高考英语总复习每日拔高练 第4练

高考英语总复习每日拔高练第4练1.PeoplewhoarguethatWilliamShakespeareisn'tresponsiblefortheplaysattributedtohisnameareknownasanti-Stratfordians(fromthenameofShakespeare'sbirthplace,Stratford-upon-Avon).TheythinkthatShakespearesimplywasnoteducatedenoughorfromahighenoughsocialclasstohavewrittenplayswithsuchawiderangeofsubjectslikehistoryandinternationalculture.Shakespearewasthesonofaglove-maker.Heonlyhadabasicgradeschooleducation,andheneversetfootoutsideofEngland—sohowcouldhehavewritteninsuchdetailabouthistoricalfiguresandevents,oraboutdifferentculturesandlocationsaroundEurope?Butinfact,mostanti-Stratfordianargumentscanberefuted(反驳)withalittlebackgroundaboutShakespeare'stimeandupbringing.Firstofall,thosewhodoubtShakespeare'sauthorshipoftenpointtohiscommonbirthandbriefeducationasblockstohiswriterlytalents.Althoughit'struethatShakespearedidnotcomefromanobleclass,hisfatherwasaverysuccessfulglove-makerandhismotherwasfromaverywealthyland-owningfamily—sohewouldhavebeeneducatedaccordingly.AlsogradeschooleducationinShakespeare'stimewasactuallyquitestrictandexposedstudentstoclassicdramathroughwriterslikeSenecaandOvid.It'snotunreasonabletobelievethatShakespearereceivedaverysolidfoundationinpoetryandliteraturefromthecoursesatschool.Next,anti-StratfordianstendtoquestionhowShakespearecouldwritesoextensivelyaboutcountriesandcultureshehadnevervisitedbefore(forexample,RomeoandJulietwassetinItaly).Butagain,thiscriticismdoesn'tholduptoclosescrutiny(推敲).Foronething,ShakespearewaslivinginLondon,abusiness,politicalandculturalcenterofEurope.Amongthedailycrowdsofpeople,Shakespearewouldcertainlyhavebeenabletomeettravelersfromothercountriesandhearfirsthandaccountsoflifeintheirhomecountry.Foranother,itwasalsotheageoftheprintingpress.Suchtechnologymadeitpossibletoprintandcirculatebooksmuchmoreeasilythaninthepast.ThisallowedpeopletoreadaboutlifeandideasthroughoutEurope.Oneneedn'ttravelthecontinenttolearnandwriteaboutitsculture.1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthistext?

A.Toexplaintwosidesofanargument.

B.Tocriticizeatheorybypresentingevidence.

C.Togivesomehistoricalbackgroundaboutaliteraryfigure.

D.Toencouragereaderstobeskepticalaboutfamouswriters.

2.HowdoestheauthorproveShakespearewaswell-educated?

A.ByreferringtoShakespeare'seducatedparents.

B.ByinsistinguponShakespeare'snaturaltalent.

C.BycomparingShakespearewithotherwritersofhistime.

D.ByexplaininggradeschooleducationinShakespeare'stime.

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A.InternationaltravelwasextremelyrareinShakespeare'stime.

B.Untilrecently,classicaldramawasonlytaughtinuniversities.

C.InShakespeare'stime,glove-makersweren'tpartoftheupperclass.

D.SomewritersinShakespeare'stimewantedtoharmhisreputation.

4.WhydoestheauthormentionRomeoandJuliet?

A.It'sShakespeare'smostfamousplay.

B.ItwasinspiredbyShakespeare'striptoItaly.

C.It'sanexampleofaplaysetoutsideofEngland.

D.ItwasunpopularwhenShakespearefirstwroteit.2.Modernagricultureanditsbeautytofeedbillionsofpeoplemaybeoneofhumanity'sgreatestachievements.However,itcomeswithhiddencosts.Forexample,haveyoueverconsideredhowmuchwaterisneededtoprovideyouwithasteakorasalad?Itmaysurpriseyou.InarecentstudypublishedinthejournalNutrients,scientistsfromtheCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganization(CSIRO),Australia'snationalscienceorganization,tookacloselookatthedietsof9,341adultAustralians-specifically,their"water-scarcityfootprints(水消耗足迹)".Itturnsoutthatasweettoothnotonlyaddstoourwaistlinesbutalsostressesourwaterresources.Thewater-scarcityfootprintisawidelyrecognizedmeasurementofwaterconsumption.First,itcountsthelitersofwateryouused.Then,itlooksattheplacewherethewaterwasused.Usingaliterofwaterinthedesertisnotthesameasusingaliterofwaterinatropicalrainforest.Themorescarcewaterisinyourarea,thelargeryourwater-scarcityfootprint.ThescientistsfoundthattheaverageAustralian'sdiethadawater-scarcityfootprintof362litersperday.Snacksandbeverages-cookies,cakes,sodasandalcohol-accountedfor25percentofthewater-scarcityfootprint.Theresearchalsoincludedaglassofwine(41liters),asingleservingofpotatochips(23liters),andasmallbarofmilkchocolate(21liters).Notsurprisingly,cuttingoutsnackswouldbethetoppriorityifyouwantedtoloweryourownwater-scarcity.Earth'ssurfaceis70percentwater,butonly2.5percentofthatcanbeusedfordrinkingorfarming.Whilehumanityfacesanuphillbattletofeeditsgrowingpopulation,climatechangeiscausingdroughtsandextremeweatherinagriculturalcenterslikeCaliforniaandeasternAustralia.Citiesaren'tsafe,either.In2018,CapeTown,SouthAfrica,nearlyranoutofwaterduetodrought.Itsfreshwaterreservoir(水库)stayedatjustabout13.5percentoffullcapacity.By2030,aworldofabout8.6billionpeoplewillneed35percentmorewater,40percentmoreenergy,and50percentmorefood,accordingtotheUnitedStatesNationalIntelligenceCouncil.So,weneedtowatchwhatweeat,notjustforourpersonalhealthbutforthehealthofoursocieties.1.WhatdidtherecentstudyfromCSIROfind?

A.Therearemanyhiddenplaceslikelackingwater.

B.Eatingsweetsleadstoasmallerwater-scarcityfootprint.

C.Climatechangeistheleadingreasonforlargerwater-scarcityfootprints.

D.Thefoodsweconsumecouldcauseourwater-scarcityfootprintstobebigger.

2.Whatdoweknowaboutwater-scarcityfootprints?

A.Theychangewithacountry'spopulation.

B.Theycounttheamountofwaterafamilywastes.

C.Theyshowhowmuchapersonaffectstheirlocalwatersupply.

D.Theyaremainlyusedtomeasurehowscarcewaterisinthedesert.

3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastfourparagraphs?

A.SouthAfricaistheareawiththeworstwatershortages.

B.Wearefacingagreatershortageofwaterthanoffood.

C.Oureatinghabitscouldmakeadifferencetotheproblemofwatershortage.

D.Watershortagemaybringaboutmanysocialproblems.

4.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.HowtoGetRidofSnacks B.WaterWasteStartsWithSnacks

C.WhyWeShouldReduceWaterWaste D.TheMoreWater,theBiggerFootprints3.Morris,awell-knownEnglishviolinist,hadbeenexhaustedfromadayofrecordingatAbbeyRoadStudioswhenheexitedtheSoutheasternRailwayfromLondonlatelastmonth.Hewassotiredthathedidn'tevenrealizethathehadlefthisbelovedviolinonthetrainuntilthefollowingmorning.TheviolinisoneofthefewsurvivinginstrumentsmadebyRomancraftsmanDavidTecchlerin1709.Notonlyistheviolinworth﹩320,000,butMorrishasalsobeenplayingtheinstrumentfor15years.Feelingpanic,MorriscontactedtheBritishTransportPolicetoseeifithadbeenreturned;unfortunately,officerscheckedthefootage(录像)andsawthattheviolinhadbeenpickedupbyanothertrainpassenger.Morristhencreatedsocialmediaaccountstobegforthereturnofhisinstrument.Thefootagewasshowninthenews,andthepersonresponsiblefortakingtheviolinwastreatedasasuspect.Severaldayslater,Morrisreceivedaphonecallfromsomeonewhorecognizedthemanonthetrain.Morriswasthenputincontactwiththemanwhotooktheviolin-andhehadapparentlybeenveryeagertoreturntheinstrument.Afterpromisingthemanthathewouldn'tbearrested,Morrismethiminagrocerystoreparkinglotsohecouldreunitewithhisbelovedinstrument.Themanapologizedsincerely,sayinghewantedtohandittoMorrisinperson.Morrisfoundtheinstrumentandthecontentsofitscasewerestillinperfectconsummatecondition.Tohissurprise,itwasevenstillintune(音调准确).Morriswasexcitedanddeeplygratefulforitsreturn."I'mstillgettingovertheshockofitscomingback,"Morrisadmittedinaninterviewafterwards.ThenheplayedabreathtakingpieceofmusicAmazingGraceonhis310-year-oldviolininfrontofthereporters.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthelostviolin?

A.It'svaluableandimportant.

B.It'sagiftfromDavidTecchler.

C.It'stheonlyviolinMorrisowns.

D.It'stheoldestviolinintheworld.

2.WhatdidMorrisdofirstafterhefoundhisviolinmissing?

A.Hespoketoreportersaboutit.

B.Hedescribedhissituationonline.

C.Heturnedtothepoliceforhelp.

D.Hereturnedtothetraintolookforit.

3.Whatdoweknowaboutthemanwhotooktheviolinaway?

A.Heknewtheviolinwasunique.

B.HegotintouchwithMorrisdirectly.

C.Hewasunwillingtoreturntheviolin.

D.Hefeltafraidtobepunishedforhisact.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"consummate"inParagraph5probablymean?

A.Loose. B.Poor. C.Perfect. D.Awful.

答案以及解析1.答案：1.B;2.D;3.C;4.C

解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段"TheythinkthatShakespearesimplywasnoteducatedenoughorfromahighenoughsocialclasstohavewrittenplayswithsuchawiderangeofsubjectslikehistoryandinternationalculture.(他们认为,莎士比亚没有受过足够的教育,或者来自一个足够高的社会阶层,无法写出历史和国际文化这样广泛题材的戏剧。)"以及第二段第一句"Firstofall,thosewhodoubtShakespeare'sauthorshipoftenpointtohiscommonbirthandbriefeducationasblockstohiswriterlytalents.(首先,那些质疑莎士比亚作家身份的人总是认为他平凡的出身以及短暂的教育是他写作才能的绊脚石)"以及第三段第一句"Next,anti-StratfordianstendtoquestionhowShakespearecouldwritesoextensivelyaboutcountriesandcultureshehadnevervisitedbefore(forexample,RomeoandJulietwassetinItaly)(其次,反斯特拉特福派总是质疑莎士比亚怎么可能对自己从未去过的国家和文化有如此详尽的描述,比如《罗密欧与朱丽叶》就发生在意大利"可知,作者在第一段先提出一个反斯特拉特福派的观点,然后在第二、三两段从两方面反驳了他们的观点。故选B。

2.细节理解题。根据第二段"AlsogradeschooleducationinShakespeare'stimewasactuallyquitestrictandexposedstudentstoclassicdramathroughwriterslikeSenecaandOvid.(此外,莎士比亚时代的小学教育非常严格,学生可以通过塞内加和奥维德等作家接触到经典戏剧。)"可知,作者是通过解释莎士比亚时期小学教育的情况来证明莎士比亚收到良好教育。故选D。

3.推理判断题。根据第一段"Shakespearewasthesonofaglove-maker(莎士比亚是一个手套制造商的儿子。)"和第二段"Althoughit'struethatShakespearedidnotcomefromanobleclass,hisfatherwasaverysuccessfulglove-makerandhismotherwasfromaverywealthyland-owningfamily-sohewouldhavebeeneducatedaccordingly(虽然莎士比亚并非来自贵族阶层,但他的父亲是一位非常成功的手套制造商,母亲来自一个非常富有的地主家庭,所以他应该受到相应的教育。)"可推断,手套制造商在那时候并不能算是上层贵族阶层。故选C。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Next,anti:StratfordianstendtoquestionhowShakespearecouldwritesoextensivelyaboutcountriesandcultureshehadnevervisitedbefore(forexample,RomeoandJulietwassetinItaly).(其次,反斯特拉特福派总是质疑莎士比亚怎么可能对自己从未去过的国家和文化有如此详尽的描述,比如《罗密欧与朱丽叶》就发生在意大利)"可推断,举《罗密欧与朱丽叶》这个例子,是为了论证上一句话,也就是认为莎士比亚没离开过英格兰,怎么写得出以其他国家为背景的戏剧。故选C。2.答案：1.D;2.C;3.C;4.B

解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容"Itturnsoutthatasweettoothnotonlyaddstoourwaistlinesbutalsostressesourwaterresources."可知,爱吃甜食不仅会增加我们的腰围,还会给我们的水资源带来压力,且文章第五段首句"ThescientistsfoundthattheaverageAustralian'sdiethadawater-scarcityfootprintof362litersperday."科学家们发现,澳大利亚人日常饮食的水短缺足迹为每天362升。因此可知,我们消耗的食物会引起水消耗足迹变大。故选D。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容"Thewater-scarcityfootprintisawidelyrecognizedmeasurementofwaterconsumption.First,itcountsthelitersofwateryouused.Then,itlooksattheplacewherethewaterwasused.…Themorescarcewaterisinyourarea,thelargeryourwater-scarcityfootprint."可知,这一测量方式是广为公认的,首先,它计量你用水的数量,然后它再看看在哪里使用的水。你所在地区的水资源越短缺,你的水消耗足迹就越大。因此可推知,它们显示了一个人对当地供水的影响程度。故选C。

3.推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容"So,weneedtowatchwhatweeat,notjustforourpersonalhealthbutforthehealthofoursocieties."可知,我们需要注意我们吃什么,不仅是为了我们个人的健康,也是为了我们整个社会的健康,且结合文章主旨可知,句中所表述的整个社会的健康应是指"防止水资源短缺"。选项C"Oureatinghabitscouldmakeadifferencetotheproblemofwatershortage.(我们的饮食习惯会对缺水问题产生影响。)"是基于原文内容上的合理推论。故选C。

4.主旨大意题。通读文章内容可知,文章中"Itturnsoutthatasweettoothnotonlyaddstoourwaistlines