北师大版高中英语选修八第9讲：Unit24-Society-语法篇(教师版)

Unit24Society语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、虚拟语气—在书面语中2、虚拟语气—在口语，非正式用语中虚拟语气—在书面语中用“should/oughtto+动词原形”的形式。Weshouldgooutfoeawalk.Yououghttostudyhardforyourfuture.温馨提示：should和oughtto都表示“应该”，一般可以互换使用，但是should含有“按我的想法应该…”的意思；oughtto语气强烈，强调“有责任，义务或按道理应该…”的意思。有些动词后跟宾语从句时，从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。此类动词可以用“一，二，三，四法”进行记忆。=1\*GB3①一个“坚持”，即insist。Heinsistedthatwe(should)attendthemeeting.=2\*GB3②两个“命令”，即order和command。Thebossorderedalltheworkers(should)bethereontime.=3\*GB3③三个“建议”，即suggest,advise,recommend。Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gooutforawalk.=4\*GB3④四个“要求”，即demand,require,request和desire。Idemandedthathe(should)answermeassoonaspossible.注意：当suggest表示“暗示，表明”：时，insist表示“坚持说”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气，用陈述语气。在“It’sdesired/suggested/requiredthat…”句型中，后面的主语从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.在suggestion,proposal,order,advice,demand等名词后接的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。There’snosuggestionthatyou(should)resign.在“Itis(high)timethat…”这一特殊句式中，谓语动词用过去式或shoulddo的形式表示虚拟，should不能省略。It’stimethatwewenthome.虚拟语气—在口语，非正式用语中用ifIwereyou,I’d…句型，语气更委婉，含蓄。IfIwereyou,I’dgowiththem.用Ithinkyoushould/oughttodo…句型，语气稍强。Ithinkyoushouldbuyhimagift.如果要强硬的批评，责备某人或提出建议，可用下列句型：=1\*GB3①It’sabout/hightimethat…It’sabouttimeyougotdowntoreading.=2\*GB3②You’dbetterdosth./You’dbetternotdosth.You’dbettergivehimsomeadviceonit.=3\*GB3③I’drathersb.didsth.I’dratheryoucametonight.例1.You_____trustanonlineshopjustbecauseithasabeautifully-designedwebsite.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.couldn’t D.needn’t解析：句意：你不应该仅仅因为有一个设计优美的网站就相信一家网店。本题考查情态动词。根据句意可知此题选择A项shouldn’t不应该。mustn’t禁止；couldn’t不能；needn’t不需要，均不符合句意。答案：A。例2.Eyedoctorsrecommendedthatachild’sfirsteyeexam_____attheageofsixmonthsold.was B.be C.were D.is解析：句意：眼科医生建议孩子的第一次演讲检查应该在六个月大的时候进行。动词recommend后跟宾语从句，从句中的谓语动词形式为“should+动词原形（should可省略）”。答案：B。 例3.We_______backinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.are B.were C.willbe D.wouldbe解析：句意：如果你没有丢掉地图，我们现在回到宾馆了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知，if引导的从句是对过去事实的阐述，而主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟，其谓语动词应为：would/should/could/might+do结构，故选择D项。答案：D。例4.（2015北京大兴高三一模）HowIwisheverybody_____theopportunitytotravelinspace.has B.had C.willhaveD.hashad解析：句意：我多希望每个人都有机会去太空旅行啊！根据语境可知，wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，故用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的假设。故答案选B。答案：B。例5.（2015北京石景山高三一模）Theoldmanwishedhe_____toseethebirthofhisgrandchild.wouldlive B.lived C.hadlived D.lives解析：句意为：老人希望自己能活着见到他的孙子出生。根据句意可知，该句为虚拟语气，表示对将来情况的虚拟，从句应用wouldlive。故A正确。答案：A。基础演练一，单项选择。1.Ifonlyhe____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.lies B.lay C.hadlain D.shouldlie2.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.A.has B.had C.willhave D.hadhad3.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.A.drove;didn’tget B.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tget D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot4._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will5.Isuggestedtheperson_____tobeputintoprison.A.refers B.referring C.referred D.refer6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.A.breaks B.hasbroken C.werebroken D.hadbeenbroken7.Iinsisted_____toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing___wrongwithhim.A.onhimtogo;shouldbe B.hewent;beC.hego;was D.heshouldto;is8.---Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestoday.---Ihadrathershe____metomorrowthantoday.A.tells B.told C.wouldtell D.hadtold9.---Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible.---Yes,butI____busydoingmyhomework.A.was B.were C.hadbeen D.wouldbe10.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI____thesportsmeet.A.wouldhavetakenpartin B.tookpartinC.hadtakenpartin D.wouldtakepartinKeys：1-10CBDBCCCBAA 巩固提高单项选择。1.___theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasilyA.Haditnotbeenfor B.Ifitwerenot C.Ifithadnotbeenfor D.Wereitnotfor2.Ifmylawyer____herelastSunday,he____mefromgoingA.hadbeen,wouldhaveprevented B.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,prevent D.were,wouldhaveprevented3.（2015北京高三顺义第一学期期末考试）—Helooksveryhotanddry.—Sowouldyouifyou______atemperatureof40.have B.had C.wouldhave D.havehad(2015北京高三丰台一模)Althoughthetest_____looklikeasimpleone,greatcareisneeded.may B.must C.should D.need（2015北京高三朝阳一模）—Congratulations!Ihearyou’vewonthefirstprizeinthesingingcompetition.—You_____bemistaken.I’minthedanceclass.must B.may C.should D.couldKeys： 1-5DABAA 一，单项选择。1.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascome B.didcome C.come D.hadcome2.He____busyyesterday,orhe___youwithyourexperiment.A.was,hadhelped B.was,wouldhavehelped C.hadbeen,wouldhavehelped D.were,wouldhavehelped3.Ifit____forthesnow,we____themountainyesterday.A.werenot,couldhaveclimb B.werenot,couldclimb C.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbed D.hadn’tbeen,couldclimb4.Withoutelectricity,humanlife____quitedifficulttoday.A.is B.willbe C.wouldhavebeen D.wouldbe5.---Iamgoingtotellherthenews.---Iwouldassoonyou_____heraboutit.A.didn’ttell B.don’ttell C.hadn’ttell D.won’ttell6.Mike’sfather,aswellashismother,insistedhe____home.A.stayed B.couldstay C.hasstayed D.stay7.Itwasrequestedthattheplay____again.A.shouldputon B.wouldputon C.beputon D.puton8.Sheinsistedthatadoctor_____immediately.A.hadsentfor B.send C.besentfor D.wassent9.---Didyouscoldhimforhiscarelessness.----Yes,but____it.A.I’drathernotdo B.I’drathernothavedone C.Ishould’tdo D.I’dbetternotdo10.IfonlyI___mycar.A.hadn’tlost B.wouldn’tlose C.didn’tlose D.haven’tlost11.Butforwater,it____impossibletoliveintheearth.A.is B.would C.were D.wouldn’tbe12.Iwouldratheryou____anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.do B.didn’tdo C.don’t D.didn’t13.Thekind-heartedcoupletreattheorphanverywellasthoughhe____theirownson.A.is B.were C.hadbeen D.shouldbe14.Howtheoldpeoplewishthatthey____youngoncemore.A.were B.couldbecome C.hadbeen D.shouldbe15.Itishightimethatwe____ameetingtodiscussthisproblem.A.hold B.held C.haveheld D.hadheldKeys:1-15DBCDADCCBACBBAB__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________完型填空。MyfirstexpeditionWhenIwasabouttwelve,I1thechancetogotowesternChina,lookingforrareplantsinanextraordinaryareaofmountainsandforests.Iwasn'tallthat2inplants,butmydad'sabotanistby3andhewasgoingasanassistanttoProfessorBeal,whowas4theexpedition.Itwasanimportantinternationalexpeditionandmynamewas5notonthelistofparticipants.Butatthe6moment,oneoftheexpertsbrokehisankleandhadto7out.Itwasimpossibletogetanyoneelsetogoatsuch8notice,somydadsuggestedtakingme,9theexperience.Ithinktheprofessorwassosurprisedthatheagreedwithoutthinking,butheobviouslybeganto10doubtsassoonastheplanewasintheair.Irememberhim11thathehopedIwasn'tgoingtorunaroundand12onrarespecimens!AsifIwasalittlekid.Mydaddidn'tsayanythingasbadasthat,buthedidsaythathehopedhewasn'tgoingto13bringingme.ItriedtobereallyquietsotheywouldforgetIwasthere.Theydidn'trealizeitatthe14,butmyambitionwastogetaphotoofawildpanda.And,ofcourse,intheendthat's15whatIdid.1.A.got B.found C.reached D.received2.A.fascinated B.keen C.interested D.fond3.A.work B.profession C.job D.employment4.A.offering B.giving C.leading D.exploring5.A.completely B.definitely C.particularly D.confidently6.A.late B.final C.last D.end7.A.drop B.slip C.fall D.look8.A.quick B.brief C.fast D.short9.A.to B.for C.on D.of10.A.have B.see C.do D.feel11.A.speaking B.telling C.talking D.saying12.A.step B.spoil C.squash D.ruin13.A.discourage B.regret C.disappoint D.apologize14.A.minute B.point C.event D.time15.A.perfectly B.correctly C.exactly D.accurately二，写作。假设你是红星中学高二（1）班的学生李华，去年你作为交换生在美国学习和生活了半年。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇关于你在美国学习和生活情况的短文，向学校英语报社的投稿。注意：词数不少于60。StudyandliveinAmericaLasttermIstayedinAmericaforhalfayearasanexchangestudent.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________