北师大版高中英语必修五第9讲：Unit15-Learning-语法篇(教师版)

Unit15Learning语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。2、名词性从句中的虚拟语气。3、其他虚拟情况。条件状语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气在虚拟条件状语从句和主句中的用法：时间 虚拟条件状语从句谓语 主句谓语与现在事实相反 did(were) would/should/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反 haddone would/should/could/might+havedone与将来事实相反 did(were)/weretodo/shoulddo would/should/could/might+动词原形例：IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendtheimportantmeeting.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youcouldhavepassedtheexam.Ifyoucame/weretocome/shouldcometomorrow,wewouldholdtheparty.省略if的虚拟条件句：在虚拟条件状语从句中，可省略if，把were,should,had提到句首，变为倒装句式。例：Shouldhecome(=Ifheshouldcome),Iwouldtellhimtoringyouup.错综时间条件句如果主句和从句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句。例：Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbebetternow.含蓄条件句句中没有明显的虚拟条件状语从句，而是利用其它手段来代替条件状语从句，如用butfor,without,or,otherwise等。例：Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavesucceedintheexperiment.名词性从句中的虚拟语气在某些表示“命令，要求，建议”等的动词，名词以及形容词存在的主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句中的虚拟语气结构为：(should)+动词原形。常这样用的动词有：一坚持：insist二命令：order,command四建议：suggest(suggestionn.),advise(advicen.),propose(proposaln.),recommend五要求：require(requirementn.),request,demand,desire,urge例：Thegraduateinsistedthathe(should)gotoworkinthesouth.（宾语从句）Weagreedtoorderthatthetask(should)becompleted.（同位语从句）Hisdemandisthattheboy(should)gowiththem.（表语从句）Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnext.（主语从句）当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意时，insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”之意时，后接的宾语从句应当用陈述语气。例：Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.在wouldrather后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气宾语从句的谓语如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。例：IwouldratherIleftnow.Iwouldratheryoucamenextmonth.Iwouldratherhehadpassedtheexam.在wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气分类从句谓语与现在事实相反 did(were)与过去事实相反 haddone与将来事实相反 would/could/might+动词原形例：Iwishyouwouldgowithustomorrow.IwishIhadtoldhimthewaytothesupermarket.IwishthatIwereabird.其他虚拟情况在ifonly引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气分类从句谓语与现在事实相反 did(were)与过去事实相反 haddone与将来事实相反 would/could/might+动词原形例：IfonlyIwereyoungernow.IfonlyIhadknownthenewsearlier.onlyif表示“只有…（才）”，引导条件状语从句，不用虚拟语气。例：Itoldhimhewouldsucceedonlyifheworkedhard.虚拟语气在asif/asthough（好像）引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中的用法分类从句谓语与现在事实相反 did(were)与过去事实相反 haddone例：Helooksasifhewereanartist.Irememberitclearlyasifithadhappenedyesterday.当句子叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生的或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。例：Itsoundsasifitisraining.用于It’s(high/right)time(that)…“是该干…的时候了”句型中，从句中谓语动词用过去式或“should+动词原形”。例：It’s(high)timethatyouwent/shouldgotobed.Mygrandpainsistedthathe_____injuredand_____tothehospital.be,besentwas,wassentbe,wassentwas,besent解析：句意：我爷爷坚持认为他受伤了，坚决要求把他送到医院。本题考查宾语从句和虚拟语气。Insist意为“坚持认为”时，其后所带的宾语从句用陈述语气，故第一空用was;意为“坚决要求”时，其后所带的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”，故答案为D。答案：D。例2.ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI_____it?HaddoneHavedonedidamdoing解析：句意：是约翰打坏的窗户，你为什么和我说呢？好像是我打坏的一样。本题考查虚拟语气。第一句已经说明是John打坏的窗户，所以第二句中asif后面要用虚拟语气，而且是对过去的虚拟，所以要用过去完成时，故选A。答案：A。例3.（2015北京丰台高三二模）—Sorryindeed,I_____yourweddingifIhadbeeninBeijing.—Forgetit.Iknowyouwereoutonbusiness.attendedhadattendedwouldattendwouldhaveattended解析：句意：确实很抱歉，如果我在北京的话，我肯定会参加你的婚礼的。算了吧，我知道那时你在外出差。根据语境可知，前者没有参加后者的婚礼。由此可知，空格处应用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的虚拟。答案：D。例4.（2015北京通州高三一模）Ifhe_____myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.wouldfollowD.hadfollowed解析：句意：如果他听了我的建议，他就不会失业了。根据语境并结合句中“hewouldn’thavelosthisjob”可知此空是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，if从句应用过去完成时。故答案选D。答案：D。例5.（2015北京通州高三二模）Wewouldhavewonifwe_____thousandsoffansscreaning.A.hadhadB.hadC.havehadD.Have解析：句意：如果我们有成千上万的粉丝为之呐喊，那我们已经取得胜利了。根据“wouldhavewon”可知，本句为对过去的虚拟，所以if引导的条件句要用过去完成时，故答案选D。答案：D。基础演练一，单项选择。Mymomsuggeststhatwe_____eatoutforachangethisweekend.Should B.might C.could D.would2.Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexam_____attheageofsixmonthsold.was B.be C.were D.is3.—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey_____alwayslate.weren’t B.hadn’tbeen C.wouldn’tbe D.wouldn’thavebeen4.IfonlyI_____moreconfidenceintheEnglishspeechcontestheldlastweek.A.wouldhave B.havehad C.hadhad D.have5.Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathe______somethinginsteadofjusttalking.A.willdo B.hasdone C.do D.did6.I’dappreciate_____ifyoucouldteachmehowtousethecomputer.A.that B.it C.this D.you7.Whatimpressesmemostis_____heappearsinfrontofothers,hewearsascienceandcharmingsmile.A.which B.that C.where D.thatwhatever8.（2015北京房山高三二模）WithoutyourgoodadviceoflearningEnglish,I_____thetestlastweek.A.didn’tpass B.wouldn’tpass C.wouldn’thavepassed D.hadn’tpassed9.（2015北京丰台高三一模）Withalittlemorecare,you_____thetrafficaccident.It’sluckythatyoujusthurtyourarm.A.canavoid B.avoided C.hadavoided D.couldhaveavoided10.（2015北京东城高三二模）ImightspeakFrenchfluentlyifI_____thechancetostayinFranceforsometime.A.ambeinggiven B.weregiven C.willbegiven D.wouldbegivenKeys：1-10ABACDBDCAB巩固提高完成句子。—他们究竟去哪里了？—我不知道，但我希望我知道。—Whereonearthhavetheygone?—Ihavenoidea,butIwishI_________(know).—他明天要来。—但我宁愿他后天来。—Hewillcometomorrow.—ButI’dratherhe__________(come)thedayaftertomorrow.你该做家务活了。Itishightimethatyou________________thehousework.要是某一天我能到月球上去多好啊！IfonlyI____________________tothemoononeday.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里。HetalksaboutRomanasifhe___________________therebefore.Keys：1.Know 2.came 3.shoulddo 4.couldgo 5.hadbeen一，单项选择。1.Ineedtimeto_____onwhatyouoffered.A.consider B.reflect C.imagine D.suggest2.Afriendislikeamirror.Whenyoustandinfrontofatruefriend,whatis______backtoyou.reflecting B.toreflectC.beingreflected D.beenreflected3.Playingvideogamescanmakechildrenaggressiveand_____attentiondisorders.Sochildrenwhoplayvideogamesalotseemtohavemoretroubleinschool.A.contributeto B.resultfromC.liein D.comeabout4.Itishardforsuchalittlechildrento_____thedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.select B.distinguish C.instruct D.reflect5.Thesuccessofamarriagedependsontheextent_____whichyouarepreparedtoworkatit.to B.in C.on D.of—Excuseme,youaresupposedtohandinyourdesignnow.—I’msorry,mycomputerbrokedown,orI_____itlastnight.A.finished B.wouldfinish C.hadfinished D.wouldhavefinished7.Theemployeetalkedabouthiseducationbackground,butthemanagerwouldratherhe_____moreonhisworkingexperience,A.focus B.focused C.occupy D.reflect8.Teachersrecommendparents_____theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A.notallow B.donotallow C.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallow二，根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空。—Doyouliketheschool?—Yeah.Ionlywishtheclasses___________(be)alittlesmaller.WiththeSpringFestivalapproaching,theexperts’suggestionthattickets_________(book)onlineisofvitalpractice.Expertssuggestthatpeopleshould__________(take)upsomehobbies,whichmayhelpreducepressureanddepression.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe__________(focus)moreonitsculture.Thestoryissovivid—IfeelasifI__________(be)there.LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI__________(be)morecarefulwhendriving.Heisapoorlylearnedman,betheactsasthoughhe__________(be).Keys: 一，1-8BAABADDA二，1.were 2.bebooked3.take 4.focused5.were 6.Hadbeen7.were__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一，完型填空。AbrahamLincoln(亚伯拉罕.林肯)wasbornin1809.Atthattime,theUnitedStatesdidnotlooklikethe1thatweknowtoday.Therewere2states,asyoucanseeonthe3.MostofthestateswereintheEastandtheSouth,andtherewereonlytwostatesintheWest,4thecoastandthemountains.ThestatewhereLincolnwasbornwasinthe5ofthecountrybetweentheNorthandtheSouth.Hisfatherwasafarmerwho6hadmuchmoney,7hisfamilyoftendidnotevenhaveenoughfoodto8.LittleAbrahamhadtoworkonhisfather’s9whenhewasonlysixyearsold.Inthosedays,ifparentswantedtosendtheir10toschool,theyhadto11theteachersthatrantheschool.Abraham’sfathercouldnotreadorwrite,andhedidnotthinktheboy12anyschooling(学校教育).“Abe’slifewillnotbedifferentifhecanreadandwrite,”hesaid.“Andpoorpeoplehaven’tanythingtocount,soAbewillnot13arithmetic(算术).”ButAbe’smotherdidnot14him,andwhenateachercametoopenaschool,Abe’smothermanaged(设法)to15enoughmoneytosendAbeandhissisterthere.Abelovedschool16thefirstday,andhewasalwaysthe17pupilinhisclass,buthewasaboy18otherboysandhewasnotconfident.Helearnedtoreadandwriteveryquickly,andinoneofhisschoolbookshe19:AbrahamLincoln,Hishandandpen;Hewillbegood,ButGodknows20.1.A.world B.country C.capital D.state2.A.many B.more C.smaller D.fewer3.A.blackboard B.wall C.map D.door4.A.between B.among C.over D.nextto5.A.edge B.centre C.back D.middle6.A.usually B.ever C.never D.all7.A.so B.because C.then D.but8.A.wear B.plant C.grow D.eat9.A.farm B.playground C.island D.mountain10.A.brothers B.children C.sons D.daughters11.A.help B.cost C.pay D.spend12.A.needed B.wanted C.loved D.tried13.A.read B.learn C.copy D.teach14.A.refuse B.explain C.agreewith D.hearof15.A.steal B.rob C.find D.save16.A.from B.at C.in D.on17.A.oldest B.youngest C.best D.richest18.A.like B.as C.for D.towards19.A.said B.wrote C.sang D.played20.A.why B.what C.when D.where二，写作。如何理解“成功”，不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读下面的引语（quotation），按要求用英语写一篇短文。Successistheabilitytogofromonefailuretoanotherwithnolossofenthusiasm.—SirWinstonChurchill内容要求：你对该引语的理解；你的相关经历；恰当的结尾。注意：短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；文中不能出现考生的具体信息；词数：120左右。ThisquotationfromWinstonChurchilltellsusthat_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________