中国文化读写专项：中国政府+中国人民- 高考英语常考中国文化读写专练+素材积累

Lesson2ChineseGovernment中国政府 TheChineseCommunistPartyistherulingpartyofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.Chinapossessesamulti-party,consultativesystemofgovernmentthatoperatesundertheleadershipoftheCommunistParty. AccordingtotheChineseConstitution,allcitizenseighteenyearsofageandolderhavetherighttovoteandtorunforoffice. TheNationalPeople'sCongressisChina'shigheststatepoliticalorgan,withtherighttoproposeandapprovelegislation.TheStateCouncil,alsoknownastheCentralPeople'sGovernment,isthehigheststateadministrativeorgan. Stateaffairsarecarriedoutaccordingtoadministrativedivisions.People'sCongressesandPeople'sGovernmentsexistattheprovinciallevel(includingautonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment),countylevel(includingcities),andvillagelevel(includingtownships). ThePeople'sCourtisthestateorganofjustice.Thecourtsystemconsistsofthenational-levelPeople'sSupremeCourt,underwhichareprovincial-levelSupremeCourtsforeachprovince,autonomousregion,andmunicipalitydirectlyundertheCentralGovernment,followedbymid-levelandlocal-levelPeople'sCourts.ThePeople'sSupremeCourtisChina'shighestjudicialorgan.ItisresponsibletotheNationalPeople'sCongressanditsStandingCommittee,andsupervisesthejudicialworkofallPeople'sCourts,MilitaryCourts,andotherspecializedcourtsateverylevel.AlllegalactivitiesaresupervisedbythestatePeople'sProcuratorate. ThePeople'sProcuratorateisthestatelegalsupervisoryorgan. Inrecentyears,atrialprogramofdirectelectionofofficialshasbeeninstitutedatthevillageandtownshiplevels,receivingenthusiasticsupportfromlocalpeopleandwidespreadinternationalattention. HongKongandMacaoareSpecialAdministrativeRegions,withindependentelections,legislatures,judiciary,andadministrativesystems.（281words）◆Helper:legislation[ˌledʒisˈleiʃən]立法TheStateCouncil[ˈkaunsl]国务院administrative[ədˈministrətiv]管理的，行政的autonomous[ɔ:ˈtɒnəməs]自治的municipality[mju:ˌnisi'pæləti]自治市，直辖市supreme[su:ˈpri:m]最高的，至高的judicialorgan[dʒu:ˈdiʃəlˈɔ:ɡən]司法机构StandingCommittee[kəˈmiti]常务委员会supervise[ˈsju:pəvaiz]监督legal[ˈli:ɡəl]法律的procuratorate['prɒkjʊəreitərit]检察院supervisory[ˌsju:pə'vaizəri]监督的；管理的trial[ˈtraiəl]试验的；[法]审讯的institute[ˈinstitju:t]建立，开始，着手enthusiastic[inˌθju:ziˈæstik]热心的，热情的judiciary[dʒʊ'diʃəri]司法的◆ChineseBriefIntroduction:中华人民共和国政府，通称中国政府，是中华人民共和国中央政府和地方政府的总称。1949年10月1日，毛泽东在北京宣告中华人民共和国中央人民政府成立。1954年9月27日颁布首部宪法，实行人民代表大会制度后，全国人民代表大会是最高国家权力机关，全国人大及其常委会是中华人民共和国法律的立法机关。中华人民共和国国务院即1954年后的中央人民政府，统领全国各级行政机关，是最高国家行政机关。地方各级人民政府与当地同级人民法院、人民检察院合称一府两院，都接受当地同级人民代表大会及其常务委员会的监督。◆Exercise:I.Questions:1.HowoldisaChinesecitizenwhenhehastherighttovoteandtorunforoffice?2.Whatisthehigheststateadministrativeorgan?3.Whatisthestateorganofjustice?4.WhicharethetwoSpecialAdministrativeRegionsmentionedinthetext?II.Writtenwork：根据以下提示，用英语写一篇介绍香港的短文，字数100字左右。香港位于中国的东南部，面积1106平方公里，人口约734万，被称为“东方明珠”。1842年鸦片战争后，当时的中国政府被迫将香港割让给英国。1997年她已回到祖国的怀抱。参考词汇：明珠pearl，鸦片opiumLesson3ChinesePeople中国人民Chinaisaunifiednationconsistingofmanydifferentethnicgroups.Fifty-sixdifferentethnicgroupsmakeupthegreatChinesenationalfamily.BecausetheHanpeopleaccountsformorethanninetypercentofChina'spopulation,theremainingfifty-fivegroupsaregenerallyreferredtoas"ethnicminorities."NexttothemajorityHan,theMongolian,Hui,Tibetan,andUygurpeoplescomprisethelargestethnicgroups.AlthoughChina'sethnicminoritiesdonotaccountforalargeportionofthepopulation,theyaredistributedoveravastarea,livingineverycornerofChina.ParticularlysincetheachievementofChina'sopeningandreformpolicy,thecentralgovernmenthasincreasedinvestmentinminorityareasandacceleratedtheiropeningtotheoutsideworld.Thishasresultedinariseofeconomicdevelopmentintheseareas.EachofChina'sethnicminoritygroupspossessesadistinctiveculture.TheChinesegovernmentrespectsminoritycustoms,andworkstopreserve,study,andcollecttheculturalartifactsofChina'sethnicminoritygroups.Thegovernmentvigorouslysupportsthedevelopmentofminoritycultureandthetrainingofminorityculturalworkers,andfostersthedevelopmentoftraditionalminoritymedicine.TherelationamongChina'sethnicgroupscanbedescribedas"overallintegration,localconcentration,andmutualinteraction."ConcentrationsofethnicminoritiesresidewithinpredominantlyHanareas,andtheHanpeoplealsoresideinminorityareas,indicatingthattherehavebeenextensiveexchangesamongChina'sethnicgroupssinceancienttimes.Withthedevelopmentofthemarketeconomy,interactionamongethnicgroupshasbecomeevenmoreactiveintheareasofgovernment,economics,culture,dailylife,andmarriage.Linkedbyinterdependence,mutualassistance,andjointdevelopment,theircommongoalsandinterestscreatingadeepsenseofsolidarity,China'sethnicgroupsresembleagreatnationalfamily,togetherbuildingChinesecivilization.(290words)◆Helper:ethnic[ˈeθnɪk]种族的accountfor（在数量、比例上）占Uygur['wi:guə]维吾尔comprise[kəmˈpraiz]由…组成distribute[disˈtribju:t]分配，散布investment[inˈvestmənt]投资accelerate[ækˈseləreit]（使）加快distinctive[dɪˈstiŋktiv]有特色的artifact['ɑ:təˌfækt]人工制品，史前古器物vigorously['vɪɡərəsli]精神旺盛地，蓬蓬勃勃foster[ˈfɒstə(r)]培养，促进predominantly[prɪˈdɒmɪnəntli]占主导地位地solidarity[ˌsɔliˈdæriti]团结resemble[riˈzembl]与…相像，类似于◆ChineseBriefIntroduction:中国自古以来就是一个统一的多民族国家。新中国成立后，通过识别并经中央政府确认的民族共有56个。由于汉族以外的55个民族相对汉族人口较少，习惯上被称为“少数民族”。中国各民族分布的特点是：大杂居、小聚居、相互交错居住。汉族地区有少数民族聚居，少数民族地区有汉族居住。这种分布格局是长期历史发展过程中各民族间相互交往、流动而形成的。中华人民共和国成立后，党和政府制定了民族平等政策、民族团结政策、民族区域自治政策和各民族共同发展繁荣的政策。建国几十年来，我国各民族结成了平等、团结、互助的社会主义民族关系，曾经长期被压迫、遭歧视的少数民族真正变成了国家的主人。中国实施改革开放政策,中央政府已增加投资,加快少数民族地区发展。◆Exercise:I.Questions:1.HowmanypeoplesarethereinthePeople’sRepublicofChina?2.CanyoulistsomeminoritiesofChina?3.CanyoutalkabouttypicalcharacterofsomeminoritiesofChina?II.Writtenwork：1.假如你叫李华，你和笔友Jane互寄了全家的合影。Jane看了合影后来信问为什么你没有兄弟姐妹。请用英语写封100字左右的回信说明情况。内容包括以下几点：原因（1）中国人口增长过快；（2）二十世纪八十年代开始实行计划生育；（3）大部分中国家庭是独生子女。看法（1）能受到好的教育；父母关爱更多；（2）孤独、自私，生活能力差；建议多交朋友。现状已经全面放开二孩注意：（1）适当增加细节使行文连贯；（2）字数100左右；（3）开头已给出，不计人总字数；（4）参考词汇；计划生育familyprogram独生子女theonlychild2.(2016北京卷第一节)

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：

（1）该人物是谁；

（2）

该人物的主要贡献；

（3）该人物对你的影响。

注意：

（1）词数不少于50；（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Asweallknow,Hangzhou,abeautifulcity,wonthebid（1）September16th2015.Thus,itwillbethethirdChinesecity

（2）(host)thegames.Hangzhouisabeautifulcitywithalonghistory.HostingtheAsianGameswillgiveitanewlook.（3）

theeventwillcostthegovernmentalot,thebenefitsareeasyforustosee.TothecitizensinHangzhou,thebestpartofitis

that

itwillgiveusthechancetowatchworld-classmatchesand（4）(compete)closetohome.Secondly,thereisnodoubt（5）theeventwillattractmorevisitorstoenjoy

（6）

(visit)thiswonderfulcity.Atthesametime,itisgoodforthedevelopmentofthetourism.Meanwhile,astheconstructiongoeson,moreroads

（7）

(build)andtheMetrosystemwillbeexpanded,

（8）

canreducetrafficjams.Inthenextfewyears,Hangzhouwilltryitsbesttoprepare

（9）

forthebigshow.

（10）

splendidHangzhouiswaitingtoseeyouin2022.SuggestedAnswers2.ChineseGovernmentII.Writtenwork:HongKongliesinthesoutheastofChina.Shehasanareaof1,045k㎡andhasapopulationofmorethan6millionandiswell-knownas“thePearloftheEast”.In1842,thethenChinesegovernmentwasforcedtogiveupHongKongtoBritainaftertheOpiumWar,andthepeopleinHongKongsufferedalot.AfterthereturnofHongKongtoChinain1997,thepeopleofHongKongareunitedmorewiththeChinesepeopleinmainlandChina,andtheywillworkhardtomakehermorebeautiful.3.ChinesePeopleII.Writtenwork:1.DearJane,Thankyouforyourletterandthephotoofyourfamily.NowIamwritingtotellyouwhyIamtheonlychildinmyfamily.Asyouknow,thepopulationofChinaisgrowingveryfast.Inordertocontroltherapidincreaseofpopulation,inthe1980sthegovernmentofChinabegantoputintopracticethefamilyprogramme----onechildforeachcouple.Asaresult,mostfamilieshaveonlyonechild.Thechildinthefamilycangetmorelovefromthefamilyandchancestogetbettereducation.Ontheotherhand,the