高考复习语篇视角下的阅读理解课件

高考复习——阅读理解语篇视角下的高考阅读理解回顾高考目录主题语境语

篇语篇分析语篇模式回顾高考真题回顾高考真题主题语境1.主题为语言学习提供主题范圈或主题语境。2.内容：（主题&主题群）人与自我：“生活与学习”“做人与做事”（2）

人与社会：“社会服务与人际沟通”；“文学、艺术与体育”；“历史、社会与文化”；“科学与技术”（4）

人与自然：“自然生态”；“环境保护”；“灾害防范”；“字宙探索”（4）。1.个人、家庭、社区及学校生活；2.健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度；3.认识自我，丰言自我，完善自我；4.乐于学习，善于学习，终身学习；5.语言学习的规律、方法等；6.优秀品行，正确的人生态度，公民义务与社会责任；7.生命的意义与价值；8.未来职业发展趋势。个人职业倾向、未来规划等；9.创断与创业意识。主题语境内容要求1.良好的人际关系与社会交往；2.公益事业与志愿服务；3.跨文化沟通、包容与合作；4.小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学筒史、经典演讲、文学名著等；5.绘画、建筑等领域的代表性作品和人物；6.影视、音乐等领域的概况及其发展；7.体育活动、大型体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神；8.不同民族文化习俗与传统节日；9.对社会有突出贡献的人物；10.重要国际组织与社会公益机构；11.法律常识与法治意识等；12.物质与非物质文化造产：13.社会热点问题；14.重大政治、历史事件，文化渊源；15.社会进步与人类文明；16.科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神。1.主要国家地理概况；2.自然环境、自然遗产保护；3.人与环境、人与动植物；4.自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护；5.人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系；6.自然科学研究成果；7.地球与宇宙奥秘探索。1.概念语篇(discourse)是表达意义的语言单位，包括口头语篇和书面语篇，是人们运用语言的常见形式,也称篇章或话语。就其长度而言，较短的语篇可以是一句话甚至一个单词，而较长的语篇可以是一本书甚至几本书。在使用语言的过程中，语言使用者不仅需要运用词汇和语法知识，而且需要将语言组织为意义连贯的语篇。即：形式上是衔接的(cohension)，语义上是连贯的(coherence)。语

篇2.语篇知识语篇知识就是关于语篇是如何构成、语篇是如何表达意义以及人们在交流过程中如何使用语篇中各要素之间存在复杂的关系，如句与句、段与段、标题与正文、文字与图表之间的关系。这些关系涉及语篇的微观和宏观组织结构。语

篇3.宏观组织结构

是指：语篇类型、语篇模式、语篇中段与段的关系、语篇各部分与语篇主题之间的关系。4.微观组织结构

是指：句子内部的语法结构、词语搭配、衔接与连贯、指代关系、句子的信息展开方式等。语篇分析

是指：从语篇整体出发，利用文本结构、语句衔接、语言环境对文本信息进行提取、加工和处理，从而最大化获得语篇主题意义。

或者，以文本为单位，突破以词汇、句子、语法为重点的碎片化学习，从宏观的主题出发，研究体裁、结构，再到微观的衔接和连贯。（语言是思维的体现，语篇是语言表达中心的载体，，语篇分析能力体现阅读者的水平。尝试探索“确定主题、把握体裁、知晓结构、关注衔接”的阅读思路。）语篇分析指：记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文、夹叙夹议等不同类型的文体，以及口头、书面等多模态形式的语篇，如文字、图示、歌曲、音频、视频等。不同体裁有不同的交际目的和功能，有不同的行文结构、衔接类型和语言特征（即：不同语篇的特定结构、文体特征和表达方式）。语篇类型普通高中英语课程语篇型内容要求

普通高中英语课程语篇型内容要求

普通高中英语课程语篇型内容要求

记叙文记叙文人物故事日记游记新闻报导名人传记文学名著小说…童话剧本第一人称(I)：

主要讲述个人生活经历，或再现经历、传递信息（如：两条线事件、情感），进而达到讲述故事，分享经验，纪念人物，阐述哲理等目的；第三人称：主要具体事件或人物生平。

记叙文语篇模式是指篇章的组织形式，属于语篇的宏观层面。常见的语篇模式有：

1.记叙文的叙述模式

2.问题——解决模式(说明文、议论文)

3.一般——特殊模式

4.匹配——比较模式

语篇模式一、5W+H模式

六要素(whowhenwherewhatwhyhow)二、“故事山”模式三、拉波夫叙述结构模式（个人经验口述语篇的六种结构单位）1.点题(abstract)：“是什么故事？”可有可无2.指向(orientation)背景介绍3.进展(complicatingaction)“然后发生了什么”按照时间顺序

4.评议(evaluation)“看法、态度”

5.结果或结局(resultorresolution)故事结束，“最后发生了什么”6.回应(coda)具有可选择性，消除听者“然后又发生什么了”的期待记叙文模式一、5W+H模式

六要素1.(whowhenwherewhatwhyhow)记叙文模式记叙文模式2“结构化”梳理：故事山架构记叙文模式2.“结构化”梳理：故事山架构“故事山(StoryMountain)”是英语国家中小学阶段广泛应用的视觉辅助工具，主要帮助学生迅速理清故事结构，有助于锻炼学生的写作能力。“故事山”方法的训练对于我们理清记叙文类的文章脉络，确定把我整体情节内容,十分有帮助。记叙文模式3.拉波夫叙述结构模式要素内容点题（abstract）点出故事大意

，用精练的语言概括故事的梗概

，

引出下文并引

起读者的阅读兴趣

，

既可以是文章的标题也可以是文章首段的某句话。指向（orientation）叙述故事发生的背景

，也包括故事出现的时间

、地点和人物

，

只是为事件的发生做铺垫。进展（complicating）是故事的主体部分

，将事件按照一定的顺序呈现

，也可以是时

间和空间的转换。评议（evaluation）可以渗透在文章的各个角落

，

是叙事者或故事中的人物对事件的观点

、态度和心理活动。结局（resolution）故事的结束

，叙述者回答最后到底发生了什么。回应（coda）故事与现实的连接与融合

，

是读者从故事中受到的启迪或产生新的意义

，其作用是前后呼应

、

凸显主旨

、升华主题。记叙文叙述类人物类引出人物人物生平等人物影响点题开端、发展、高潮、结局等主题升华记叙文模式2023全国卷新高考1卷B篇1.WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.

2.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.3.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.4.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.5.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.6.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”2023年新高考1卷

阅读理解B篇StructureMaindieasTypicalwordsIntroduction

JohnTodd’schildhoodwhenachild,lovetoexplore，observe…，getolder,starttowonder…Developement

JohnToddstartedtomakeaneco-machineaftergraduatingfromuniversity.afterstudyingagriculture,incollege,gobacktoobserve,decideto，setfor,first,then,afterafewweeks,beamzaseat,withinweeks…AchievementsJohnToddcontiuedtoworkforecologicaldesign.overtheyears,develope,designe,what’shappening,then…2022全国卷新高考2卷B篇1.Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon’tevenrealizeit’snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.2.ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren’sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.3.Picturethis:mygrandsonsittingonmylapasIholdthebookinfrontsohecanseethepictures.AsIread,hereachesoutandpokes(戳)thepagewithhisfinger.4.What’supwiththat?Hejustlikesthepictures,Ithought.ThenIturnedthepageandcontinued.Hepokedthepageevenharder.Inearlydroppedthebook.Iwasconfused:Istheresomethingwrongwiththiskid?5.ThenIrealizedwhatwashappening.Hewasactuallyastrangertobooks.Hisfatherfrequentlyamusedtheboywithatabletcomputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpicturesthatcomealivewhenyoupokethem.Hethoughtmystorybookwaslikethat.6.ThenIrealizedwhatwashappening.Hewasactuallyastrangertobooks.Hisfatherfrequentlyamusedtheboywithatabletcomputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpicturesthatcomealivewhenyoupokethem.Hethoughtmystorybookwaslikethat.7.Sorry,kid.Thisbookisnotpartofyourhigh-techworld.It’sanoutdated,lifelessthing.Anantique,likeyourgrandfather.Well,Imaybeold,butI’mnothopelesslychallenged,digitallyspeaking.Ieditvideoandproduceaudio.Iusemobilepayment.I’veevenbuiltwebsites.8.Anyway,grandpaisnowaninternetstar—twominutesoffame!Ipromisenottoletitgotomyhead.ButIwillmakesuremy2-year-oldgrandsonseesitonhistablet.24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?A.Providedshelterforme.B.Becameverycleartome.C.Tookthepressureoffme.D.Workedquitewellonme.25.Whydidthekidpokethestorybook?A.Hetookitforatabletcomputer.B.Hedislikedthecolorfulpictures.C.Hewasangrywithhisgrandpa.D.Hewantedtoreaditbyhimself.26.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhimself?A.Sociallyambitious.B.Physicallyattractive.C.Financiallyindependent.D.Digitallycompetent.27.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorasajournalist?A.Helacksexperienceinhisjob.B.Heseldomappearsontelevision.C.Hemanagesavideodepartment.D.Heofteninterviewsinternetstars.说明文说明文内容摘要广告说明书实验报告操作指南使用手册机构介绍…解说词运用举例、对比、分类、引用、演绎、归纳等方法；按照时间、空间或事物发展的逻辑顺序进行介绍和说明；对事物的形态、特征、构造、性能、种类、成因、功能等有所了解，或对事理的特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识，从而获得相关的知识。

说明文（1）事物说明文的说明对象可以是实体事物，也可以是抽象事物；这种说明文旨在说明事物“是什么”、“怎么样”。（2）事理说明文的说明对象是事物的内部规律性，这种说明文旨在说明事物“为什么”是这样的。

说明文背景（background）定义（definition）研究（study）原理或原因（principle/reason）优缺点（advantagesanddisadvantages）未来前景（prospect）

说明文1.开头：

文章的开头部分：一般介绍主题，引入话题；2.中间：

中间部分:主体，会从不同角度用分类、比较、举例、解释、定义、列数据、引用等方法对象进行说明；3.结尾：

一般是结论，或者解决方法等。说明文语篇结构（说明文）现象——解释模式按照“提出现象——分析现象——影响或解决”的结构组织语篇，层次分明。例如：社会现象类：提出现象——介绍现象、说明利弊——结论

自然现象类：提出现象——对产生现象的原因进行解释说明——影响及解决措施现象——解释模式现象类自然现象类社会现象提出现象解释、说明利弊等结论提出现象说明原因或解析影响及措施说明文模式

2023年新高考2卷D篇1.Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.2.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.3.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowaves.”

4.Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.

5.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.6.“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.2023年新高考2卷

阅读理解D篇StructureMaindieasTypicalwordsBeginning

Finding(phenomenon)As,it’sunusualtofindplaces,pastresearchhadfound,butanewstudyshowsthat,Body

study(subject,method,process)study(result)analyse…Theresearcherteam,survey,park-goers,submit,examine,forexample…EndingExtension（signifiance）helppeoplerecognize,bring,saidPeter2023年新高考2卷

阅读理解D篇MaindieasTypicalwordsFinding(phenomenon)As,it’sunusualtofindplaces,pastresearchhadfound,butanewstudyshowsthat,Analysis(advantages&disadvantages)

Theresearcherteamhadfounf,survey,park-goers,submit,examine,forexample,oneparticipant’sexperiences,assign,begintoemerge,category,include…Extension（signifiance）helppeoplerecognize,bring,saidPeter

1.Grizzlybears,whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg,occupyaconflictedcorneroftheAmericanpsyche—werevere(敬畏)themevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.AskthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthatfloodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee,andtheiranswerisoftenthesame:agrizzlybear.2.“Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange,”saysbearbiologistChrisServheen.Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaven’tbeenseeninacenturyormore,they’reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.3.ThewesternhalfoftheU.S.wasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame,witharoughnumberof50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.Bytheearly1970s,aftercenturiesofcruelandcontinuoushuntingbysettlers,600to800grizzliesremainedonamere2percentoftheirformerrangeintheNorthernRockies.In1975,grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.

4.Today,thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheU.S.TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtode-listgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswereoverturnedduetolawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow,grizzliesremainlisted.

5.Obviously,ifprecautions(预防)aren’ttaken,grizzliescanbecometroublesome,sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites,grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits,”saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.

(2023年全国甲卷

阅读D篇)

32.HowdoAmericanslookatgrizzlies?A.Theycausemixedfeelingsinpeople.B.Theyshouldbekeptinnationalparks.C.Theyareofhighscientificvalue.D.TheyareasymbolofAmericanculture.

33.Whathashelpedtheincreaseofthegrizzlypopulation?A.TheEuropeansettlers’behavior.B.Theexpansionofbears’range.C.Theprotectionbylawsince1975.D.ThesupportofNativeAmericans.

34.WhathasstoppedtheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicefromde-listinggrizzlies?A.Theoppositionofconservationgroups.B.Thesuccessfulcomebackofgrizzlies.C.Thevoiceofthebiologists.D.Thelocalfarmers’advocates.

35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.B.Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.C.Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.D.Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.说明文问题解决类观点展示提出观点说明过程结论提出问题分析问题解决方案/评价说明文模式

2023新高考1卷D篇——观点展示类1.OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.2.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.

3.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.

4.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether”.Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.2023年新高考1卷

阅读理解D篇StructureMaindieasTypicalwordsBeginningpresenting(views)apaper,illustrate,show…Body

explaining(…)capitalizeonthefact,somepeople,resulte……Endingconclusion（limitaion）afollow-upstudy,arguments,resulterin……2023年新高考1卷

阅读理解D篇MaindieasTypicalwordspresenting(views)explaination(cause&result)

Conclusion（limitation）2022年新高考I卷D（说明文）——科学新发现

1.

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.

2.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

3.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

4.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.

5.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.6.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.

32．WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A．Itsvariety. B．Itsdistribution. C．Itsquantity. D．Itsevelopment.

33．Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A．Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B．Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C．Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D．Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B．Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C．Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D．Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35．WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A．Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication. B．Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C．Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem. D．Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.2022年新高考1卷

阅读理解D篇StructureMaindieasTypicalwordsBeginningpresenting(newfindingp.1-2)Bodyexplaining(evidence1:p.3-4evidence2:p.5)Endingconclusion（说明文、议论文）问题——解决模式结构模式：“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题/给出评价”。问题——解决模式

2023年全国乙卷

阅读理解C篇1.WhatcomesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfood?Probablyfishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting?EventhoughBritainhasareputationforless-than-impressivecuisine,itisproducingmoretopclasschefswhoappearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreensandwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerlists.2.It’sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeat-and-two-vegandready-mademealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.ItisrecentlyreportedthatthenumberofthosestickingtoatraditionaldietisslowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain’sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprovetheircookinginsomeway.TherehasbeenariseinthenumberofstudentsapplyingforfoodcoursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelpedchangewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking.3.Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK’sobsession(痴迷)withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it’snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.28．WhatdopeopleusuallythinkofBritishfood?A．Itissimpleandplain.

B．Itisrichinnutrition.C．Itlacksauthentictastes.

D．Itdeservesahighreputation.29．WhichbestdescribescookeryprogrammeonBritishTV?A.Authoritative.B．Creative. C．Profitable.D．Influential.30．Whichisthepercentageofthepeopleusingmorediverseingredientsnow?A．20%. B．24%. C．25%. D．33%.31．Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A．Theartofcookinginothercountries. B．MalechefsonTVprogrammes.C．TablemannersintheUK. D．Studiesofbigeaters.

2021年全国乙卷阅读理解B篇1.Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline(座机)?2.Thesedaysyou’dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.3.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey(调查).OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.4.MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor(因素)—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho’veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn’ttheonlyfactor;I’dsayit’salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.5.GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone(usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit).6.Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?（）24．Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?A．Theirtargetusers. B．Theirwidepopularity.C．Theirmajorfunctions. D．Theircomplexdesign.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?A．Admit. B．Argue.C．Remember. D．Remark.26．WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?A．Theylikesmartphonegames. B．Theyenjoyguessingcallers’identity.C．Theykeepusinglandlinephones. D．Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.27．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?A．Itremainsafamilynecessity.B．Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C．Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D．Itisasimportantasthegaslight.结构：Para.1-2Background:背景Para.3Survey：调查Para.4-5Reason：原因Para.6Prospect：前景（本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。）（说明文、议论文）结论——解释模式结构模式：“提出结论——解释结论——评价”一般结构为：

总——分——总常见于

议论文结论——解决模式议论文书评论说文评论报刊社论专栏文章影评摘要学术论文…议论文类别

1.结构模式：“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”“原因-结果”2.语篇组织结构

总分式结构(总→分；总→分→总；分→总)、

并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、

对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反)、

递进式结构(几个段落之间属于递进关系)。议论文模式

归纳，分析个别事物，寻找共同点，再得出结论；并列，即几个论据之间是平等的关系；递进，即几个论据之间是递进的关系；对照，把两种事物加以对比，分析、说明，得出结论；驳论，即阐述别人的错误观点，逐条批驳，阐明观点。注意篇章结构的论证结构Problem-solving

提出问题分析问题

得出结论Cause-effect

提出论点

解释原因或阐释危害

呼应论点

1.举例论证法(forexample,forinstance)

2.数据论证法(asisreported,Itisreportedthat，)

3.比较对比论证法(Incontrast;oncontraryto;onthecontrary;comparedto…;while;similarly,)4.引用论证法法

(as…oncesaid“”,theirstatementreads“”…,wentonsuggestthat“”)5.比喻论证证法(belike,as..)6.因果推理论证法(as,since,because,therefore,hence,thus,asaconsequene,consequently）论证方法1.整体掌握议论文典型的语篇结构；2.找论点，论据和结论；3.找论据，阅读每段时，注意找到主题句，（主题句往往是重要论据，分布在段首句或段位。4.关注题干关键信息，注意选项和原文的同义词换说。阅读注意

2023年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇

(议论文)1.Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.2.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordof