湖南省长沙市2024届高三年级下册模拟考试（一）英语试卷 含解析

湖南师大附中2024届模拟试卷（一）

英语

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，

用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷

上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到

答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.

答案是C。

1.Whatisthewoman'ssuggestion?

A.Gotothecastleinanothercity.

B.Visitthemuseum.

C.Visitthecitybybus.

2.Whoisthewomancomplainingabout?

A.Herteacher.B.Herkid.C.Herhusband.

3.Howistheweathernow?

A.Cloudy.B.Sunny.C.Rainy.

4.Whatmadethenoiselastnight?

A.Abomb.B.Atire.C.Alight.

5.WhyisJaneupset?

A.Shegotaparkingticket.B.Hercarstoppedworking.C.Shefoundnoparkingspace.

第二节供15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中

选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各

小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whichdaydoesthemanwanttheticketsfor?

A.Today.B.Tomorrow.C.Friday.

7.Whatwillthemanprobablydo?

A.Orderhisticketsbyphone.

B.Gotoanotherticketoffice.

C.Buyaticketforthewoman.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.Whatdoesthewomanworryabout?

A.Displayingherworks.B.Changingherdesignstyle.C.Meetingafamousdesigner.

9.Whohasinspiredthewoman'sworkmost?

A.ChristianDior.B.GuoPei.C.CocoChanel.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.Whendidthemanfinishhiswork?

A.Atnight.B.Duringthelunchbreak.C.Intheafternoon.

11.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodotonight?

A.Writeanessay.B.Teachherhistory.C.Stopplayingthepiano.

12.Howmightthewomanfeelabouttheman'splayingthepiano?

A.Upset.B.Thankful.C.Curious.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Strangers.B.Fatherandson.C.Friends.

14.WhatisHany'sfatherresponsiblefor?

A.Carinsurance.B.Healthinsurance.C.Businessinsurance.

15.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?

A.Sheisanexpertincars.

B.Sheisagreenhandindriving.

C.Sheisafanofsportscars.

16.WhichwordcanbestdescribeHarry?

A.Considerate.B.Tolerant.C.Ambitious.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Whatdoesthevoiceguideprovide?

A.Directionstoeachroom.B.Descriptionsofexhibits.C.Schedulesforkeyevents.

18.Howmanyexhibitionroomsarethereinthemuseum?

A.7.B.15.C.50.

19.Whatlanguagecouldvisitorschooseforavoiceguide?

A.OnlyEnglish.B.Anylanguage.C.Oneoutofsevenprovided.

20.Whatgiftcanavoiceguideuserget?

A.Alistofviewedexhibits.

B.Ane-bookaboutthemuseum.

C.Apictureofapopularexhibit.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

TheSydneyRoyalEasterShowwillbeheldover12daysfromFriday,22MarchtoTuesday,2April,2024at

SydneyOlympicPark.

ThisyeartheShowisheldoutsideofschoolholidayssoweekendsareexpectedtobebusy,particularlythe

EasterLongWeekend（Friday,29MarchtoMonday,1April）.Visitingonaweekdaytoavoidthelargestcrowdsis

highlysuggested,especiallyifyou'revisitingwithyoungchildren.

Transport:

TicketstotheEasterShowincludeevententryandtravelonpublictransport.Avoidthetrafficdelaysandcatch

publictransportinstead.

Expressandlimited-stoptrainswillruntoOlympicParkfromCentralandWesternLinestationsonweekends

withsomeadditionalservicesonweekdays.

SydneyOlympicParkMajorEventBuseswillruneachdayoftheEasterShowwithreturnbusesbetween

OlympicParkandthetrainstationfromearlymorninguntilaround3pmandfrom7pmuntil10:30pmeachnight.

Buseswillrunevery10to20minutes,andtimetablesvaryonweekdaysandweekends.

TrackworkwillcontinueduringtheShowandmayaffectyourtripbytrainormetro,dependingonwhereyou

aretravellingfrom,soplanaheadbeforeleavinghome.

GettingaroundiseasywiththeOpalTravelapp.TheOpalTravelappistheofficialTransportforNSWappto

helpyougetaroundpublictransport.Youcanplanyourtrips,checkyourtravelactivitiesandfares,topuponthego

andmore.

MajorEvents:

Friday,22March-NetballatKenRosewallArenafrom1pm一2:30pm

Saturday,23March-JokerXueatQudosBankArenafrom8pm一9:30pm

Sunday,24March-NetballatKenRosewallArenafrom4pm-6pm

Friday,29March-NRL:BulldogsvRabbitohsatAccorStadiumfrom7:30pm一9:30pm

Saturday,30March一$UICIEBOY$atQudosBankArenafrom7:30pm一10pm

Formoreinformationoneventsintheprecinct,visitWhafsonatSydneyOlympicPark.

1.Whatisthebestrecommendedtimeforvisitingtheshow?

A.Schoolholidays.B.Weekends.C.Weekdays.D.Longweekends.

2.Whichday'smajoreventisinaccessibletothebusservices?

A.Friday,22March.B.Sunday,24March.C.Friday,29March.D.Saturday,30March.

3.WhatistheMAINbenefitofusingtheOpalTravelapp?

A.Itoffersconvenientbalancerecharging.B.Itoffersadiscountforyourtransport.

C.Itoffersroadconditioninformation.D.Itoffersnavigationservicestothepark.

【答案】l.C2.B3.A

【解析】

【导语】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了悉尼皇家复活节秀的交通方式及活动信息。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Visitingonaweekdaytoavoidthelargestcrowdsishighlysuggested,especially

ifyou'revisitingwithyoungchildren.（强烈建议在工作日参观，以避免最拥挤的人群，特别是如果你带着小

孩参观）”可知，复活节秀推荐参与时间为工作日。故选C。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据Transport中关键句"SydneyOlympicParkMajorEventBuseswillruneachdayofthe

EasterShowwithreturnbusesbetweenOlympicParkandthetrainstationfromearlymorninguntilaround3pm,

andfrom7pmuntil10:30pmeachnight.（悉尼奥林匹克公园大型活动巴士将在复活节期间每天运行，往返于

奥林匹克公园和火车站之间的巴士从早上到下午3点左右，从晚上7点到晚上10点半）”及MajorEvents

部分“Sunday,24March—NetballatKenRosewallArenafrom4pm—6pm（3月24日，周日下午4点至

6点在肯•罗斯沃尔球馆举行的篮球赛）”可知，巴士在下午3点到晚上7点之间停止服务，Sunday,24

March（3月24日周日）的活动在下午4-6点进行，无法乘巴士到达。故选B。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据Transport中关键句“TheOpalTravelappistheofficialTransportforNSWapptohelpyou

getaroundpublictransport.Youcanplanyourtrips,checkyourtravelactivitiesandfares,topuponthegoand

more.（澳宝旅游应用程序是新南威尔士州官方交通应用程序，可以帮助您绕过公共交通工具。你可以计划

你的旅行，检查你的旅行活动和票价，在旅途中充值等等）”可知，该应用可以随时充值余额。故选A。

B

GrowingupinasmallvillageinGhana,OseiBoatengwatchedmanyofhisfamilymembersandneighbors

struggletoaccessbasichealthcare.Inmanyregionsofthecountry,itcantakehourstogettothenearesthospital.

“Mygrandmotherwasaverybigpartofmylife,^^saidBoateng.a4Itwasveryhardwhenwelosther,anditwasdue

tosomethingthatcouldhavebeeneasilyprevented.Thatisthepainfulpartofit.”

Feelinganurgentcalltohelp,Boatengdecidedhewouldmakeithislife'smissiontobringhealthcaretoremote

communitiesinGhana.Hestartedhisnonprofit,OKBHopeFoundation,andin2021,heconvertedavanintoa

mobiledoctor'sofficecalledtheHopeHealthVanandstartedbringinghealthcaredirectlytothoseinneed.Afew

timesaweek,themobileclinicandmedicalteamtravellongdistancestoremotecommunitiesinGhanaandprovide

routinemedicalcareforfree.Oneachtrip,Boateng'steamconsistsofanurse,aphysician'sassistant,adoctor,and

anoperationassistant.Inthevan,theycanrunbasiclabslikebloodworkandurinalysisaswellasprescribeand

providemedications.

Sinceitslaunch,BoatengsaystheHopeHealthVanhasservedmorethan4,000Ghanaiansacrossmorethan45

ruralcommunitieswhootherwisedon'thaveeasilyaccessiblemedicalcare.

Boatenghasbigplansforthefuture.Hehopestoexpandtoprovidemoreconsistentandhigh-qualitymedical

carenotonlytothoselivinginremoteareasofGhanabutinothercountriesaswell.HehasgoneallinonhisOKB

HopeFoundation,recentlyquittinghisjobtodedicatehistimetobringinghealthcaretohishomecountry.Butfor

him,thesacrificesarewellworththereward.

4.WhyisBoateng'sgrandmothermentioned?

A.Toshowhisdeeplove.B.Tohighlightthepoorhealthcare.

C.Tocallforequality.D.Toblamethegovernment.

5.Whatcannotpatientsgetinthevan?

A.Routinemedicalchecks.B.Prescribedmedicine.

C.Minoroperations.D.Mentaltherapy.

6.WhatcanbestdescribeBoateng?

A.Conservativeandcautious.B.Selflessandrisky.

C.Caringandtolerant.D.Devotedandambitious.

7.Whafsthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.HopelesshealthcareinGhanaB.NonprofitorganizationsboominginGhana

C.Doctor'sofficeonwheelsD.Empoweringmedicalschools

【答案】4.B5.D6.D7.C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Boateng开办OKB希望基金会，通过移动诊所的形式拯救生命

的原因，以及该基金会的影响。

【4题详解】

推理判断题。由第一段中“GrowingupinasmallvillageinGhana,OseiBoatengwatchedmanyofhisfamily

membersandneighborsstruggletoaccessbasichealthcare.Inmanyregionsofthecountry,itcantakehourstoget

tothenearesthospital.（OseiBoateng在加纳的一个小村庄长大，他目睹了他的许多家庭成员和邻居为获得基

本医疗保健而苦苦挣扎。在该国的许多地区，去最近的医院可能需要几个小时）”和“"Itwasveryhard

whenwelosther,anditwasduetosomethingthatcouldhavebeeneasilyprevented.Thatisthepainfulpartof

it."（我们失去她的时候非常难过，这是因为一些事情本可以轻易预防。这是痛苦的部分）”可知，提及

Boateng的奶奶是想强调Ghana基础医疗条件不好，很多本可以容易治愈的疾病夺走人们的性命。故选B

项。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。由第二段中“Afewtimesaweek,themobileclinicandmedicalteamtravellongdistancesto

remotecommunitiesinGhanaandprovideroutinemedicalcareforfree.Oneachtrip,Boateng'steamconsistsofa

nurse,aphysician'sassistant,adoctor,andanoperationassistant.Inthevan,theycanrunbasiclabslike

bloodworkandurinalysisaswellasprescribeandprovidemedications.（流动诊所和医疗队每周有几次长途前往

加纳的偏远社区，免费提供常规医疗服务。每次旅行，Boateng的团队都由一名护士、一名医生助理、一

名医师和一名手术助理组成。在面包车里，他们可以进行血液检查和尿液分析等基本实验室，也可以开处

方和提供药物）”可知，病人在面包车里可以得到常规医疗检查、被开处方药和小手术，不能得到心理治

疗。故选D项。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。由第二段中"Feelinganurgentcalltohelp,Boatengdecidedhewouldmakeithislife'smissionto

bringhealthcaretoremotecommunitiesinGhana.Hestartedhisnonprofit,OKBHopeFoundation,andin2021,

heconvertedavanintoamobiledoctor'sofficecalledtheHopeHealthVanandstartedbringinghealthcare

directlytothoseinneed.（Boateng感到有人迫切需要帮助，他决定将为加纳的偏远社区提供医疗保健作为自

己一生的使命。他创办了自己的非营利组织OKB希望基金会，并于2021年将一辆面包车改装成了一个名

为“希望健康车”的流动医生办公室，并开始将医疗保健直接带给那些需要帮助的人）”和最后一段中

“Boatenghasbigplansforthefuture.Hehopestoexpandtoprovidemoreconsistentandhigh-qualitymedical

carenotonlytothoselivinginremoteareasofGhanabutinothercountriesaswell.HehasgoneallinonhisOKB

HopeFoundation,recentlyquittinghisjobtodedicatehistimetobringinghealthcaretohishomecountry.

（Boateng对未来有着宏伟的计划。他希望扩大范围，不仅为生活在加纳偏远地区的人，也为其他国家的人

提供更一致、更高质量的医疗服务。他全力支持他的OKB希望基金会，最近辞去了工作，把时间花在为

祖国带来医疗保健上）”可知，Boateng提供免费医疗服务，最后一段提到了主人公的远大抱负，并辞职全

力投入，说明Boateng是一个专心致志，雄心勃勃的人。故选D项。

【7题详解】

主旨大意题。由第二段中uFeelinganurgentcalltohelp,Boatengdecidedhewouldmakeithislife'smissionto

bringhealthcaretoremotecommunitiesinGhana.Hestartedhisnonprofit,OKBHopeFoundation,andin2021,

heconvertedavanintoamobiledoctor'sofficecalledtheHopeHealthVanandstartedbringinghealthcare

directlytothoseinneed.（Boateng感到有人迫切需要帮助，他决定将为加纳的偏远社区提供医疗保健作为自

己一生的使命。他创办了自己的非营利组织OKB希望基金会，并于2021年将一辆面包车改装成了一个名

为“希望健康车”的流动医生办公室，并开始将医疗保健直接带给那些需要帮助的人）”和其他内容可知，

文章讲述Boateng返乡，开办OKBHopeFoundation通过“希望健康车”的流动医生办公室提供免费医疗

服务，C项“车上的医生办公室”适合作为标题。故选C项。

C

Ifyou'reeatingprotein（蛋白质）,youcouldbeswallowinghundredsoftinypiecesofplasticeachyear,research

finds.

AnewstudybyresearcherswiththenonprofitOceanConservancyandtheUniversityofTorontofound

microplastics-tinyparticlesrangingfromonemicrometertoahalf-centimeterinsize-innearly90percentof

proteinfoodsamplestested.

Theresearchersanalyzedmorethanadozendifferenttypesofcommonproteinsthatcouldwinduponthe

averageAmerican'splate,includingseafood,pork,bee£chicken,tofuandseveralplant-basedmeatalternatives.

TheyestimatedthatanAmericanadultcouldconsume,onaverage,atleast11,000microplasticpiecesperyear.

Thestudy5sfindingsprovidefurtherevidenceoftheavailabilityofsmallplasticparticles——whichhavebeen

discoveredeverywherefromAntarcticsnowtoinsidehumanbodies-andhowtheycanendupinthefoodweeat

andthewaterwedrink.

“Whilewestillreallydon'thaveanyideawhatthehumanhealthconsequencesofthisare,ifthereareanyat

all,weneedtotakethisseriouslybecausethisisaproblemthafsnotgoingawayonitsown,andifsonlygoingto

getworsethemoreplasticweuseandthrowaway,Leonardsaid.ButLeonardandotherexpertscautionedagainst

usingthefindingstodrawfinalconclusionsabouthowmicroplasticscandirtyfoodandtheamountofplasticthat

couldbehidinginproteins.

Thestudy'ssamplesizewasnotbigenoughandtheresearchersnotedthattherewashighvariabilityin

microplasticconcentrationsinthesamples.Theresearchersalsoonlycountedmicroplasticparticlesthatwerelarger

thanorequalinsizeto45micrometers.44Itjusthighlightsthatweneedtodomoreresearch/5saidBiancaDatta,a

foodscientistnotinvolvedinthenewresearch.

8.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Thenatureofplasticparticles.B.Theresearchers?discovery.

C.Thevarietyoffoodsonadiningtable.D.Theconclusionoftheresearch.

9.WhatisLeonard'sattitudetowardsthefindings?

A.Cautious.B.Critical.C.Confident.D.Concerned.

10.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthelastparagraph?

A.Toshowthelimitationoftheresearch.

B.Tohighlightthedangerofmicroplasticconcentrations.

C.Toappealforenvironmentalprotection.

D.Tostresstheurgencyofthestudy.

11.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle?

A.StayawayfromplasticsB.Possibleeffectsoffoodprocessing

C.YoumaybeeatingplasticsD.Apoisonedfoodsystem

【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.C

【解析】

【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了研究表明，我们日常生活饮食可能会让我们摄入大量的微塑料。

【8题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Theresearchersanalyzedmorethanadozendifferenttypesofcommonproteins

thatcouldwindupontheaverageAmerican'splate,includingseafood,pork,beef,chicken,tofuandseveralplant­

basedmeatalternatives.TheyestimatedthatanAmericanadultcouldconsume,onaverage,atleast11,000

microplasticpiecesperyear.（研究人员分析了十几种不同类型的常见蛋白质，这些蛋白质最终可能出现在普

通美国人的盘子里，包括海鲜、猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉、豆腐和几种植物性肉类替代品。他们估计，一个美国

成年人平均每年至少会摄入1.1万个微塑料碎片）”可知，本段主要介绍了这项研究的发现。故选B。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第五段“"Whilewestillreallydon'thaveanyideawhatthehumanhealthconsequences

ofthisare,ifthereareanyatall,weneedtotakethisseriouslybecausethisisaproblemthafsnotgoingawayon

itsown,andifsonlygoingtogetworsethemoreplasticweuseandthrowaway,Leonardsaid.（伦名内德说：“虽

然我们仍然不知道这对人类健康有什么影响，如果有的话，我们需要认真对待，因为这是一个不会自行消

失的问题，而且我们使用和扔掉的塑料越多，情况只会变得更糟。可知，Leonard对于这项发现的态

度是担忧的。故选D。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thestudy'ssamplesizewasnotbigenoughandtheresearchersnotedthat

therewashighvariabilityinmicroplasticconcentrationsinthesamples.Theresearchersalsoonlycounted

microplasticparticlesthatwerelargerthanorequalinsizeto45micrometers.44Itjusthighlightsthatweneedtodo

moreresearch,9,saidBiancaDatta,afoodscientistnotinvolvedinthenewresearch.（该研究的样本量不够大，研

究人员指出，样品中的微塑料浓度存在很大的可变性。研究人员还只统计了尺寸大于或等于45微米的微

塑料颗粒。没有参与这项新研究的食品科学家比安卡•达塔说：“这只是突出表明我们需要做更多的研

究。“）”可知，文章最后一段是为了说明研究的局限性。故选A。

【11题详解】

主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段“Ifyou'reeatingprotein（蛋白质）,youcouldbeswallowing

hundredsoftinypiecesofplasticeachyear,researchfinds.（研究发现，如果你吃蛋白质，你每年可能会吞下数

百块小塑料）”可知，本文介绍了我们日常生活饮食可能会让我们摄入大量的微塑料，C选项“你可能在吃

塑料”适合作为本文标题。故选C。

D

Thedaysofhavingadictionaryonyourbookshelfarenumbered.ButthafsOK,becauseeveryonealready

walksaroundwithadictionary-nottheoneonyourphone,buttheoneinyourhead.

Justlikeaphysicaldictionary,yourmentaldictionarycontainsinformationaboutwords.Thisincludestheletters,

soundsandmeaning,orsemantics,ofwords,aswellasinformationaboutpartsofspeechandhowyoucanfitwords

togethertoformgrammaticalsentences.Whileaphysicaldictionaryishelpfulforsharedknowledge,yourpersonal

mentaldictionaryiscustomizedbasedonyourindividualexperiences.

Whatwordsareinyourmentaldictionarymightoverlapwiththementaldictionaryofsomeoneelsewhoalso

speaksthesamelanguage,buttherewillalsobealotofdifferencesbetweenthecontentofyourdictionaries.You

addwordstoyourmentaldictionarythroughyoureducational,occupational,culturalandotherlifeexperiences.This

customizationalsomeansthatthesizeofmentaldictionariesisalittlebitdifferentfrompersontopersonandvaries

byage.Researchersfoundthattheaverage20-year-oldAmericanEnglishspeakerknowsabout42,000uniquewords,

andthisnumbergrowstoabout48,000byage60.Somepeoplewillhaveevenlargervocabularies.

However,yourmentaldictionarycan'tbelikeaphysicaldictionarysinceitisdynamicandquicklyaccessed.

Yourbrain?sabilitytoretrieveawordisveryfast.Inonestudy,researchersmappedthetimecourseofwordretrieval

among24collegestudentsbyrecordingtheirbrainactivitieswhiletheynamedpictures.Theyfoundevidencethat

participantsselectedwordswithin200millisecondsofseeingtheimage.Afterwordselection,theirbrainscontinued

toprocessinformationaboutthatword,likewhatsoundsareneededtosaythatchosenwordandignoringrelated

words.Thisiswhyyoucanretrievewordswithsuchspeedinreal-timeconversations,oftensoquicklythatyougive

littleconsciousattentiontothatprocess.

Thenexttimeyouhaveaconversationwithsomeone,takeamomenttoreflectonwhyyouchosethespecific

wordsyoudid.Rememberthatthewordsyouuseandthementaldictionaryyouhavearepartofwhatmakeyouand

yourvoiceunique.

12.Inparagraph2,theauthorexplains"mentaldictionary^^by.

A.makingcomparisonsB.analyzinginfluences

C.drawingconclusionsD.offeringassumptions

13.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?

A.People'svocabularywillpeakattheageof60.

B.Thecontentofone'smentaldictionaryisinherited.

C.Careershaveanimpactonthesizeofamentaldictionary.

D.NativeEnglishspeakerssharethesamementaldictionaries.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retrieve“meaninparagraph4?

A.Revise.B.Reacquire.C.Retell.D.Represent.

15.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewithmost?

A.Peopleareawareofthewordchoosingprocess.B.Thinktwicebeforewhattosayinaconversation.

C.Printdictionarieswillbereplacedbymentalones.D.Ourchoicesofvocabularyprobablytellwhoweare.

【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了心理词典与实体词典的区别以及心理词典的特点。

【12题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段段首句"Justlikeaphysicaldictionary,yourmentaldictionarycontainsinformation

aboutwords.""（就像实体词典一样，你的心理词典也包含有关单词的信息。）以及段尾句“Whileaphysical

dictionaryishelpfulforsharedknowledge,yourpersonalmentaldictionaryiscustomizedbasedonyourindividual

experiences."（虽然实体词典有助于分享知识，但你的个人心理词典是根据你的个人经验定制的。）可

知，作者通过比较心理词典和实体字典来解释mentaldictionary的具体含义，故选A项。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。本艮据第三段中的“Youaddwordstoyourmentaldictionarythroughyoureducational,

occupational,culturalandotherlifeexperiences.v（你通过自己的教育、职业、文化和其他生活经历将单词

添加到你的心理词典中）可知，职业对于心理词典的容量大小有影响。故选C项。

【14题详解】

词句猜测题。根据上文“However,yourmentaldictionarycan'tbelikeaphysicaldictionarysinceitisdynamic

andquicklyaccessed.^（然而，你的心理词典不能像实体词典一样，因为它是动态的和快速访问的）和

“Theyfoundevidencethatparticipantsselectedwordswithin200millisecondsofseeingtheimage.”（他们发

现有证据表明，参与者在看到图像后200毫秒内选择了单词）可知，你的大脑恢复单词的能力非常快。所

以划线词的意思是“重新获得”。故选B项。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后——段段尾句“Rememberthatthewordsyouuseandthementaldictionaryyouhaveare

partofwhatmakeyouandyourvoiceunique."（记住，你所使用的词汇和你所拥有的心理词典是使你和你

的声音独一无二的部分）可知，“人们的说话用词是展现个体独特性的一个方面”，说明我们对词汇的选

择可能会告诉我们自己是谁。故选D项。

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

PEERPRESSURE

Haveyoueverbeenforcedtodoanything?Haveyoueverfeltthatyouareinatightcomerbecauseofsomeone's

comment?16Peerpressureistheinfluenceasocialgrouphasonhimorher.

17Weallwanttobepartofagroupandfeellikewebelongtoourcommunity.Peerpressurecan

happenwhenweareinfluencedtodosomethingthatwewouldnotusuallydobecausewewanttobeacceptedby

ourpeers.Childrenandyoungadultsfeelsocialpressuretobeinlinewiththepeergroup.

Peerpressurecaninfluencehowpeopledress,howtheytalk,whatmusictheylistento,whatattitudestheyadopt

andhowtheybehave.Teenagerswanttobeliked,tofitinandtobeaccepted.18Peoplewhoarelowin

confidenceandunsureofthemselvesmaybemorelikelytoseektheirpeers'approvalbygoingalongwithrisky

suggestionsorchoosingthe“wrong"path.

Studentscandoalottoavoidpeerpressure.Themostimportantthingistobuildupself-confidence,sothatit

iseasiertosay"no"tothepeergroup.19Ifsagoodideaforteenstosurroundthemselveswithpositive

rolemodels-peoplewhodon'tmakefunofthem,butacceptthemandareconfidentthemselves.It'salsoimportant

foryoungpeopletothinkabouttheconsequencesoftheiractions.20Iftheystopandthinkaboutthe

consequences,theymightmakeadifferentdecision.

A.Whydoespeerpressurehappen?

B.Teenscantalktoagrown-uptheytrust.

C.Studentscandothisbychoosingtheirfriendswisely.

D.Iftheygiveintopeerpressure,whatcouldbetheresult?

E.Thismeanspeerpressurecanbepowerfulandhardtoresist.

F.We'veallexperiencedthesituationslikethat-peerpressure.

G.Weneedtorecognizewhenitispositiveandwhenitisnegative.

【答案】16.F17.A18.E19.C20.D

【解析】

【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了什么是同辈压力及如何处理同辈压力。

【16题详解】

后文"Peerpressureistheinfluenceasocialgrouphasonhimorher.（同辈压力是一个社会群体对他或她的影

响）”提到了peerpressure“同辈压力”的定义，前文用两个问句介绍了“同辈压力”带来的感受，F选项

“我们都经历过类似的情况一一同辈压力”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。

【17题详解】

空处为本段首句，后文“Peerpressurecanhappenwhenweareinfluencedtodosomethingthatwewouldnot

usuallydobecausewewanttobeacceptedbyourpeers.（当我们因为想要被同伴接受而被影响去做一些我们通

常不会做的事情时，同伴压力就会发生）”表示同辈压力什么时候会发生，A选项“为什么会有同辈压力”

符合本段主旨，引出下文。故选A。

【18题详解】

前文“Peerpressurecaninfluencehowpeopledress,howtheytalk,whatmusictheylistento,whatattitudesthey

adoptandhowtheybehave.Teenagerswanttobeliked,tofitinandtobeaccepted.（同辈压力会影响人们的穿

着、说话方式、听什么音乐、采取什么态度以及行为方式。青少年希望被人喜欢，融入社会，被人接受）”

表示同辈压力如何影响别人，后文“Peoplewhoarelowinconfidenceandunsureofthemselvesmaybemore

likelytoseektheirpeers'approvalbygoingalongwithriskysuggestionsorchoosingthe"wrong"path.（缺乏自信

和不自信的人更有可能通过接受有风险的建议或选择“错误”的道路来寻求同伴的认可）”表示不自信的人

会如何选择认可，E选项“这意味着同伴压力是强大的，难以抗拒的"中This指代前一句内容，表示同辈

压力影响力很大，同样解释了后文的原因。故选E。

【19题详解】

本段第一句话可知，本段介绍了避免同辈压力的方法，由uThemostimportantthingistobuildupself-

confidence,sothatitiseasiertosay"no"tothepeergroup.（最重要的是建立自信，这样更容易对同龄人说

“不”）”可知，此句表示要建立自信，后文“It'sagoodideaforteenstosurroundthemselveswithpositive

rolemodels-peoplewhodon'tmakefunofthem,butacceptthemandareconfidentthemselves.（对青少年来说，

让他们周围的人都是积极的榜样是个好主意一一这些人不会取笑他们，而是接受他们，对自己有信心）”表

示寻找给自己带来积极的朋友是重要的，C选项“学生可以通过明智地选择朋友来做到这一点”与下文语

境一致。故选C。

[20题详解】

空前"It'salsoimportantforyoungpeopletothinkabouttheconsequencesoftheiractions.（对年轻人来说，考虑

自己行为的后果也很重要）”为本段的第二个建议，结合后文"Iftheystopandthinkabouttheconsequences,

theymightmakeadifferentdecision」如果他们停下来想想后果，他们可能会做出不同的决定）”可知，D选

项“如果他们屈服于同辈压力，结果会是什么”表明了思考结果的可能性的例子，符合这一建议。故选

Do

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Ayoungvlogger,adeptat（擅于）sharinghumorandsincerity,risestofame,tacklingvarioustopicsand

empoweringothersal