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UpdateandProgress2021
USEDVEHICLESAND
THEENVIRONMENT
AGlobalOverviewofUsedLightDuty
Vehicles:
UpdateandProgress2021
USEDVEHICLESANDTHEENVIRONMENT3
Tableofcontents
Introduction
4
KeyFindings
6
FlowsandScaleofUsedLightDutyVehiclesfromtheMajorExporters
8
Hybrid,Plug-inHybridandBattery-poweredelectricusedvehicles15
RegulatoryEnvironmentforUsedLightDutyVehiclesindeveloping
andtransitioncountries(Aug2021)
18
ProgressinAfrica
22
Conclusion
24
4UsedVehiclesandtheenVironment
Introduction
Introduction5
Introduction
Theexportofusedlightdutyvehicles(LDVs)hasincreasedsignificantly.In2015,3.4millionused
LDVswereexportedglobally,by2019thishadincreasedto4.8million.Mostlikelyduetothecovid-19pandemic,therewasareductionofusedLDVsin2020to4million.
Thisreportgivesupdatedandnewinformationtothe2020UNEPreport,“GlobalOverviewonUsedLightDutyVehicles:Flows,Scale,andRegulations”.Thepaperincludes:
●AnadditionalmajorexporterofusedLDVs,theRepublicofKorea(ROK).Thisisinadditiontothethreepreviouslyreviewedexporters-theUnitedStatesofAmerica(USA),EuropeanUnion(EU)andJapan.
●Twomoreyearsofdatafromallthefourmajorexportershasbeenincludedintheanalysis.ThereportthusincludesnewusedLDVsdatacoveringtheperiodfrom2015to2020across208
importingcountriesfromsevenregionsglobally.
●Anupdateoftheregulatoryenvironmentfor146developingandtransitionalcountriesin2021,usingtheUNEPranking.
●ProgressmadeinAfricatoadvanceusedLDVsregulations.
6UsedVehiclesandtheenVironment
KeyFindings
KeyFindings7
KeyFindings
●ThefourmainexportersofusedLDVsaretheEU,Japan,USA,andROK.
●Between2015and2020,about23millionusedLDVswereexportedto208countriesandterritoriesworldwideacrosssevenregions,fromthesefourmainexporters.
●Duringthisperiod,around66%oftheusedLDVswereexportedtodevelopingandtransitionalcountries.
●FromtheseexportsofusedLDVstodevelopingandtransitionalcountries,Africareceivedthehighestshareofexports(24%),followedbyEasternEurope,Caucasus,andCentralAsia(14%),Asia-Pacific(12%),theMiddleEast(10%),andLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(8%).
●From2015to2020theEUtradedaround11.5millionusedLDVs,58%ofwhichremainedwithintheEUand42%beingexportedoutsidetheEU.UsedLDVstradewithinEUcountries,plus
importsfromtheUSA,JapanandROKtotheEUwas31%ofthetotalunitstradedglobally.
●Fortheperiod2015-2020,theEUremainedthelargestexporterofusedLDVs,considering
tradewithinandoutsidetheEUat(49%)followedbyJapan(26%),theUSA(18%),andROK(8%).
●Between2017and2020,theEU,Japan,andROKexportedatotalof760,139hybrid,plug-inhybridandbattery-poweredelectricusedvehiclesglobally.DatafortheEUandROKwasforLDVs,whileforJapanthisincludedLDVsandbuses,datawasunavailablefortheUSA.
●Ofthe146developingandtransitionalcountriesstudiedtodeterminetheirusedLDVsimportpolicies,therehasbeenprogresssince2020onregulationsforensuringbetterqualityusedvehicles.From47countrieswith‘good’or‘verygood’policies,thishasnowincreasedto62countries.
●Sincethepreviousreport,15countriesoftheEconomicCommunityofWestAfricanStates
(ECOWAS)sub-regionhaveadoptedaVehiclesDirectiveforEuro4/IVequivalentemission
standards,withimplementationfromJanuary2021.PeruadoptedEuro6/VIemission
standardsinOctober2021withanimplementationdateofOctober2024concurrentlywith10ppmfuels.CambodiaadoptedEuro4/IVemissionstandardsthisyear,tobeimplementedbyendof2021.AtthesametimeEthiopiaintroducedin2019highertaxationforusedLDVs(upto500%)todiscourageimportofolderusedLDVs.
●In2020,UNEP,togetherwithpartners,launchedthe“SaferandCleanerUsedVehiclesforAfricaproject”.Thisprojectaimsatpromotingaglobalconsensusonminimumrequirementsbeforeusedvehiclesareexportedandimported.Thiswillensuremajorroadsafetybenefitsforbothcardriversandroadusers,withco-benefitstotheenvironmentandeconomy.
8UsedVehiclesandtheenVironment
FlowsandScale
ofUsedLightDuty
Vehiclesfromthe
MajorExporters-EU,
USA,Japan,ROK:
2015-2020
FlowsandScaleofUsedLightDutyVehiclesfromtheMajorExporters-EU,USA,Japan,ROK:2015-20209
TheglobalsupplychainsandscaleofusedLDVsflowsareanalyzedfromthefourmajorglobal
usedvehicleexporters(theEU,USA,Japan,andROK).Exportdataanalyzedisfor208countriesandterritoriesacrosssevenregionalmarkets(Africa;Asia-Pacific;EasternEurope,theCaucasusand
CentralAsia(EECCA);theEuropeanUnion(EU);LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(LAC);MiddleEast;andNorthAmerica).
In2020,thequantityandflowofusedLDVsfromthesefourmajorexportersisdepictedinmap1.Itisimportanttonotehoweverthattherecipientcountriesmaynotbethefinaldestinations,assomecountries,includingthosethatbanimportsofusedvehiclesfornationaluse,re-exportthemin
theirregions.
MAp1UsedLightDutyVehiclesQuantityandFlowtoMainDestinationMarketsfromtheEU,USA,Japan,ROK(2020)
Source:UNEp,basedondatafromfourexportingcountriesto208countriesgloballyfrom2020
From2015to2020,around23millionusedlightdutyvehicles(LDVs)wereexportedto208countriesandterritoriesworldwideacrosssevenregions,fromthesefourmainexporters.
Theshareofusedlightdutyvehicleexportsfromthefourexportersfrom2015-2020isanalyzedbelowandshowninfigure1.
From2015,theseexportshavebeenincreasingsteadilyuntil2020whentherewasadecline,most
likelyduetothecovid-19pandemic.In2015,around3.4millionusedvehicleswereexported,andby2019thesereachedaround4.8millionannually.TheLDVmarketgrewonaverage9.7%between2015and2019.In2020,thenumberofusedLDVsexportedreducedby800thousandfromtheprevious
yearto4millionunits.
TheEUasaregiontradedthemostLDVs,11,535,841units(49%ofglobalusedLDVsintheperiod2015-2020).ThisfigureincludesthosetradedbetweentheEUcountries,aswellasthoseexportedoutsidetheEU.Ofthetotalamounttraded,4.9millionunits(42%)wereexportedoutoftheEUtoothercontinents,witharound6.6millionunits(58%)remainingwithintheEUcountries.Japan
10UsedVehiclesandtheenVironment
exported6.1millionusedLDVs(26%),theUSAexportedaround4.4millionunits(18%)andROKaround1.8millionunits(8%).
Ontheimportingside,fromallfourexporterscombined:theEUregisteredapproximately7.4millionusedlightdutyvehicles(31%),Africareceivedapproximately5.6millionunits(24%),EasternEurope,Caucasus,andCentralAsiareceivedapproximately3.2millionunits(14%),Asia-Pacificaround2.9millionunits(12%),theMiddleEastaround2.4million(10%),LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(LAC)around2million(8%),andNorthAmericaaround178,531(1%).
FIgURE1.ShareofUsedLight-DutyVehicleExportsfromtheEU,USA,Japan,andROK2015-2020
Source:UNEp,basedondatafromfourexportingcountriesto208countriesgloballyfrom2015-2020
TAbLE1.Summaryoftheexportsandimportsstudiedacross208countriesfrom2015-2020
Exporters
2015-2020
Approximatenumberofvehicles%sharebyregion
11.5million(4.9millionofthese
*EU
wereexportedoutoftheEUtootherregions)
49%
Japan
6.1million
26%
USA
4.4million
18%
ROK
1.8million
8%
Importing
Approximatenumberofvehicles
Shareofvehiclesimported
*EU
betweenEUcountries:6.6million
betweenEUcountries:6.6million
FromJapan:0.21million
FromUSA:0.52million
FromROK:0.034million
Total:7.4million
betweenEUcountries:28%
FromJapan:1%
FromUSA:2%
FromROK:0.01%
Total:31%
FlowsandScaleofUsedLightDutyVehiclesfromtheMajorExporters-EU,USA,Japan,ROK:2015-202011
2015-2020
24%14%12%10%8%
Africa
EECCA
Asia-pacificMiddleEast
LAC
5.6million3.2million2.9million2.4million2million
*NorthAmerica
0.17million
1%
Source:UNEp,basedondatafromfourexportingcountriesto208countriesgloballyfrom2015-2020
*EUincludesallmemberstates.
*NorthAmericaincludesUSA,Canada,andgreenland
ThenumberofusedlightdutyusedvehicleexportsfromEU,Japan,USA,andROKdroppedfrom
around4.8millionunitsin2019,to4millionunitsin2020.Thisreductioncouldhavebeencausedbycovid-19impacts.
In2020,thequantitiesofLDVsimportedbyeachregionanddistributedbysub-regionisanalyzedbelowandshowninfigure2.
●Africa:900,191usedlightdutyvehicleswereimported.Thedistributionbysub-regionisasfollows:
●WesternandCentralAfrica-52%(464,518units)
●NorthAfrica-24%(214,153units)
●EasternAfrica-17%(148,581units)
●SouthernAfrica-8%(72,939units)
●Asia–Pacific:362,927usedlightdutyvehicleswereimportedasfollow:
●SouthAsia-31%(114,153units)
●NortheastAsia-29%(105,083units)
●Oceania-27%(96,813units)
●SouthEastAsia-13%(46,878units)
●EasternEurope,CaucasusandCentralAsia:745,972usedlightdutyvehiclewereimportedasfollows:
●EasternEurope-76%(563,932units)
●SouthernEurope-11%(79,756units)
●Caucasus-9%(70,380units)
●CentralAsia-4%(31,904units)
●EU:1,302,924wasthetotalnumberofusedlightdutyvehiclestradedbetweenEUcountriesandimportedfromthethreeotherexportersasfollows:
●WesternEurope-56%(726,407units)
●CentralEurope-24%(316,911units)
●SouthernEurope-15%(191,979units)
●NorthernEurope-5%(67,627units)
●LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean:285,512usedlightdutyvehicleswereimportedasfollows:
●Eachofthethreesubregions(CentralAmerica,SouthAmerica,andtheCaribbean)receivedonaverage97,150units(33%)oftheusedvehicleimports.
12UsedVehiclesandtheenVironment
FIgURE2.DistributionofUsedLight-DutyVehicleimportsbyregionsandsub-regionsfromtheEU,USA,Japan,andROKin2020
Source:UNEp,basedondatafromfourexportingcountriesto208countriesgloballyfrom2020
ThedestinationandamountsofusedlightdutyvehiclesexportedfromEU,USA,Japan,andROKin2020isfurtheranalyzedbelowandshowninfigure3.
FIgURE3.ShareofUsedLight-DutyVehicleExportsfromtheEU,USA,Japan,andROKtoAfrica,Asia-pacific,EECCA,EU,LAC,MiddleEast,andNorthAmericain2020
Source:UNEp,basedondatafromfourexportingcountriesto208countriesgloballyfrom2020
FlowsandScaleofUsedLightDutyVehiclesfromtheMajorExporters-EU,USA,Japan,ROK:2015-202013
AnanalysisofregionaldistributionofusedLDVsimportsin2020fromthefourexportersshowthat:
●Africareceived335,571vehiclesfromtheEUand229,444fromJapan.Africahistorically
importsusedvehiclesmainlyfromthesetwoexporters.ImportsfromtheUSAandROKarehoweverincreasingandjointlytotaled335,176in2020,comparedto185,753in2015.
●Asia–PacificimportsusedvehiclesprimarilyfromJapanandtheUSA,andthesetrends
havebeenconstantinthelastsixyears.In2020,theregionimported71.4%(259,248units)of
usedLDVsfromJapan,10.6%(38,409units)fromtheUSA,9.2%(33,342)fromROK,and8.8%(31,928)fromtheEU.
●EECCAimportedmostusedvehiclesfromtheEUat58%(429,719units),followedbytheUSA20%(149,359units),Japan17%(125,949units)andROK6%(40,945units).
●LAChistoricallyimportmainlyfromJapanandtheUSA.In2020,theregionimported44%
(125,210units)oftheirusedlightdutyvehiclesfromtheUSA,39%(112,458units)fromJapanand16%(45,058units)fromROK.
●TheMiddleEastimportsmainlyfromtheUSAandJapan.In2020,46%(192,624units)ofusedlightdutyvehicleswereimportedfromtheUSA,27%(114,033units)fromJapan,and22%
(90,351units)fromROK.
●TheEUcountriesthatallowusedvehicleimportsreceivedthesemainlyfromtheirmemberstatesat89.9%(1,171,832units),withsmallersharesfromtheUSAat7.4%(96,355units),Japanat2.6%(33,842units)andROKat0.1%(895units).
●NorthAmerica(Canada,USA,andGreenland)imported37%(9,122units)ofusedlightdutyvehiclesfromtheEU,27%(6,667units)fromJapanand5%(1,899units)fromROK.Atsametime,CanadaandGreenlandimported28%(6,805units)oftheirusedvehiclesfromtheUSA.
Ineachregion,thetopfiveimportingcountriesin2019wereidentified.Thetotalnumberofvehiclesimportedbythesetopimporterswerecomparedbetween2019and2020andanalyzedbelowandshownintable2.
●Africa:In2019,LibyarepresentsthemainimporterofusedLDVs,followedbyNigeria,Kenya,
BeninandGhana.Areductionfrom2019to2020intheusedvehiclemarketisobserved,exceptforGhanathatincreasedtheirimportsofusedLDVsbyaround10,000units.
●Asia–Pacific:In2019,NewZealand,Mongolia,Cambodia,Myanmar,andSriLankawerethemainimporters.In2020,importsbyCambodiaMyanmarandSriLankareducedbyover40%.
●EECCA,Georgiaimportedthemostusedlightdutyvehiclesin2019,however,thesedroppedby65%in2020.Ukraineisthesecondlargestimporter,andfrom2019to2020thecountryincreasedimportsby46%.
●LAC:ChilewasthelargestimporterofLDVsin2019with91,828units.Eventhoughthecountryhasbannedusedvehicles,Chilere-exportsthesetootherlandlockedcountriesintheregion,
suchasParaguayandBolivia.LDVsimportsfellbyabout12%acrossthetopimportingcountriesin2020,comparedto2019,exceptforGuatemalathatsawa1%increase.
14UsedVehiclesandtheenVironment
●MiddleEast:TheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE)isthemainimporterintheregionwithalmost70%.In2020importsofLDVsfellby31%comparedto2019.TheUAEplaysakeyroleinre-exportofusedvehiclesintheregionandtoAfrica.
●EU:withintheEUcountries,thehighestusedLDVsimportswereregisteredinGermany(31%),France(26%),Poland(16%),Netherlands(15%)andBelgium(12%).InmostoftheEUcountriesimportsofusedvehiclesdroppedbetween2019and2020.
●NorthAmerica:theUSAwasthemainimporterofusedLDVsin2019,withareductionof47%observedinLDVsimportsin2020.
TAbLE2.TopFiveImportingCountriesofUsedLightDutyVehiclesbyregionin2019and2020
IMpORTINgCOUNTRy
2019USEDVEHICLEIMpORTSAFRICA
2020USEDVEHICLEIMpORTS
LibyanArabJamahiriyaNigeria
Kenya
benin
ghana
NewZealand
Mongolia
Cambodia
Myanmar
SriLanka
georgia
Ukraine
RussianFederation
Serbia
bosniaAndHerzegovina
Chile
Mexico
DominicanRepublic
Jamaica
guatemala
UnitedArabEmirates
Jordan
Oman
yemen
Lebanon
germany
173277
152343
54528
47395
62596
388104
159207
71694
60940
53190
ASIA-pACIFIC
84632
58592
31352
23115
9219
106518
69848
57007
50051
26194
EECCA
64884
260575
121762
129093
46051
183159
178173
118304
106961
51660
LAC
80498
42246
43864
20537
27168
91795
55410
53244
29501
27015
MIDDLEEAST
217086
68363
54317
41625
4715
315011
63326
45209
18261
12767
EU
192271
227149
IMpORTINgCOUNTRy
FlowsandScaleofUsedLightDutyVehiclesfromtheMajorExporters-EU,USA,Japan,ROK:2015-202015
2019USEDVEHICLEIMpORTS
2020USEDVEHICLEIMpORTS
France
193861
200302
poland
114033
81634
Netherlands
110005
99698
belgium
89193
NORTHAMERICA
81755
UnitedStates
29509
15733
Canada
9049
8690
greenland
48
70
Source:UNEp,basedondatafromfourexportersto208countriesgloballyfrom2019and2020
Hybrid,Plug-inHybridandBattery-poweredelectricusedvehicles
Opportunitiesexistforelectricvehicletechnologytransferthroughusedvehicles,thusassisting
countriestoleapfrogtocleanertechnologiesfaster.Salesofusedhybridelectricvehicles(HEV),plug-inhybridelectricvehicles(PHEV)andbattery-poweredelectricvehicles(BEV)areincreasingglobally.
Between2017and2020,theEU,Japan,andROKexportedatotalof760,139HEV,PHEV,and
BEVglobally.DatafortheEUandROKwasforLDVs,whileforJapanthisincludedbothLDVsandbuses,datawasunavailablefortheUSA.
TheexportsofusedlightdutyHEV,PHEVandBEVfromtheEU,Japan,andROKbetween2017-2020isanalysedbelowandshowninfigure4.
Fig.4UsedlightdutyHEV,pHEVandbEVtradedbytheEU,Japan,andROKbetween2017and2020
Source:UNEpbasedondatafromtheEU,Japan,andROKexportsto208countriesgloballyfrom2017to2020
*DatafortheEUandROKwasforLDVs,whileforJapanthisincludedLDVsandbuses,datawasunavailablefortheUSA
16UsedVehiclesandtheenVironment
*TheEUexported161,806HEV,pHEVandEVandthisincludesvehiclestradedbetweenEUcountries,aswellasexportedtocountriesoutsidetheEU(132,021betweenEUmemberstates)
●ThemainrecipientmarketsofusedHEV,PHEV,andBEVareAsia-Pacificwith52%(393,186
units),theEUwith21.2%(161,309units),EECCAwith16%(125,411units),Africawith5%
(36,042units),LatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanwith4%(28,187units),andtheMiddleEastwith2%(14,854units).
●TheEUtraded161,806usedlightdutyHEV,PHEVandBEVbetween2017and2020.Ofthese,132,021vehiclesweresoldbetweencountriesintheEU.Thebalance29,785wereexportedoutoftheEU,ofthese,Africareceived8.5%(13,751units),theEECCA3.8%(6,180units),theMiddleEast3.2%(5,227units),Asia-Pacific1.7%(2,709units),NorthAmerica0.7%(1,077units)and
LAC0.5%(841units).In2017,theEUexportedcloseto28,000usedlightdutyHEV,PHEVandBEVandby2020,thisnumberhadincreasedto52,000units,agrowthof82%infouryears.
●Japanexportedabout596,000usedHEV,PHEVandBEVlightdutyvehiclesandbusesbetween2017and2020.ThemaindestinationsofthesevehicleswereAsia-Pacific65%(390,188units),andEECCA20%(118,974units).
●ROKexportedapproximately1,600usedlightdutyHEV,PHEVandBEVsbetween2017and2020.MiddleEastreceived60%(954units)ofthesevehicles,whileAsia–PacificandEECCAreceived18%(289units)and16%(257units)respectively.
Table3showsthenumberofusedHEV,PHEV,andBEVvehiclesexportedfromtheEU,Japan,andROKtothedifferentregions,between2017to2020.
TAbLE3.ImportstotheregionsfromEU,Japan,andROKofusedHEV,pHEV,andbEVfrom2017to2020.
Region
EECCA
Totalexports
125,411
%sharebyregion
16.5%
Africa
LAC
Asia-pacific
EU
MiddleEast
NorthAmerica
Total
36,042
28,187
393,186
161,309
14,858
1,146
760,139
4.7%
3.7%
51.7%
21.2%
2.0%
0.2%
Source:UNEpbasedondatafromtheEU,Japan,andROKexportsto208countriesgloballyfrom2017to2020
DatafortheEUandROKwasforLDVs,whileforJapanthisincludedLDVsandbuses,datawasunavailablefortheUSA
17UsedVehiclesandtheenVironment
Regulatory
Environment
forUsedLight
DutyVehiclesin
developingand
transitioncountries
(Aug2021)
18
RegulatoryEnvironmentforUsedLightDutyVehiclesindevelopingandtransitioncountries(Aug2021)
NationalregulatoryenvironmentsthatseektoincentivizecleanerandmoreefficientusedLDVshavebeenanalysedfor146developingandtransitioncountries.ThesehavebeencategorizedinarankingsystembyUNEP.
TAbLE4.RegulatoryEnvironmentRanking(UNEp)
Source:basedondatacollectedfromthe146countriesuptoAugust2021(UNEpdata)
InAugust2021,146countrieswerereviewedtoassessregulatorymeasuresadoptedtomanage
usedlightdutyvehicleimports.TherehasbeensomeprogresssincethefirstUsedVehiclesand
EnvironmentreportofOctober2020.Lastyear,the15countriesoftheECOWASsub-regionhave
adoptedaVehiclesDirectiveforEuro4/IVequivalentemissionstandards,withimplementation
fromJanuary2021.PeruadoptedEuro6/VIvehicleemissionsstandardsinOctober2021,thefirstcountryintheLACregiontodosonationwide,andimplementationistostartfromOctober2024,
concurrentlywith10ppmsulphurfuels.CambodiaadoptedEuro4/IVvehicleemissionstandardsin2021,tobeimplementedbyendoftheyear.In2020,therewere81countrieswithweakorveryweakmeasuresand47countrieswithgoodorverygoodmeasures.In2021,66countrieshaveweakorveryweakmeasuresand62countrieshavegoodorverygoodmeasures.ThisisshowninMap2
usingtheaboveUNEPrankingsystem,andinTable5bycountry.
MAp2UsedLightDutyVehicleRegulatoryEnvironment(UNEp,August2021)
Sourcebasedon146countriesstudieduptoAugust2021(UNEpdata)
19UsedVehiclesandtheenVironment
Table5UsedLightDutyVehicleRegulatoryEnvironmentRankings(August2021)
Regulatory
Ranking(UNEp)
Region
EnvironmentCountries
Verygood
Algeria,Mauritius,pakistan,Singapore,Sri-Lanka,Albania,Ukraine,Iran,Iraq,Israel,UnitedArabEmirates
Total:11
Africa(2)
Asia-pacific(3)
EECCA(2)
LAC(0)
ME(4)
benin,burkinaFaso,CapeVerde,Chad,Côted’Ivoire,gabon,
gambia,ghana,guinea,guineabissau,Lesotho,Liberia,
Mali,Mauritania,Morocco,Niger,Nigeria,Rwanda,Senegal,
SierraLeone,Togo,Tunisia,bangladesh,brunei,Fiji,Malaysia,
Maldives,NewZealand,papau-Newguinea,Timor-Leste,
Vietnam,Azerbaijan,belarus,Kazakhstan,Tajikistan,Russia,
Antigua&barbuda,barbados,bahamas,bermuda,bolivia,
CostaRica,DominicanRepublic,Jamaica,Mexico,peru,
Trinidad&Tobago,bahrain,Kuwait,Qatar,SaudiArabia
Total:15
Africa(4)
Asia-pacific(2)EECCA(4)
LAC(4)ME(1)
botswana,burundi,Cameroon,CentralAfricanRepublic,
Comoros,Congo,DemocraticRepublicofCongo,Equatorial
guinea,Eritrea,Eswatini,Ethiopia,Libya,Madagascar,
Malawi,Mozambique,SaoTome&principe,Somalia,South
Sudan,Tanzania,Uganda,Zambia,Zimbabwe,Afghanistan,
Laos,Mongolia,Myanmar,Nauru,palau,Armenia,georgia,
Kyrgyzstan,Moldova,Montenegro,Turkmenistan,Aruba,
belize,Cuba,Dominica,Frenchguiana,grenada,guatemala,
Haiti,Nicaragua,panama,paraguay,St.KittsandNevis,St.
Lucia,St.Vincentandthegrenadines,TurksandCaicos,
Jordan,Oman
Total:18
Egypt,SouthAfrica,Seychelles,Sudan,bhutan,India,
Indonesia,Nepal,philippines,Thailand,Turkey,Argentina,
brazil,Chile,Colombia,Ecuador,Uruguay,Venezuela
Total:146
Angola,Djibouti,Kenya,Namibia,Cambodia,Samoa,bosniaandHerzegovina,Serbia,Macedonia,Uzbekistan,ElSalvador,guyana,Honduras,Suriname,Lebanon
Total:51
Africa(22)
Asia-pacific(6)
EECCA(6)
LAC(15)
ME(2)
Total:51
Africa(22)
Asia-pacific(9)
EECCA(5)
LAC(11)
ME(4)
Africa(4)
Asia-pacific(6)EECCA(1)
LAC(7)
VeryWeak
banned
good
Weak
*SincethelastUNEpreportof2020,15countriesoftheECOWASsub-regionhaveadoptedaVehiclesDirectiveforEuro4/IVequivalentemissionstandards,implementationfromJanuary2021.peruadoptedEuro6/VIinOctober2021,and
implementationisfromOctober2024concurrentlywith10ppmfuels.CambodiaadoptedEuro4/IVin2021,tobeimplementedbyendof2021.
20UsedVehiclesandtheenVironment
ProgressinAfrica
progressinAfrica21
UNEPhasbeencollaboratingwithcountriesgloballytoputinplaceregulations,standards,and
processestoensurethatcountriesonlyreceivequalityusedvehicles.Oneoftheprojectsbeing
implementedbyUNEP,togetherwithpartners,focusesonAfricaastheregionwiththehighestroadfatalities,andwillbeexpandedtoincludeotherregions.The“SaferandCleanerUsedVehiclesfor
Africaproject”waslaunchedin2020.Thisprojectwillensuremajorroadsafetybenefits,forbothcardrivers,roadusers,withco-benefitsontheenvironmentandeconomy,andprovidesaplatformforthemajorLDVexportersandAfricanimportingcountriesandregionalbodiestointroduceminimumstandardsforusedLDVsimportandexport.
Underthisproject,guidelineshavebeendevelopedtosupportcountriesonusedvehiclesinspectionandmonitoringframework,complianceandenforcementmechanisms,andinformationsharing
systems.Bestpracticeproceduresandrequirementsforexportingandimportingcountrieshavealsobeenreviewed.Mainfindingsincludetheneedforminimumcriteria,suchasavalidroadworthinesscertificateatthepointofexport,acertificateofconformity,andaframeworktosupportsharingof
dataontheusedvehiclesbetweenexportingandimportingcountries.
ProgressinregionsincludesnewadoptedregulationsinAfrica.InSeptember2020,the15memberstatesoftheEconomicCommissionofWestAfricanStates(ECOWAS)adoptedthefirstregionally
harmonisedvehicleregulationforbothnewandusedvehiclesinAfrica.ThisDirectiverequiresthatvehiclesthatareimported,bothnewandused,petrolanddiesel,willneedtocomplytoaminimumofEURO4/IVequivalentvehicleemissionsstandardsfromJanuary2021.Anagelimitof5years
onlightdutyvehiclesand10yearsonheavydutyvehiclesisalsorequiredandthecountrieshaveaperiodof10yearstoimplementtheagerestrictions.Additionally,in2021,EastAfricancountrieshaveproposedaharmonizedEuro4/IVequivalentemissionsstandardfornewandused,lightandheavy-dutyvehicles.Fromtheexportingside,theEuropeanCommissioniscurrentlyrevisingtheDirectiveonend-of-lifevehicles(ELVDirective).ThisDirectivesetstargetsforELVsandtheircomponents.TheCommissionexpectstopresentalegislativepr
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