2024届陕西省咸阳市高三第一次模拟考试英语（解析版）

咸阳市2024年高考模拟检测（一）

英语试题

注意事项：

1.本试卷共10页，全卷满分150分，答题时间为120分钟；

2.答卷前，务必将答题卡上密封线内的各项目填写清楚；

3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如

需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

4.考试结束后，监考员将答题卡按顺序收回，装袋整理；试题不回收。

第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂

到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅

读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.

B.£9.18.

C.£9.15.

答案是C.

l.Whatwillthemandonext?

A.Carrytheboxes.

B.Holdtheliftdoor.

C.Removetheboxes.

2.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Inastore.

B.Inacafe.

C.Inakitchen.

3.Whydidthemanmakethephonecall?

A.Toreportnewroomrates.

B.Toconfirmhisreservation.

C.Toaskabouttheroomprice.

4.Howmucharethepostcardsaltogether?

A.8pounds.

B.5pounds.

C.9pounds.

5.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheman'sattitudetowardshiswork?

A.Dissatisfied.

B.Enthusiastic.

C.Pessimistic.

第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完

后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutschoollife?

A.Relaxed.

B.Bored.

C.Exhausted.

7.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodoaftergraduation?

A.Sheisgoingtomanageahotel.

B.Shehasnotmadeadecision.

C.Sheplanstoaskherneighbor.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8.HowdoesthemancelebrateChristmas?

A.Bydecoratingthewall.

B.Bywatchingmovies.

C.Byvisitinggrandparents.

9.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheyoungman?

A.Sheappreciateshim.

B.Shedoubtshim.

C.Shesympathizeswithhim.

10.Whoisthewoman?

A.Awaitress.

B.Apassenger

C.Areporter.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

ABossandemployee.

B.Teacherandstudent.

C.Fatheranddaughter.

12.Whichroomwillbecleanedfirst?

A.Thekitchen.

B.Thehall.

C.Thebathroom

13.Whatwilltheydoafterthework?

A.Waitforsomeone.

B.Havelunch.

C.Drinktogether.

听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。

14.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?

A.Participateinthebasketballteam.

B.Jointhewoman'snewcompany.

C.Introduceastarplayertothewoman.

15.Whatisthewomanworriedabout?

A.Theman'sgreatambition.

B.Theman'sworkingattitude.

C.Theman'sphysicalcondition.

16.Whatadvicedoesthewomangivetotheman?

A.Havingaphysicalexamination.

B.Stoppingplayingbasketball.

C.Avoidconsuminghigh-fatfoods.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Whatdidthespeakerdobefore12?

A.Aswimmer.

B.Agymnast.

C.Adiver.

18.Whywasthe2014EuropeanChampionshipsimportantforthespeaker?

A.Shewonagoldmedal.

B.Shebrokeworldrecords.

C.Sheknewmanychampions.

19.Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?

A.Tobeoptimisticaboutdivingagain.

B.Tofinishtrainingintheuniversity.

C.Tobalancelearningandtraining.

2O.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?

A.Herexperienceinthediving.

B.Herstoryofbeingacoach.

C.Herreasonforgoingtocollege.

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将

该项涂黑。

A

TheDesignMuseum,Kensington

FoundedbySirTerenceConranin1989,theDesignMuseumhostscontemporaryexhibitionsonfashion,

architectureandindustrialdesign.Aswellasthefascinatingdisplaysofpast,presentandfuturedesignthrough

temporaryshows,themuseumhostsavarietyoflearningprogrammeandactivitiesaimedatchildrenandyoung

people（aged5-16years）.

Address:TheDesignMuseum,224—238KensingtonHighStreet,LondonW86AG

Entryfee:Freeentry;exhibitionscostextra

RoyalAcademy,Piccadilly

Foundedbyartistsandarchitectsinthe1760s,theRoyalAcademyhasbeeninitscurrenthomeatBurlington

Houseformorethan150years.Highlightsofthepermanentcollectionspanmorethantwocenturies,fromWilliam

TurnertoTraceyEmin.TheannualSummerExhibitionisoneofthemaineventsintheLondonartcalendar,held

since1769,makingittheoldestopen-submissionexhibitionintheworld.Eachyear,oneoftheRoyalAcademy9s

artistsdevelopsstrategiesforthedisplay.

Address:RoyalAcademy,BurlingtonHouse,Piccadilly,LondonW1JOBD

Entryfee:Freeentry;exhibitionscostextra

TheWallaceCollection,Marylebone

Fineartfromthe15thto19thcenturiesisdisplayedatoneofLondon?sloveliestsmallartgalleries,setinthe

18th-centurytownhouseofSirRichardandLadyWallace,whocollectedfinepaintings,porcelain,artefactand

furnitureovergenerations.SeepaintingsbyCanalettoandRembrandt,plusexhibitionsonfashion,furniture,

ceramicsandmore.

Address:TheWallaceCollection,HertfordHouse,ManchesterSquare,LondonW1U3BN

Entryfee:Freeentry;exhibitionscostextra

ImperialWarMuseum,Lambeth

HousedinwhatwasoncethesiteofBethlemRoyalHospital,theImperialWarMuseumexplorestheroleof

Britishtroopsinconflictsthatcrossgenerationsandcountries.Ifsfullofoftenchallengingexhibitions,from

displaysonWorldWarItotheHolocaust.

Address:ImperialWarMuseum,LambethRoad,LondonSE16HZ

Entryfee:Freeentry;exhibitionscostextra

1.WhatisthepolicyfortheentryfeeattheDesignMuseum?

A.Thekidsaged5-16yearsarefreeofcharge.

B.Theentryisfreebutexhibitionscostextra.

C.Theentryandallexhibitionsareverycostly.

D.Theentrycostsextrabutexhibitionsarefree.

2.Whichmuseumranksitselfastheoldestopen-submissionexhibitionaroundtheglobe?

A.RoyalAcademy,Piccadilly.

B.TheDesignMuseum,Kensington.

C.TheWallaceCollection,Marylebone.

D.ImperialWarMuseum,Lambeth.

3.WhattypesofitemsaredisplayedattheWallaceCollection?

A.Paintings,jewellery,statues,andfashion.

B.Paintings,pottery,artefact,andjewellery.

C.Porcelain,pottery,sculptures,andfurniture.

D.Paintings,ceramics,furniture,andfashion.

【答案】l.B2.A3.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了几个艺术展。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据TheDesignMuseum,Kensington部分中的“Entryfee:Freeentry;exhibitionscostextra（入

场费：免费入场；展览需要额外付费）”可知，设计博物馆的入场费是免费的，但是展览需要额外付费，

故选B。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据RoyalAcademy,Piccadilly部分中的“TheannualSummerExhibitionisoneofthemain

eventsintheLondonartcalendar,heldsince1769,makingittheoldestopen-submissionexhibitioninthe

world（一年一度的夏季展览是伦敦艺术日历上的主要活动之一，自1769年开始举办，是世界上历史最悠

久的公开免费展览）”可知，RoyalAcademy,Piccadilly这个博物馆是全球最古老的公开免费展览，故选

Ao

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据TheWallaceCollection,Marylebone部分中的“Fineartfromthe15thto19thcenturiesis

displayedatoneofLondon'sloveliestsmallartgalleries,setinthe18th-centurytownhouseofSirRichardand

LadyWallace,whocollectedfinepaintings,porcelain,artefactandfurnitureovergenerations.Seepaintingsby

CanalettoandRembrandt,plusexhibitionsonfashion,furniture,ceramicsandmore.（伦敦最美丽的4、型艺术画

廊之一展示了15至19世纪的美术作品，该画廊位于理查德华莱士爵士和华莱士夫人的18世纪联排别墅

内，他们世代收集精美的绘画、瓷器、手工艺品和家具。欣赏卡纳莱托和伦勃朗的画作，以及时尚、家

具、陶瓷等展览）”可知，华莱士收藏馆展示了绘画、陶瓷、家具和时装。故选D。

B

NoonehadcalledmeMelissainmonths.HearingmynamewassomethingItookforgrantedbeforeIwas

outofwork.ButnowIwasn'tspendingtimewiththepeoplewhoknowmeasMelissa:myco-workers,fellow

writers,andfriends.

Ihadbeenathomewithmytwochildrenformonths.Evan,agenine,andDelaney,six,callmeMomor

Mama.AndIrealizethatIamfortunatetohavewonderfullittlepeopleinmylifewhocallmeMama-evenat

2:00a.m.whenoneofthemissick.

SomethinghappenedwhenIstoppedhearingmyname,though.Itbecameawholeothertypeofisolation.

BeforeIbecameMrs.FaceorMama,IwasMelissa.

Ineverreallyhadaproblemwithmyname.Ineverconsideredanamechange.Evenasanadult,Ihavenever

thoughtadifferentnamewouldsuitmebetter.IamMelissa,andmynameisabigpartofmyidentity.

Afterafewmonthsathome,Idecidedtodosomethingjustforme.IsignedupforawritingclassthatI'd

wantedtotakeforalongtime.BeforeIbecameahousewife,Icouldn'tgettotheclassbecauseofchildcare

concerns.ButnowIwassoexcitedtobeenrolledintheclass.Atourfirstsession,theinstructorbeganclassby

addressingusallbynameandintroducingourfirstprompt.

“Iwantyoutostartbywriting5Rightnow,Iam/andthencontinuewithwhateverfollowsthat.^^shesaid.

Istartedwritingmypiece.Tenminuteslater,sheaskedustobeginsharing."Melissa,we'llstartwithyou,“

myteachersaid.

Iclearedmythroatandreadmyfirstline.<4Rightnow,Iamhappy,“Isaid.'Tmhappytobeinteractingwith

otheradults,happytobewriting,andespeciallyhappytohearmyname.^^

4.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?

A.Sheisacaringperson.B.Sheisskilledinwriting.

C.Shevaluesherownidentity.D.Sheenjoysinteractingnow.

5.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor'smoodaftersigningupfortheclassfromthetext?

A.Distracted.B.Depressed.C.Determined.D.Delighted.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prompt”inParagraph5mean?

A.Address.B.Task.C.Advice.D.Friend.

7.Whatisthetext?

A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.C.Apersonalessay.D.Asciencefiction.

【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因为照顾家庭，被逐渐忽视了自己过去的身份，于是作

者决定为自己做点什么，报名了一个写作班。作者能和其他人互动感到很高兴。

【4题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段"HearingmynamewassomethingItookforgrantedbeforeIwasoutofwork.（在我

失业之前，听到我的名字是一件理所当然的事情）”以及第四段"IamMelissa,andmynameisabigpartof

myidentity4我是梅丽莎，我的名字是我身份的重要组成部分）”可推知，作者重视自己的身份。故选C。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第四段"IsignedupforawritingclassthatFdwantedtotakeforalongtime.BeforeI

becameahousewife,Icouldn'tgettotheclassbecauseofchildcareconcerns.ButnowIwassoexcitedtobe

enrolledintheclass.（我报了一个写作班，这是我很久以来一直想上的。在我成为家庭主妇之前，因为照顾

孩子的问题，我不能去上课。但现在我很兴奋能加入这个班）”可推知，作者报名后很高兴。故选D。

【6题详解】

词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Atourfirstsession,theinstructorbeganclassbyaddressingusallbynameand

introducingourfirsttprompt.（在我们的第一节课上,老师在开始上课时点名并介绍了我们的第一个

prompt）以及侄U数第三段""Iwantyoutostartbywriting?Rightnow,Iam/andthencontinuewithwhatever

fbllowsthat.”shesaid.（“我希望你从写'现在，我是‘开始，然后继续写接下来的内容。她说）”可知，在

的第一节课上，老师开始点名，并介绍了第一个写作任务。故划线词意思是“任务”。故选B。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章主要讲述了作者因为照顾家庭，被逐渐忽视了自己过去的身份，于是作者决定为

自己做点什么，报名了一个写作班。作者能和其他人互动感到很高兴。可推知，文章是一篇个人短文。

故选C。

C

Canyouimaginegettingatoothpulledoutorothermajordentalprocedureswithoutpain-killer?Ascientist

colleagueofmineuseda"fbcusin^^techniqueinsteadofrequestingpain-killeratthedentist.Eachtimethedentist

touchedthetooth,mycolleaguefeltbubblesofjoy,andthislasteduntilthedentistinterruptedbyasking,t€Whyare

yousmiling?^^

Afairquestionatthispointiswhyanyonewouldwanttobefullyawareofintenseorpainfulprocedures.But

whatmaysoundlikeapunishingchoice-todirectlyfacehurtorsuffering-mayinsomeinstancesbebeneficial.

Astreamofscientificarticlessuggeststhattherearebenefitsinturningtowarddiscomfortornegativeemotions

withacceptance.Inaddition,allofuscangainfromfindingwaystocopewithstressandsuffering-particularly

whenlargercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.Asaresearcherwhohasstudiedmeditation（冥想）formorethan

20years,Ibelievethatthedevelopmentofcalmness,acentralelementofcertainmindfulnessmeditationpractices,

canhelp.I'mnotadvocatingforpeopletoputthemselvesindangerousorpainfulpositions.Butwhenwepush

ourselvesintochallengingorconfusingsituations,muchliketrainerswhopushathletesjustpasttheircomfortzone

tomakegains,learningoftenhappens.Indeed,a2022studywithmorethan2,000peopledemonstratedthatthose

participantswhowerepubliclyencouragedtopushthemselvesintoawkward,uncomfortablesituations-including

takingclassestoboostself-confidenceandreadingaboutopposingviewpoints-laterreportedthegreatestdegree

ofpersonalgrowth.

Myownresearchindicatesthatmeditationprovidesanidealwaytopracticeturningtowarddiscomfort-

particularlywhenittrainsupone'scalmmind.Peoplewhoreportedhigherlevelsofcalmnessreportedless

psychologicaldistress（困扰）.

Rightnowpeoplearehurtingformanyreasonsandlookingforwaystocope.Withoutquestionthereare

manyimportantstepsweneedtotakecollectivelytorespondtothesechallenges.Butwecaneachbuildourability

torecoveronapersonallevelaswellbycultivatinggreateracceptanceofourexperience-goodorbad,painfulor

pleasant-inthepresentmoment.

8.TheauthorusesthefirstquestioninParagraph1to.

A.introducethetopic.

B.illustrateanargument.

C.highlightanopinion.

D.promoteapain-killer.

9.Whatisthebenefitofturningtowardsdiscomfortandnegativeemotions?

A.Ithelpsinavoidingsufferingfully.

B.Itincreasespsychologicaldistress.

C.Itleadstopersonalgrowth.

D.Itpromotesasenseofcalmness.

10.Whatistheauthor'sviewonputtingoneselfindangerousorpainfulpositions?

A.Theauthorencouragesitasawaytoimprovefitness.

B.Theauthordiscouragesitduetoitspotentialharm.

C.Theauthorbelievesitisnecessaryforpersonalgrowth.

D.Theauthorrecommendsittothoseconfusedtrainers.

11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TurningTowardsDiscomfort:MyExperienceofStayingStressfulandSuccessful

B.ExpandingComfortZones:TheDifferenceBetweenDiscomfortandCalmness

C.MindfulnessandMeditation:TheToolsforDealingwithStressandSuffering

D.CultivatingCalmness:TheBenefitsofMindfulnessinEnjoyingDentalOperation

【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了正念冥想可以帮助我们应对压力和痛苦。

【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据第——段中“Canyouimaginegettingatoothpulledoutorothermajordentalprocedures

withoutpain-killer?（你能想象在没有止痛药的情况下拔牙或进行其他主要牙科手术吗？）”和第二段中“A

streamofscientificarticlessuggeststhattherearebenefitsinturningtowarddiscomfortornegativeemotionswith

acceptance.Inaddition,allofuscangainfromfindingwaystocopewithstressandsuffering-particularlywhen

largercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.Asaresearcherwhohasstudiedmeditation（冥想）formorethan20

years,Ibelievethatthedevelopmentofcalmness,acentralelementofcertainmindfulnessmeditationpractices,

canhelp.（一系列科学文章表明，接受不适或负面情绪是有好处的。止匕外，我们所有人都可以从找到应对

压力和痛苦的方法中获益一一特别是当更大的情况超出我们的控制范围时。作为一名研究冥想20多年的

研究人员，我相信，作为某些正念冥想练习的核心元素，冷静的发展会有所帮助）”可推知，作者在第一

段提出这一问题是为了引出文章主题一一正念冥想有助于应对压力和痛苦。故选A。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。本艮据第二段中“Indeed,a2022studywithmorethan2,000peopledemonstratedthatthose

participantswhowerepubliclyencouragedtopushthemselvesintoawkward,uncomfortablesituations-including

takingclassestoboostself-confidenceandreadingaboutopposingviewpoints-laterreportedthegreatestdegree

ofpersonalgrowth.（事实上，2022年一项针对2000多人的研究表明，那些被公开鼓励让自己陷入尴尬、不

舒服的境地的参与者——包括参加课程来增强自信和阅读相反的观点——后来报告称个人成长程度最

高）”可知，面向不适和负面情绪的好处是它会带来个人成长。故选C。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“I'mnotadvocatingforpeopletoputthemselvesindangerousorpainfulpositions.

（我并不是提倡人们将自己置于危险或痛苦的境地）”可知，作者并不提倡将自己置于危险或痛苦的境地，

因为这会存在危险。故选B。

【11题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Astreamofscientificarticlessuggeststhattherearebenefitsin

turningtowarddiscomfortornegativeemotionswithacceptance.Inaddition,allofuscangainfromfindingways

tocopewithstressandsuffering-particularlywhenlargercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.Asaresearcher

whohasstudiedmeditation（冥想）formorethan20years,Ibelievethatthedevelopmentofcalmness,acentral

elementofcertainmindfulnessmeditationpractices,canhelp.（一系列科学文章表明，接受不适或负面情绪是

有好处的。止匕外，我们所有人都可以从找到应对压力和痛苦的方法中获益——特别是当更大的情况超出

我们的控制范围时。作为一名研究冥想20多年的研究人员，我相信，作为某些正念冥想练习的核心元

素，冷静的发展会有所帮助）”可知，文章主要介绍了正念冥想可以帮助我们应对压力和痛苦，C项“正

念和冥想：应对压力和痛苦的工具”适合作文章标题。故选C。

D

Ifyou'veseenthefilmFindingNemo,youmightrememberthecharacterDoryandherattemptstospeak

“whale”.Nowateamofscientistssaytheycouldbeonestepclosertodoingthat.Theyusedcomputertechnology

toanalyzewhalesoundsandthinktheyhavetranslatedtheirfirstwhaleword.

Spermwhalesdon'tspeaka"language“inthesamewayashumansdo,buttheycommunicatebyusingaseries

ofclicks.ScientistsfromProjectCETI,anorganizationdedicatedtotranslatingspermwhalelanguage,havespent

yearslisteningtothecreatures.Theyhaveplacedmicrophonesonwhalesandplantedunderwatermicrophonesoff

thecoastoftheCaribbeanislandofDominicatooverheartheanimals9conversations.

Nowtheteamisusingartificialintelligence(AI,computertechnologythatallowsamachinetoimitatehuman

intelligencebylearningasitgoesalong)tofindpatternsinthewhales9sounds.Thescientistshavebeentryingto

matchthesoundpatternswiththewhales9behaviortoseeifcertain"words“matchcertainactions.Thiscouldreveal

themeaningofeachindividualsoundorsetofsounds.

Sofar,thescientiststhinktheyunderstandthesignalfor"dive”.Theyhavealsomappedoutakindofsperm

whalephoneticalphabet(phoneticmeansturningsoundsintosymbols),However,likeDory,theyhavealongway

togobeforetheycantrulyspeak"whale”.Unlockingthelanguageofspermwhalescouldhelptoprotectthem.

Whalesareanimportantpartofmarine(海洋)ecosystemsallovertheworld.Theirbodiesalsostorelargeamounts

ofcarbon,whichhelpstoreducepollutionintheatmosphere.Ifhumansspoke“whale”,itcouldbepossibletowarn

themawayfromdangerousobjectsandareas,suchasfishingnetstheycanbecometangledinorshallowshorelines

wheretheycangetstranded.

12.Howdospermwhalesinteractwitheachother?

A.Bymakingsounds.

B.Byusingmicrophones.

C.Bytailmovements.

D.Byeyecontact.

13.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Givinganexampletoshowthatwhalesdon'tspeakalanguage.

B.Presentingnewevidenceontheinteractionmethodsofwhales.

C.Introducingascientificwaytolocatethepositionofthewhales.

D.Employinganovelapproachtointerpretthewhale9slanguage.

14.Whatcouldbeapossiblebenefitofspeaking“whale”?

A.Toimitatethesoundsmadebywhales.

B.Tounderstandthebehavioroffishers.

C.Totellwhalesaboutpotentialdanger.

D.Toreducepollutionintheatmosphere.

15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproject?

A.Unclear.

B.Hopeful.

C.Doubtful.

D.Indifferent.

【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家正在使用计算机技术分析鲸鱼的声音，并认为他们

已经翻译了第一个鲸鱼单词。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“Spermwhalesdon'tspeaka"language"inthesamewayashumansdo,butthey

communicatebyusingaseriesofclicks.（抹香鲸说"语言"的方式与人类不同，但它们通过一系列的点击来

交流。）”可知，抹香鲸是通过发出声音来交谈的。故选A。

【13题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第三段“Nowtheteamisusingartificialintelligence（AI,computertechnologythatallowsa

machinetoimitatehumanintelligencebylearningasitgoesalong）tofindpatternsinthewhales'sounds.The

scientistshavebeentryingtomatchthesoundpatternswiththewhales5behaviortoseeifcertain“words“match

certainactions.Thiscouldrevealthemeaningofeachindividualsoundorsetofsounds』现在，该团队正在使用

人工智能（人工智能，计算机技术，允许机器通过学习来模仿人类智能）来寻找鲸鱼声音的模式。科学

家们一直试图将声音模式与鲸鱼的行为相匹配，看看某些“单词”是否与某些动作相匹配。这可以揭示

每个单独的声音或一组声音的含义。）”可知，第三段主要讲述了科学家正在采用一种新颖的方法来解释

鲸鱼的语言。故选D。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Ifhumansspoke"whale”,itcouldbepossibletowarnthemawayfrom

dangerousobjectsandareas,suchasfishingnetstheycanbecometangledinorshallowshorelineswheretheycan

getstranded.（如果人类说“鲸鱼话”，就可以警告它们远离危险的物体和区域，例如可能缠住它们的渔网

或可能困住它们的浅海岸线）”可知，如果人类说“鲸鱼语”，就可以告诉鲸鱼它们潜在的危险。故选

Co

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后——段中“Unlockingthelanguageofspermwhalescouldhelptoprotectthem.Whales

areanimportantpartofmarine（海洋）ecosystemsallovertheworld.Theirbodiesalsostorelargeamountsof

carbon,whichhelpstoreducepollutionintheatmosphere.Ifhumansspoke"whale”,itcouldbepossibletowarn

themawayfromdangerousobjectsandareas,suchasfishingnetstheycanbecometangledinorshallow

shorelineswheretheycangetstranded.（解锁抹香鲸的语言有助于保护它们。鲸鱼是世界各地海洋生态系统

的重要组成部分。它们的身体还储存大量的碳，这有助于减少大气污染。如果人类说“鲸鱼话”，就可

以警告它们远离危险的物体和区域，例如可能缠住它们的渔网或可能困住它们的浅海岸线。）”可推知，

作者认为这个项目有助于保护鲸鱼，由此可推知，作者对该项目的态度是满怀希望的，故选B。

第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

Doyouhavebadhabits?Ifso,you'renotalone.16So,ifyouaretryingtogetoutofthingsthatmake

youashamed,thefollowingmaybeofhelptoyou.

17

Bothgoodhabitsandbadhabitsaresimilarbecauseyoucanendupdoingthemwithoutthinkingaboutit.

Steppingbackandseeingabadhabifspatterninyourlifecanhelpyoubreakfreeofit.Forinstance,ifyousmoke

acigaretteafterdinnereveryevening,youcanbreakthepatternandinsteadtakeawalkeveryeveningafter

dinner.Thisbreaksyourbadhabitpattern,andyoucanestablishanewhabitpatternthatwillstillgiveyouasense

ofarewardlikefeelinghealthier-withoutharm.

Establishnewtargets

Ifseasytogetstuckinbadhabitpatterns.Ifyousmokeafterdinnerandwanttostopthat,youbegintowalk,

whichhelpsbreakthehabit.Butonceyou'vebrokenthepattern,youcantakeittothenextlevel.18

Walkingtwoblocksinsteadofoneorrunaroundtheblockcanbeyourchoice.Suddenly,younotonlybrokethe

habitpattern,butyou'vealsoestablishednewgoalstomotivateyou.

Keepadiary

Writingdownyourdailystruggleswithabadhabitcanhelpyoubreakthehabit.Keeptrackofwhattriggers

thebadhabitorwhenyou9retemptedtodothebadhabit.Thiswillhelpyouunderstandyourselfbetterandgive

youtheabilitytostopthebadhabit.19.Writedownyourtemptations,andyourfeelingsasyoudidto

resistthehabit.

Gethelpfromfriendsorfamily

Agoodsupportivecommunityisessentialforovercomingbadhabits.Havingpeoplearoundyouwho

understandyouandknowhowtohelpyouwillgiveyouhope.Gatheraclosesetoffriendsorfamilyaroundyou.

Theymaybeabletostandwithyou,supportyou,andchallengeyou.20

A.Setgoalstodomore

B.Breakthehabitpattern

C.Thinkaboutsimilarhabits

D.Takeyournotebookwithyou

E.Mostofusareguiltyofsomethingwedislike

F.Sobekindandconsideratetoyourfamilyorfriends

G.Whenyoufall,thesepeoplecanencourageyoutotryagain

【答案】16.E17.B18.A19.D20.G

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些改变坏习惯的方法。

【16题详解】

根据上文“Doyouhavebadhabits?Ifso,you'renotalone.（你有坏习惯吗？如果是这样，你并不孤单）”以

及后文“So,ifyouaretryingtogetoutofthingsthatmakeyouashamed,thefollowingmaybeofhelpto

you.（所以，如果你正试图摆脱让你感到羞耻的事情，下面的方法可能会对你有所帮助）”可知，后文提到

了摆脱让你感到羞耻的事情，可知本句是在说明对某些事物感到内疚羞耻的情况，故E选项“我们大多

数人都对自己不喜欢的事情感到内疚”符合语境，故选E。

【17题详解】

根据本段内容“Bothgoodhabitsandbadhabitsaresimilarbecauseyoucanendupdoingthemwithoutthinking

aboutit.Steppingbackandseeingabadhabit'spatterninyourlifecanhelpyoubreakfreeofit.Forinstance,if

yousmokeacigaretteafterdinnereveryevening,youcanbreakthepatternandinsteadtakeawalkeveryevening

afterdinner.Thisbreaksyourbadhabitpattern,andyoucanestablishanewhabitpatternthatwillstillgiveyoua

senseofarewardlikefeelinghealthier—withoutharm.（好习惯和坏习惯都是相似的，因为你可能不假思索就

养成了它们。退后一步，看看你生活中坏习惯的模式可以帮助你摆脱它。例如，如果你每天晚饭后抽一

支烟，你可以打破这个模式，改为每天晚饭后散步。这会打破你的坏习惯模式，你可以建立一个新的习

惯模式，它仍然会给你一种奖励感，比如感觉更健康一一没有伤害）”可知，本段的建议是打破固有的习

惯模式，后文breakthepattern可对应B选项Breakthehabitpattern。故B选项"打破习惯模式”符合语

境，故选B。

【18题详解】

根据后文uWalkingtwoblocksinsteadofoneorrunaroundtheblockcanbeyourchoice.Suddenly,younot

onlybrokethehabitpattern,butyou'vealsoestablishednewgoalstomotivateyou.（你可以选择走两'个街区而不

是一个街区，或者绕着街区跑一圈。突然之间，你不仅打破了习惯模式，而且还建立了新的目标来激励

自己）”可知，后文提到走两个街区而不是一个街区，或者绕着街区跑一圈，即做了更多的事情来作为目

标。故A选项“设定目标，做更多的事情”符合语境，故选A。

【19题详解】

根据后文"Writedownyourtemptations,andyourfeelingsasyoudidtoresistthehabit.（写下你的诱惑，以及

你抵制这个习惯的感受）”可知，后文提到要写下诱惑，可知本句是建议带上书写工具。故D选项“带上

你的笔记本”符合语境，故选D。

【20题详解】

根据上文uGatheraclosesetoffriendsorfamilyaroundyou.Theymaybeabletostandwithyou,supportyou,

andchallengeyou.（召集一群亲密的朋友或家人在你身边。他们可能会和你站在一起，支持你，挑战你）”

可知，上文提到了朋友和家人会给予支持，故本句说明具体的支持举措。故G选项“当你跌倒时，这些

人会鼓励你再试一次”符合语境，故选G。

第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节完形填空（共20小题，每小题L5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳

选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Ourson,Tobey,hasalwayshadagenerousspirit,aswellasaveryindependentnature.Likemanysmallboys,

helikedtoshowhis21forsomeonebydoingakindorhelpfulthing.

’TmgoingtomakeVanessa?sbirthdaycake,^^heannounced22atagenine.Iknewthatheloveshis

sisterandhewaseagertodos