banningrightturnsatredlights.Thesemeasureswouldmakedriversfeellikethey'reina

cityandnotonahighway.ArecentJohnHopkinsstudysaysthiswouldhavesubstantial

safetybenefits.

Withmorethan7,500milesofstreetsinthecityofLosAngeles,theywon'tallberebuilt

anytimesoon.Butwitheachroadconstructionproject,oreachcrash,weshouldberevising

streetstomakethemsaferforallroadusers.

Thesolutiontotrafficjamisn'ttomakemorespaceforcars.It'stodesignthestreetstobe

safeenoughforalternativessuchasbiking,walkingandmasstransit,especiallyforthe50%

oftripsdailyinLosAngelesthatarelessthanthreemiles.Thesolutiontoprotectingpeople

diningoutdoorsisn'tcrashbarriers.It'sastreetdesignthatforcesdriverstogoslowly.The

problemiscarnageinthestreets,andweknowthesolutions.

24.WhyshouldthetrafficdeathinLosAngelesbecalled"constantcarnage”?

A.Thetrafficaccidentshappenquiteoften.

B.Toomanypeoplearekilledinthetrafficaccidents.

C.Thedrivers9speedingistoblameforthetrafficdeath.

D.Cityleaders'consistentchoicecontributestothetrafficdeath.

25.Whatdoestheword“trade-off5'underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Balance.B.Guideline.C.Conflict.D.Resolution.

26.Accordingtothepassage,whichisalikelysolutiontothetrafficproblem?

A.Towidentravellanes.B.Toaddmorecrosswalks.

C.Toarrangemoretrafficpolice.D.Topunishspeedingdrivers.

27.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Driversfirstorwalkersfirst?B.Trafficdeathorconstantcarnage?

C.Morewarningsignsorsaferdesigns?D.Morenarrowlanesorspeedyhighways?

Winningasignificantscienceawardisabigdeal,especiallyifyouare12yearsold.But

MarineGill,agirlfromFresno,California,wonthetopawardintheScientificJunior

InnovatorsChallenge（SIIC）fordesigningafiredetectionsystemsuperiortoexistingones.

Marine'sinspirationcamefromafirethatdestroyedarestaurantinherneighbourhood

duringthespringof2023.“Ihadneverreallyexperiencedsomethinglikethatbefore/9she

toldTheWashingtonPostabouttheearlymorningfire,whichstartedinthekitchen."They

hadsmokedetectingdevice（设备）,andyetitstillburneddown.”

Aftershestudiedfirestatistics,Marinespentoverhalfayeardevelopingafiredetection

systemthatcouldhavepreventedthefire.Unliketraditionalsmokedetectorsthatsenseactive

firesfromthesmokeintheair,Marine'sthermal（热的）imagingdeviceisdesignedtostop

firesfromoccurring.

Withathermalcameraandatinycomputer,thedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeen

leftunattendedfortenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.Thehardestpartwasthe

programming."Ihadtwodesigns,andmyfirstdesigncompletelyfailed.Itwasareallybig

challengeIhadtogothrough,"shesaid.Thefinaldeviceoutperformstraditionalsmoke

detectorsinspeedandaccuracy.Marinewantstobringthecostsdowntomakeitevenmore

commonthanhardwiredsmokedetectors.

“Thetopwinnershave,exhibitedboundlesspossibility,"MayaFranklin,presidentof

SocietyforScience,saidinthepressrelease."Theirremarkableresearchnotonlyreflects

theirtalentbutalsoputsasteppingstonetoanexcitingnewfuture.99

28.WhatdesignwonMarineGillthetopawardintheSJIC?

29.FromwheredidMarinedrawinspirationforthedesign?

30.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitand

explainwhy.

Unliketraditionalsmokedetectors,Marine'sthermalimagingdeviceisdesignedtosense

activefiresfromthesmokeintheair.

31.WhatisthemainqualitythathasmadeMarineatopwinner?Why?(Inabout40words)

四、七选五

32.About40%adultsand19%childrenintheUSareobese(肥胖的).Obesepeopleare

atincreasedriskofmanyseriousdiseases,includinghighbloodpressureandheartdisease.

①Ifyouaresufferingfromthese,here'sawayoflosingweightthatyoucantry.

Dietary“self-monitoring“isacommonstrategy.Itinvolvesrecordingwhattheyconsume,

andhowmuch.Thetheoryisthatwhenthinkingofwhatyouputinyourbody,you'llmake

healthierdecisions.②There'snodoubtthatdietaryself^monitoringhasbeenshown

tohelploseweight.However,notmuchisknownabouthowlongthistakesorhowoftenit

shouldbedone.

(3)Recently,researchersstudiedobeseindividualsinotherwisegoodhealthwho

participatedina24-weekweightcontrolprogram...Theyrecordedtheirdailydietaryintake

usinganonlineprogram.Thefindingsdemonstratedthatpeoplewhocontinuedtorecord

theirfoodintakedailyfor24weekslostmoreweightcomparedtothosewhoquitnotingtheir

intake.Peoplewholostatleast10%oftheirweightrecordedtheirfoodintakeabout3timesa

day.(4)Researchersnotedpeoplemighthavegreatersuccesswithweightlossif

theyrecordedtheirdietaryintakeaboutthreetimesaday,ratherthanrecordingalloftheir

mealsinonesitting.

Agoodprincipletofollowmaybe"writewhenyoubite”.Dietaryself-monitoringcanbe

performedindifferentways——usinganonlineprogram,usingapencilorusingsmart-phone

applications.⑤

A.Canitreallybethateasy?

B.Itisimportanttofindwhatworksforyou.

C.Thus,long-termweightlosstakestimeandeffort.

D.Theriskfactorsthatdetermineobesitycanbecomplex.

E.Incomparison,thosewhorecordedlessdailylostlessweight.

F.Obesityisalsoassociatedwithalowerlifequalityandpoormenta