北师大版初三英语第4讲：unit-2-语法篇(学生版)

Unit2语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________理解并掌握被动语态的结构及用法被动语态1.被动语态的构成：be+p.p.(pastparticiple动词的过去分词)2.不同时态的被动语态的构成一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+p.p.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+p.p.一般将来时的被动语态：willbe+done/begoingto+p.p.现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+being+p.p.过去进行时的被动语态：was/were+being+p.p.现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+p.p.过去完成时的被动语态：had+been+p.p.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词(can,may,must)+be+p.p.eg:Theroomisfilledwithsmoke.Thebridgewasn’tbuiltuntil1914.Everythingwillbedonetoputoutthefire.Theroomisbeingcleanedatthemoment.Hetoldmethattheroadwasbeingrepaired.Allofthefoodhasbeeneatenup.MyhomeworkhadbeendonebeforeIwenthome.3.使役动词、感官动词的被动语态带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：(1)Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.(keepsth.clean)→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(sthbekeptclean)(2)Shetoldusnottostayuplate.(tellsbnottodo…)→Weweretoldnottostayuplate.(sb.betoldnottodo…)注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都补上to。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.记住下列变化：seesbdo… beseentodohearsbdo…. beheardtodolistentosbdo belistenedtodomakesbdo… bemadetodo4.有些动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或使用性能，是不及物动词，不用被动语态。常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。eg:Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。Thenewcomputersellswell.这新产品很畅销。Theprinterprintsquickly.这个打印机打印很快。对比：Thebookssellwell.(主动句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)5.被动语态的解题思路(1)判断主语与谓语动词的主被动关系(2)根据时间状语判断时态(3)根据不同时态被动语态的构成解出正确答案1.---Thefamoustower_______morethan300yearsago.A.build B.builds C.built D.wasbuilt2.Thisclassroom____________forEnglishCorner.A.uses B.isusing C.canbeusedD.shalluse3.---Willteachers__________bycomputersinthefuture,Tony?---Maybeyes,maybeno.ButI’msurewewilllearnsomethingfrombothofthem.A.havereplacedB.arereplacing C.arereplaced D.bereplaced4.Mysister_______tothepartyyesterday.Shehadagoodtimewithherfriends.A.invites B.invited C.wasinvited D.isinvited5.---Foodsafetyisveryimportant.---Sosomerules_________tostoppeoplefrompollutingfood.A.mustmake B.mustbemade C.mustmade D.bemade6.Peoplewhodon’tworkshouldbemade________.A.work B.worked C.towork D.working7.Aparty_______inourschoolnextmonth.I’mlookingforwardtoit.A.held B.holds C.isheld D.willbeheld8.Sofar,themoon_______bymanalready.A.isvisited B.willbevisited C.hasbeenvisited D.wasvisited9.Theflowers____________often.A.mustbewater B.mustbewateredC.mustwatered D.mustwater10.Mary___________showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedto B.asksto C.isasked D.wasaskedto基础演练用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。Whichlanguage_______themostwidely________(speak)intheworld?Theoldmanisill.He_____________(mustsend)tothehospital.They__________(make)ofmetalandwood.Canthemagazine__________(take)outofthelibrary?Someflowers_____________(water)byLiMingalready.Thiskindofshoes_________(sell)well.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees__________(cut)down.Thestarscan’t__________(see)inthedaytime.Thelostboy_________(notfind)sofar.It’ssaidthat(据说)thatthelongbridge____________(build)intwomonths.巩固提高一、根据中文提示完成句子（每空一词）这种产品的价格取决于它的质量。Thepriceofthiskindofproduct_________________itsquality.2.你怎么看待《汤姆索亚历险记》（这本书）？Whatdoyou_________________TheAdventuresofTomSawyer?读书有助于帮助我们了解人性。Readingcan_________us_________abouthumannature.为了进一步美化校园，下个月会在我们学校种很多树。Nextmonthmanytrees_________________________inourschooltomakeitmorebeautiful.Alice在北京已经两年了，她习惯了这里的生活。AlicehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.She_____________________________________here.二、句型转换1.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)_______________________________________________________2.Youneedn’tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)_______________________________________________________3.Hemademedothatforhim.(改为被动语态)_______________________________________________________4.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?(改为被动语态)_______________________________________________________5.ThelightgreendresseshavebeensoldoutbyTom.(改为主动语态)________________________________________________________一、单项选择1.Tomisabooklover._______likesreadingverymuch.A.She B.He C.You D.They2.Thework__________soon.A.willbefinished B.hasbeenfinishedC.willfinish D.finishes3.Hisfamouswork__________in1990.A.published B.ispublished C.waspublished D.hasbeenpublished4.TheGreatWall___________allovertheworld.A.wasknownB.isknown C.wasknewD.knowsAtalkonChinesehistory_________intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegiven D.gives6.Now,peoplehavemorefreetime.SquareDancingisbecomingmoreandmore________.A.comfortable B.difficult C.different D.popular7.Apersonwhois_________doesnottellliesorcheatpeople.A.careless B.stupid C.honest D.humorous8.---How’shenow?---Ihearthecompany_______himaverygoodjob,butheturneditdown.A.donated B.offered C.served D.introduced9.---Excuseme,doyouknow_________________?---Sure.Thereisabookstoredownthestreet.A.wherecanIgetsomepostcards B.whereIcangetsomepostcards C.whenIcangetsomepostcards D.whencanIgetsomepostcards10.Theoldbridgeinmyhometown_________________nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuilt B.isgoingtorebuildC.aregoingtoberebuilt D.willrebuild二、完形填空BradclosedthedoorslowlyasSuelefthometovisithermother.Expectingawholedaytorelax,hewasthinkingwhethertoreadthenewspaperorwatchhisfavoriteTVtalkshowonhisfirstdayoffinmonths.“Thiswillbelikeawalkinthepark,”he’dtoldhiswife.“I’lllookafter1,andyoucangotovisityourmom.”Thingsstartedwell,butjustaftereighto’clock,histhreelittle“goodkids”—Mike,Randy,andAlex—camedownthestairsintheirnightclothesandshouted“Breakfast,daddy.”When2hadnotappearedwithinthirtyseconds,RandybeganusinghisspoononAlex’sheadasifitwereadrum.Alexstartedtoshoutloudlyintimetothebeat(节拍).Mikechanted“Where’smyhotdog,where’smyhotdog.”inthebackground.Brad3hisnewspaperwouldhavetowaitforafewseconds.Lifebecameworseafterbreakfast.MikeworeRandy’strousersonhishead.Randylockedhimselfinthebathroom,whileAlex4againbecausehewasgoingtowethisshortpants(短裤).Nobodycouldfind5socks,althoughtheywerebeforetheireyes.Someonenamed“NotMe”hadspilled(洒，泼出)awholeglassoforangejuiceintothebasketofcleanclothes.Bradknewthetalkshowhadalready6.Byteno’clock,thingswereoutof7.Alexwaswonderingwhythefishinthejarrefusedhisbreadandbutter.Mikewastryingtoshowoffhis8bydecoratingthekitchenwallwithhiscolourpencils.Randy,thankfully,appearedtobereadingquietlyinthefamilyroom,butcloserexamination9thathewaseatingapplejamstraightfromthebottlewithhishands.Bradrealizedthatthetalkshowwasoverandreadingwouldbeimpossible.Atexactly11:17,Bradcalledthedaycarecentre(日托所).“Isuddenlyhavetogointoworkandmywife’saway.CanIbringtheboysoverinafewminutes?”Theanswerwas10“yes”becauseBradwassmiling.1.A.thekids B.yourwork C.thehouse D.myself2.A.clothes B.food C.dad D.mum3.A.thought B.decided C.planned D.realized4.A.cried B.shouted C.explained D.argued5.A.clean B.dirty C.new D.old6.A.started B.finished C.gone D.appeared7.A.sight B.plan C.imagination D.control8.A.idea B.difference C.talent D.hobby9.A.showed B.predicted C.expressed D.provided10.A.nearly B.probably C.obviously D.finally__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、单项选择1.---Excuseme,sir.______isitfromheretoNo.6MiddleSchool?---It’sabout10minutes’walk.A.Howsoon B.Howfar C.Howmuch D.Howoften2.Theroadsinmyhometownare______thanbefore.A.wide B.wider C.widest D.thewidest3.Sorry,sir.I______followyou.Wouldyoupleasespeakslower?A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t4.ThenextOlympicGames______inBrazilin2016.A.willhold B.willbeheld C.hold D.areheld5.Thereis______withyourchild.Don’tworry.A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing(附：单选1-5,东城区2014—2015学年第一学期期末统一测试)二、阅读理解AReadingisveryimportanttohelpyoulearnEnglish.Tolearnasmuchasyoucanfromreading,youneedtoreaddifferentkindsofEnglish.ThisbookprovidesnotonlydifferentkindsofEnglishbutalsoagoodwaytocheckyourreadingability.Therearefourpartsinthebook:Part1isMessages:Inthispartsomebodywantstowadinformationinwritingtosomebodyelse.Thereisatestontimetablesandatestontextmessages.Part2isPeople:Inthispartallthetestsareaboutpeople.Forexample,thereisaninformalletterbetweenfriends.Thereisformal(正式的)Englishinbiography(传记).Thereisajobapplicationasamodeltohelpwithyourwriting,aswellastestingyourreading.Part3isPlaces:Inthispart,toomanydifferentkindsofEnglishareshown,someinformalandsomeformal.ThereistheinformalEnglishofaholidaypostcard.ThereisalsotheformalEnglishinaletterofcomplaint.Part4isThings:Youwillfindsomedescriptivewritinginthispart.Therearedescriptionsofclothesandofacomputer.Youcandothesetestsinanyorderyoulike,oryoucandoallthetestswithaformalorinformaltext.IenjoyedwritingthisbookandIhopeyouenjoyusingit.1.Wecanfindtheintroductiontoaproductin______.A.Part1

B.Part2

C.Part3

D.Part42.WhichofthefollowingismostprobablywrittenininformalEnglish?

A.Aletterofcomplaint.

B.Acomputerhandbook.

C.Alettertoafriend.

D.Astoryofapresident.3.Thepassageismostprobablywrittenfor_____.A.testdesigners

B.students

C.test-takers

D.teachers4.Whatisthebesttitleofthebook?A.TestYourReading

B.HelpwithYourWriting

C.LearnDifferentKindsofEnglish

D.PractiseEnglishinDifferentWaysBReadingisveryimportant.WorldBookDayfallsonApril23everyyear.Itencouragespeople,especiallyteenagers,todiscoverthepleasureofreading.Itisalsothedaytohonor(尊敬)greatwriters.

Manycountriescelebrate(庆祝)WorldBookDay.Onthatday,millionsofschoolchildrencanbuybooksatamuchlowerpricethanusualinanybookstoreinEngland.Ithasbeendoneeveryyearsince1998.World

BookDayisalsocelebratedinChina.WenJiabao,PremierofChina,isanavidreader.Hedoeslotsofreading

everydaythoughheisverybusy.OnWorldBookDay2009,hecalledon(号召)peopletodomorereading.

Wensuggestedthatyoungpeopleshouldspendmoretimereading.“Bookscannotchangetheworld,but

peoplecanchangetheworldbychangingthemselvesthroughreading,”hesaid.

Readinghelpsusbecomemoreknowledgeableandsmarter.Readinghelpsustofollowthelatestdevelopmentsofscienceandtechnology(技术).Readinggivesusinformationaboutotherculturesandplacesintheworld.ReadingisalsooneofthemostimportantwaystolearnaforeignlanguagelikeEnglish.Weall

knowthatitisdifficulttolearneverythingintheclassroom,forexample,thewaysEnglishpeopleareliving

andworkingtodaycanbelearntbyreading.Books,magazines,newspapersandotherkindsofreadingmaterialscanhelpustoknowmoreabouttheoutsideworld.Therefore,itisnecessaryforustospendtimereadingeveryday.5.WhenisWorldBookDay?A.August8everyyear B.March12everyyearC.April23everyyear D.June6everyyear6.Anavidreaderisapersonwho________.A.lovesreading

B.neverreads

C.doessomereading

D.hatesreading7.WorldBookDaywassetupinordertoencouragepeopleto________..A.learnforeignlanguages

B.domorereading

C.buymorebooks

D.knowmoreaboutscience8.Accordingtothepassage,readingcanhelppeopleinmanywaysEXCEPT________.A.learningEnglishbetter

B.knowingmoreaboutcultures

C.improvingyourhealth

D.knowingmoreabouttheoutsideworld9.What'sthebesttitleforthearticle?A.WorldBookDayinEngland.B.SuggestionsonReading.C.WorldBookDayinChina.D.WorldBookDayandtheAdvantagesofReading.CTimespentinabookshopcanbemostenjoyable,whetheryouareabookloveroronlygotheretobuyabookasapresent.Youmayevenhaveenteredtheshopjusttofindashelter(躲避处)fromasuddenrain.Whateverthereason,youcansoontotallybecomeunaware(未意识到)ofyoursurroundings.Yousoonbecomeinterestedinsomebooksorothers,andusuallyitisonlymuchlaterthatyourealizeyouhavespenttoomuchtimethereandhavetorushofftokeepsomeforgottenappointment.Thischancetoescapetherealities(现实)ofeverydaylifeis,Ithink,themainattractionofabookshop.Therearenotmanyplaceswhereitispossibletodothis.Amusicshopisverymuchlikeabookshop.Youcanwalkaroundsuchaplaceasmuchasyouwish.Ifitisagoodshop,noassistantwillcomeuptoyouwiththegreeting“CanIhelpyou”Youneedn’tbuyanythingyoudon’twant.Inabookshopanassistantshouldremaininthebackgrounduntilyouhavefinishedreading.Then,andonlythen,arehisservicesnecessary.Onceamedicalstudenthadtoreadatextbookwhichwasfartooexpensiveforhimtobuy.Hecouldn’tb