人教版高中英语必修一《Unit 4 Natural Disasters》单元课件全套

Unit4

NaturalDisastersNature,tobecommanded,mustbeobeyed.——FrancisBacon欲驾驭自然,必先顺之。——弗朗西斯·培根单元核心素养：思维品质Inrecentyears，naturaldisastershavebeenfrequently(频繁地)reportedinChina，soitiscommonlybelievedthatmorenaturaldisasters，especiallymoreearthquakes，arestrikingChina.ThenewspaperisfloodedwiththereportsaboutthebigearthquakessuchasthosehappeninginWenchuan，Ya’anandYushu.Somepeoplecan’thelpasking:doearthquakeshappenmorefrequentlythanbefore?Why?Actually，Chinahasalwaysbeenthemostaffectedcountrybyearthquakeintheworld.话题导入Thefirstreasonforthismisunderstanding(误会)isthatmanyChinesearen’tquitefamiliar(熟悉)withgeographysituationsoftheirowncountry.TheexpertssaidthatmostChinesepeopledon’tknowthetruththatChinaisoneofthecountriesmostaffectedbyearthquakeintheworld.Itissaidthatthewesternregion(区域)ofChinaismorelikelytobehitbyearthquakethantheeasternregion.Thereasonwhypeopledonothearthenewsabouttheearthquakeshappeninginwesternregionisthatfewpeoplelivedintheseplacesandnoonedied.Thesecondreasonisthatpeoplebecomemoreawareof(意识到)theenvironmentalproblemsandbegintocareabouttherelationshipwithnature.Besides，theadvancedcommunicationtechnologiesliketheInternet，TVandradiohelpthebadnewsaboutdisastersspreadalloverthecountryandeventheworld.Thesereportsaboutdisasterfloodthenewspaper，TVandthewebsite，thusmakingpeoplebelievetherearemoreearthquakesthaneverbefore.Inaword，thelack(缺乏)ofknowledgeonourcountry’sgeographyandthemisunderstandingmadebythewidespreadnewsleadChinesetothewrongthoughtofmoreearthquakeshappeninginChina.1.Infact，therearemoreearthquakeshappeningatpresentthanbefore.()2.Nowpeoplebegintopaymoreattentiontoprotectingourenvironment.()根据短文内容判断正(T)、误(F)FTPART1读前清障PART2课文理解PeriodOne

ListeningandSpeaking&ReadingandThinking—Pre-readingPART1读前清障匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思[第一组]1.drought

A.救援；营救2.landslide B.旱灾；久旱3.rescue C.裂纹；裂缝4.crack D.损害；破坏5.damage E.滑坡；(山地或悬崖的)崩塌6.destroy A.避难处；庇护7.affect B.疏散；撤出8.shelter C.破坏；毁坏9.ruin D.摧毁；毁灭10.evacuate E.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动[第二组]11.bury A.震惊；休克；使震惊12.trap B.遭受；蒙受13.wisdom C.使落入险境；使陷入圈套14.suffer D.智慧；才智15.shock E.埋葬；安葬[第三组]16.electricity A.呼吸17.breathe B.上下文；语境18.effort C.电；电能19.unify D.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力20.context E.统一；(使)成一体[第四组]PART2课文理解Ⅰ.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.AterribleearthquakeinTangshan.B.BeforetheearthquakeinTangshan.C.DuringtheearthquakeinTangshan.D.DamagesoftheearthquaketoTangshan.Step1

Fast-reading√Ⅱ.Findoutthemainideaofeachparagraph.Para.1

A.Withjoint(联合的)efforts，anewTangshanwasbuilt.Para.2

B.Theearthquakehappenedandcauseddeathsandinjuriesin Tangshan.Para.3

C.Helpcamesoonafterthequakes.Para.4

D.Noonepaidattentionthoughstrangethingshappened.Para.5

E.TheearthquakecausedunbelievabledestructiontoTangshan.Ⅰ.JudgewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrue(T)orFalse(F).1.BeforeJuly28,1976，strangethingshappenedinthecountrysideofnorthwestHebei.()2.WhentheearthquakehappenedinHebei，onethirdofthenationcouldfeelit.()3.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan4,000,000.()4.AnotherbigquakeshookTangshanwhilerescueworkersanddoctorsweresavingthepeopletrapped.()TFStep2

Careful-readingFF5.Animalslikecows，pigsandchickensaswellaspeoplesufferedalotintheearthquake.()6.Tangshanhastakenonanewlookwiththegovernment’ssupportandthelocalpeople’stirelessefforts.()TTⅡ.Choosethebestanswer.1.ManystrangethingshappenedinthecountrysideEXCEPTthat

.A.thewellwallshaddeepcracksinthemB.someanimalsweretoonervoustoeatC.fishjumpedoutofthewaterD.birdsflewhigherthanusual√2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.PeopleinBeijingfelttheearthquake.B.PeopleofTangshancaredmuchaboutthestrangeeventsbeforetheearthquake.C.Iftheearthquakehadhappenedduringthedaytime，itwouldn’thavecausedsomanydeaths.D.Manysoldiershelpedtorescuethepeoplewhoweretrappedundertheruins.√3.Whatdoesthelastsentence“Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheagain.”inthelastbuttwoparagraphmean?A.Peoplewhoweretrappedcametolife.B.Thetreesturnedgreen.C.Theanimalsbegantobreathe.D.Thecityreturnedtonormalgradually.√4.Accordingtothelastparagraph，inwhichaspects(方面)hasTangshanimproveditself?A.Industry. B.Environment.C.Transportation. D.Alloftheabove.√Afterreadingthepassage，pleasefillinthefollowingblanks.SeveraldaysbeforeJuly28,1976，manystrangethingshappenedinTangshan.Theyweresignsforanearthquake.Butpeople1.livedtheredidn’tthinkmuchofthat.At3∶42amthatday，theearthbegan2.(shake)，3.destroyedalmostallthecityinfifteenterribleseconds.Peoplewere4.____shock.Laterthatafternoon,5.bigearthquakeshookthecityagain.Even6.(many)buildingsfelldown.Verysoonthearmysentalotofsoldierstohelp，andteamswereorganizedtodigoutthe7.(trap)andtoburythedead.Step3

Post-readingwho/thatto

shakewhichinanothermoretrappedManypeople,8.(include)nursesanddoctors，cametorescuethosewhoweretrappedundertheruins.Slowly，things9.(improve)andthecitybegantobreatheagain.Withthegovernment’ssupportandthelocalpeople’stireless10.(effort)，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Itprovesthatintimesofdisaster，peoplemustunify.includingimprovedefforts1.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.[句式分析]此句为限制性定语从句。主句为Thereweredeepcracks。thatappearedinthewellwalls为定语从句，修饰deepcracks。[自主翻译]

_________________________井壁上出现了很多深裂缝。Step4

Sentence-learning2.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend![句式分析]本句为一个虚拟句。asif相当于asthough，意为“似乎，好像”，用在seem，look等系动词之后引导表语从句。在虚拟的表语从句中，虽然主语theworld为单数，但系动词还是用were。[自主翻译]

_______________________仿佛世界末日即将来临！3.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.[句式分析]本句为主从复合句。此句的主干为Thenumberofpeoplewasmorethan400,000。whowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequake为限制性定语从句，修饰people。[自主翻译]

____________________________________________在这次地震中死亡或严重受伤的人数达到40多万。4.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.[句式分析]此句为复合句。Soonafterthequakes是时间状语，句子的主干为thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshan。两个不定式todigoutthosewhoweretrapped和toburythedead为并列结构，在句中作目的状语；whoweretrapped为定语从句，修饰第一个不定式中的宾语those。[自主翻译]

_____________________________________________________________________________________地震刚刚过去，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。Unit4

NaturalDisastersPeriodTwo

ListeningandSpeaking&ReadingandThinking—LanguagePointsPART1基础自测PART2重点词汇PART3经典句式PART4达标检测PART1基础自测默写练习(一)Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)1.droughtn. ___________2.tsunamin. _____3.magnituden. ______________4.evacuatev. _________________5.helicoptern. _______6.sheltern. ___________________v. _________________7.crackn. ___________v. ________旱灾；久旱海啸(地)震级；重大疏散；撤出；撤离直升机避难处；居所；庇护保护；躲避；掩蔽裂纹；裂缝(使)破裂8.ruinn.&vt. ___________9.percentn. ___________adj.&adv. _________10.brickn. _________11.metaln. _____12.electricityn. _________13.trapvt. _______________________n. ___________14.unifyv. _________________15.contextn. ___________________破坏；毁坏百分之……每一百中砖；砖块金属电；电能使落入险境；使陷入圈套险境；陷阱统一；(使)成一体上下文；语境；背景Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)16.n. 灾难；灾害17.vi.&vt. (使)滑行；滑动18.n. 洪水；大量

vi. 淹没；大量涌入

vt. 使灌满水；淹没19.n.&vt. 营救；救援20.vt. 损害；破坏

n. 损坏；损失21.vt. 摧毁；毁灭disasterslidefloodrescuedamagedestroy22.n. 死；死亡23.vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动24.vt. (使)震惊

n. 震惊；休克；令人震惊的事25.vt. 埋葬；安葬26.vi.&vt. 呼吸→n. 呼吸27.vt.&vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→n. 振兴；复苏28.n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力deathaffectshockburybreathebreathreviverevivaleffort29.n. 智慧；才智→adj. 聪明的；明智的30.vt. 遭受；蒙受

vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→n. 苦难wisdomwisesuffersufferingⅢ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)31. 像往常一样32. 仿佛；好像33. 终结；走向末日34. 严重受损；破败不堪35. 把……吹走36.cutacross _________________37.insteadof _____________38.inshock ___________39.falldown ___________40.getuponone’sfeet _________________as

usualas

ifcome

to

an

endin

ruinsblow...away把……从中间折断而不是；代替震惊；吃惊掉落；倒塌站起来；恢复过来Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分)41.Thereweredeepcracks.井壁上出现了很多深裂缝。42.Chickensandevenpigs，anddogs______________.鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进楼里去。43.Itseemedasiftheworld!仿佛世界末日即将来临！that

appeared

in

the

well

wallswere

too

nervous

to

eatrefused

to

go

inside

buildingswere

coming

to

an

end44.Thenumberofpeopleinthequakewasmorethan400,000.在这次地震中死亡或严重受伤的人数达到40多万。45.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthose.地震刚刚过去，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。who

were

killed

or

badly

injuredwho

were

trapped

and

to

bury

the

deadPART2重点词汇rescuevt.&n.援救；营救1Whataretherescueworkersandsoldiersdoingintheflood­-hitarea？那些救援人员和战士们正在洪涝灾区做什么？※rescuesb.

/sth.

from...把某人/某物从……中营救出来※come/gotoone’srescue＝rescuesb.

援救某人(1)IgotarescuecallfromawomaninLondon.我接到了来自伦敦的一位女士的求救电话。(2)Thefirementheburninghouse.消防队员从失火的房子里救出一个婴儿。(3)Allthepeoplenearbywhenhearinghercryforhelp.听到她的呼救声时，周围所有的人都来营救她。rescued

a

baby

fromcame/went

to

her

rescuecometoanend结束；终结2Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend！仿佛世界末日即将来临！attheendof在……末端bytheendof到……末为止(用于完成时)intheend最后；终于(1)Myclassmatewaitedformeattheendofthestreet.我的同学在这条街的尽头等我。(2)nextmonth，theywillhavegraduatedfromthisfamousuniversity.到下个月月底为止，他们将已经从这所著名的大学毕业了。(3)

wepersuadedhimtohelpus.最终，我们说服他帮我们的忙。By

the

end

ofIn

the

end3...aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometersawayinBeijing.……一场甚至对150公里外的北京都造成破坏的地震。do/causedamageto...对……造成损害damageone’shealth损害某人的健康damagen.&vt.损失；损害(1)Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant.对第一株植物造成的损害通常更严重一些。(2)Theheavyrainhasthecrops.暴雨已对庄稼造成了严重的损害。(3)Asweallknow，gettingtoomuchfatwill.众所周知，摄入太多脂肪会损害我们的健康。done/caused

great

damage

todamage

our

health4Inlessthanoneminute，alargecitylayinruins.不到一分钟的时间，一座大城市成为废墟。

inruins严重受损；破败不堪※ruinn.废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产

be/lieinruins成为废墟；毁灭

fall/comeintoruin成为废墟；毁灭※ruinone’shope/health毁掉某人的希望/健康

ruinoneself自我毁灭(1)Eversincetheearthquake，thistemplehasbeeninruins.自从地震以来，这座寺庙一直是废墟一片。(2)Alargenumberofchurchesfell/cameintoruinafterthebigflood.洪灾过后，大批的教堂被毁掉了。(3)Thelittlemistakeofgettingthejob.这个小错误毁掉了他得到这份工作的机会。(4)Heavysmokingmay，soyoushouldgiveitupassoonaspossible.吸烟过量可能会毁掉你自己，因此你应该尽快戒烟。ruined

his

chanceruin

yourself5Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.在那儿居住的人当中，三分之二的人死去或受伤。injurevt.损害；伤害※injuredadj.受伤的；受委屈的

theinjured伤员※injuryn.伤；伤口；伤害

doaninjurytosb.

伤害某人(1)Believeitornot，whatyousaidjustnowinjuredhispride.信不信由你，你刚才说的话伤了他的自尊。(2)The(injure)weresenttothenearesthospitalrightawayaftertheaccident.事故后伤员被立即送往最近的医院。(3)What’syourattitudetothefactthathedidan(injure)tohisfriends?你对他伤害朋友这个事实持什么态度？injuredinjuryinshock震惊；吃惊6Peoplewereinshock...人们惊呆了……※shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震惊；令人震惊的事

beashockto...使……震惊※shockedadj.感到震惊的

beshockedby/at...对……感到震惊

beshockedtodosth.

因做某事而感到震惊

beshockedthat...对……感到震惊※shockingadj.令人震惊的(1)Hissituationwasagreatshocktousall.他的处境使我们大为震惊。(2)Iwasshocked(hear)thenewsthathehadbeenfired.听到他被解雇的消息，我很震惊。(3)Theendingofthisplayisvery(shock).这出戏的结局真令人震惊。[一句多译](4)这个消息让会上的人们很是震惊。①Thenewsmade.②Thepeopleatthemeeting.to

hearshockingthe

people

at

the

meeting

very

shockedwere

shocked

at/by

the

newstrapvt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境7Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.地震刚刚过去，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。※betrappedin被困在……中，陷在……中

trapsb.

into(doing)sth.

诱骗某人(做)某事※setatrapfor给……设圈套

fall/walkintoatrap落入圈套(1)Whentheaccidenthappened，theyweretrappedinthelift.当事故发生时，他们正被困在电梯中。(2)Ifyouwalkintotheforest，you’relikelytofall/walkintoatrap.如果你走入森林，你很可能陷入圈套。(3)Themanthebuilding.这个男人骗这个小男孩进入了这座楼。[高级表达](4)Whentheyoungmanwastrappedinthebuilding，hefeltveryhelpless.(改为非谓语动词作状语)→，theyoungmanfeltveryhelpless.trapped

the

little

boy

into

enteringTrapped

in

the

buildingburyvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏buryone’sface/headinone’shands用手捂住脸/头buryoneselfinbeburiedin埋头于/专心于……(5)Shedecidedtoburythesecretdeepwithinherself.她决定把这个秘密深藏心底。(6)Sincehiswifeleft，hehasburiedhimselfinhiswork.自从妻子离开之后，他一直都埋头于工作。(7)Thegirlwassittingthere，(bury)herfaceinherhands.这个女孩坐在那里，双手捂着脸。burying[一句多译](8)由于埋头于功课，他对外面的事情一无所知。①，heknewnothingabouttheoutsideworld.(as引导原因状语从句)②，heknewnothingabouttheoutsideworld.(过去分词短语作状语)As

he

was

buried

in

his

lessonsBuried

in

his

lessonssheltern.掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处(常与介词from搭配)v.保护；掩蔽；躲避；遮蔽8Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者们盖起了避难所。※takeshelterfrom躲避……undertheshelterof在……的庇护下※shelter...from...保护……免受……(1)Thechildrentookshelterfromtherainatabusstopthatday.那天孩子们在一个公共汽车站里避雨。(2)Hisbrotherishim，whoisagovernmentofficial.他的弟弟受到了他这个政府官员的庇护。(3)Treescanthecoldwind.大树可以保护田地不受冷风侵袭。under

the

shelter

ofshelter

the

field

from

effortn.努力；尽力；艰难的尝试9Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity’speople，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.在政府的全力帮助和城市居民的不懈努力下，一个崭新的唐山在地震遗留的废墟上崛起。beyondeffort力所不及inacommoneffort共同努力makean/everyeffort尽力sparenoeffort不遗余力withouteffort毫不费力(1)Findingacurerequiresagreatdealoftimeandeffort.找到一种治疗方法需要大量的时间和精力。(2)Thelocalclubsaretointerestmoreyoungpeople.当地俱乐部正在尽一切努力来吸引更多的年轻人。(3)Thegovernmentisdeterminedtoininvestigatingthiscasethoroughly.政府决定不遗余力地彻底调查这个案子。making

an/every

effortspare

no

effort[温馨提醒]表示“作出努力”，通常用makeaneffort这样的形式，该结构中的不定冠词(an)也可根据情况换成another,every,onemore,no等限定词，但不能没有限定词。effort后接动词，通常用不定式，有时也用“at＋动名词”。如：Hemadeeveryefforttoget/atgettingit.他竭尽全力想得到它。(4)Everyeffort(make),butthedoctorstillwasn’tabletosavetheboy’slife.作出了各种努力，医生还是没能挽救那个男孩的生命。had

been

madePART3经典句式Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend！仿佛世界末日即将来临！※如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的，从句要用陈述语气。※当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极不可能发生或存在的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。①如果表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时。②如果表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去完成时，即“had＋过去分词”。③如果表示与将来事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might

＋动词原形”。asif＝asthough“仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句和方式状语从句。(1)Lookatthecloudsinthesky!Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看看天上的云彩！看起来要下雨。(2)HetreatsmeasifI(be)hisowndaughter.他待我就像他的亲生女儿一样。(3)Theytalkedasthoughthey(be)friendsforyears.他们谈起话来就像多年的老朋友。werehad

beenPART4达标检测1.Wewererescuedthesinkingshipbyapassingboat.2.Yearsoffightinghasleftthecityin(ruin)；itwouldtakealotofmoneytorebuildit.3.Thebigfirecausedgreatdamagethebuildingbuiltlastyear.4.Whathetolduswasastory，whichmadeusall.(shock)5.Theboywalkedslowlyashehadhurthisleg.6.Hewastryingtosavethegirl(trap)intheburninghouse.7.Cheerup！Theworldisnotcominganend!Ⅰ.单句语法填空fromruinstoshockingshockedif/thoughtrappedto8.(bury)himselfinthenewspaper，hedidn’tnoticewhatwashappening.9.Soheavywastherainthatwehadtotakeshelteritinthesupermarket.10.Iwassoweakthatevenstandingupwaseffort.Buryingfroman11.Asshewasburiedinpainting，shedidn’tnoticeeveningwasapproaching.→，shedidn’tnoticeeveningwasapproaching.12.Bepatient！Thefirefighterswillsooncometorescueus.→Bepatient！Thefirefighterswillsoon.13.Theproblemwassocomplicatedthatwecouldn’tsolveit.→Theproblemwasforus.14.Nomatterwherehegoes，hewillnotforgettheterribleexperience.→hegoes，hewillnotforgettheterribleexperience.Ⅱ.句型转换BuriedinpaintingcometoourrescuetoocomplicatedtosolveEverywhere/Wherever15.Fivepassengersinjuredinthetrafficaccidenthaveallbeentakentothenearesthospital.→Fivepassengersinthetrafficaccidenthaveallbeentakentothenearesthospital.whowereinjuredUnit4

NaturalDisastersPART1语法导学PART2达标检测PeriodThree

DiscoveringUsefulStructures—RestrictiveRelativeClauses(1)PART1语法导学感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题◆语法感知1.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.2.Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecity，oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun，aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometersawayinBeijing.3.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.4.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.5.Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.6.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.7.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.1.以上定语从句由关系词引导，修饰名词或代词，置于被修饰词的。2.关系代词which，that，who在定语从句中可以作，也可以作；关系代词whose在定语从句中作。Who,which,that,whose后面主语宾语或表语定语在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why等。一、关系代词的用法1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledintheaccidentwasover100.在那次事故中丧生的人数超过了100。HeisthemanwhoImetyesterday.他就是我昨天遇见的那个人。◆语法精析2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。注意：(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。Theboy(who/whom/that)wesawyesterdayisJohn’sbrother.昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。Themantowhomyouspokejustnowisarelativeofmine.刚才和你说话的男人是我的一个亲戚。3.which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。Thegoldmedal(which)shewonhasbeengiventoheroldschool.她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。4.that既可以指人，相当于who或whom；也可以指物，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。Thewoman(that/who/whom)Ireadaboutinthenewspaperhasjustwonagoldmedal.我在报纸上读过相关报道的那位女士，她刚刚赢得一枚金牌。Thereport(that/which)MrTurnerhandedinwasaboutthemotorrace.特纳先生递交的报告是关于汽车比赛的。注意：(1)宜用that不宜用which的情况①当先行词是all，little，few，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.一切能做的都已经做完了。②当先行词被all，every，some，any，little，much，theonly，thevery，theright，thelast，just等修饰时。Musicistheonlythingthatinterestsme.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。③当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。④当先行词中既有人又有物时。Shedescribedinhercompositionthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。⑤当主语是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?哪些是你买给我的书？(2)宜用which不宜用that的情况①关系代词前有介词时。ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.我过去住的房子现在已经变成了一家鞋店。②在非限制性定语从句中。Haveyoueverreadthebook，whichwaswrittenbyayounggirl?你读过这本由一个年轻女孩写的书了吗？③先行词本身就是that时。What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么？④关系代词后有插入语时。HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich，Ithink，canhelpimproveyourEnglish.这就是那本我认为能帮你提高英语水平的英语语法书。(3)宜用who不宜用that的情况①当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone。Anyonewhodoesthatmustbemad.谁那样做都一定是疯了。②当先行词是I，you，he，they等人称代词时(常用于谚语中)。Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到长城非好汉。③当先行词为指人的those时。Thosewhohavegoodmannerswillbehighlyrespected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。④在therebe结构中，先行词指人时。Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.有一个年轻人想见你。5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“限定词＋名词＋ofwhich”或“ofwhich＋限定词＋名词”来代替。Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.(＝Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecoverisgreen.)请递给我那本绿皮的书。Thisisthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeverybody.就是这个人的故事让所有人感到吃惊。Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokencanhold40students.那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳40个学生。二、使用定语从句的注意事项1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。Thesuitcasethat/whichliesonthegroundishers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。注意：“oneof＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“theonlyoneof＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。ThisisoneofthebookswhichwerewrittenbyCharlesDickens.这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书的其中一本。HeistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswhohaslearnedFrench.他是我们班男生中唯一一个学过法语的。2.为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。[译]昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。[误]Thefilm(that/which)wesawitlastnightisveryfrightening.[正]Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightisveryfrightening.3.关系代词的省略。(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。(2)作动词宾语的关系代词可以省略。作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略；如果直接位于介词后，则不能省略。Wevisitedthehouse(that/which)LuXunoncelivedin.＝WevisitedthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.我们参观了鲁迅曾住过的房子。(3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。单句语法填空1.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2019·全国Ⅲ)2.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethosearetotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife.(2019·北京)3.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014__________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.(2018·全国Ⅰ)◆高考链接who/thatwhothat/which4.ManywesternerscometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.(2018·浙江)5.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme，oneofpurposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.(2017·江苏)6.Thelittleproblemswemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.(2017·北京)who/thatwhosethatPART2达标检测1.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeoplelosttheirhomesinthedisaster.2.ThosewanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby7∶30pm.3.ThefirstmuseumhevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.4.Thefilmyouarelookingforwardtoseeingwillbeontomorrow.5.Iknowthepersonhousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.6.ItisthetallestbuildingDaminghasseeneversincehecamehere.7.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformepriceaddeduptomorethan1,000yuan.Ⅰ.单句语法填空who/thatwhothatthat/whichwhosethatwhose8.Shesaidshewoulddoanythingcouldhelphermotherrecoverfromthedisease.9.Anyonehashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.10.Theboyandthedogareinthepictureareverylovely.thatwhothat11.Doyouknowtheman?Themanspoketotheheadmasterjustnow.→Doyouknowtheman?12.Thewomanismymother.Youarelookingafterher.→Thewomanismymother.13.Mygrandparentsliveinahouse.Thehouseismorethan100yearsold.→Mygrandparentsliveinahouse.14.LastweekMaryworethedress.Igaveittoher.→LastweekMaryworethedress.Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子who/that

spoke

to

the

headmaster

just

now(that/who/whom)

you

are

looking

afterwhich/that

is

more

than

100

years

old(that/which)

I

gave

to

her15.ThegirlisfromAmerica.Herfatherisateacher.→ThegirlisfromAmerica.16.Theroomismine.Itswindowsfacenorth.→Th